Operation management Question ::: READ THE FOLLOWING Article AND MAKE A 15 PAGE SLIDE WITH BULLET POINT. From intro to conclusion Introduction Plastic Waste has been an issue for generations that has not been considered an important issue however plastic waste is occurring all over the world. For instance in 1988 and 1998 Bangladesh has intense flooding that worsened when plastic bags clogged the city drains. Countries all over the world experience plastic washed up on shore along with deceased marine life. Sea Creatures are showing up on beach shores with plastic wrapped around their necks or in their stomachs some are small as baby sea turtles and some as big as a whale. Plastic Waste is a growing problem that is invading our land and waters today. Over the years our control on plastic has gotten out of hand and if it continues to go unnoticed the future is not looking good. In the past, plastic waste might have been considered an issue but not much action was shown considering the plastic found in each square mile of the ocean is up to about 46,000 pieces. Animals in the ocean have been deteriorating at a fast pace because of small pieces of plastic are mistaken as food. Scientist have reported that in 1997 over 693 species of marine animals have had to deal with the plastic debris in the ocean and 17% of those species were lead to become endangered species. The plastic waste that was found in oceans was bags, water bottles, bottle caps etc. Not only did the plastic waste affect the wildlife but the plastic products found in the oceans lead back to humans. According to the article The Plastic that's Invading Our Waters" A 2011 study looking at the composition of microplastics found on shorelines around the world first raised alarm, saying that microfibers dominated the plastic debris they found and seemed to be coming from clothing being washed. Microfibers were being discovered in clothing and when washed they were stripped off and sent into the waterways. Microfibers were released into the oceans by our clothes and the plastic material which will be consumed by the fish leading to the fish becoming uneatable. Moving forward to the present the marine animals are continuing to deteriorate and the amount of plastic has risen. Today nearly 100,000 marine mammals and sea turtles have been killed due to the leftover synthetic fishing nets and lines. When searching on the internet and a whale is shown washed up on the beach that is what happens to animals that have inhaled a lot of plastic material. The plastic material stays in the stomach and can never be removed which leads to a slow death. Everyday new diseases are being discovered but not much has changed over the years concerning microfibers. As of right now only animals have been known to experience the harsh effects of the large intake of plastic. Another place microfibers have been identified is in clothes or more specifically in Yoga Pants and Fleece Jackets and those microfibers found the clothes was stripped off when they were washed. When stripped off they travel into the waterways and eventually end up in the ocean waters. The effects in the past are very similar to the future but the number of plastic waste was lower than the amount now. Plastic materials were spread out all over the water areas including inside the waters. The microfibers were being researched by scientists but no luck was made in trying to figure out all the possible issues that would affect our health. Reasons for an increase in plastic pollution In nature, there's no waste that doesn't decompose. Humans, however, have fictional plastic which can continuously be 'unnatural' within the surroundings owing to its properties. creating plastic is cheap and also the applications of the fabric ar endless. as a result of plastic is thus wide used, it nearly always winds up within the surroundings, inflicting a lot of plastic pollution. And not simply because somebody leaves a bit of plastic on the road rather than putt it in a very waste bin. SINGLE-USE PLASTIC Of all the plastic we have a tendency to use, four-hundredth is employed one time. each year we have a tendency to use many billion things like luggage, bottles, trays, and food packaging. Supermarkets ar choked with it. Some individuals ar careless with packaging and leave it behind as litter. however there are places wherever individuals can't do otherwise as a result of there's no waste assortment system. it's while not a doubt that albeit the majority do their best, abundant of that single-use plastic enters the surroundings, being one in every of the most important reason behind plastic pollution. OTHER CAUSES OF PLASTIC POLLUTION It is not almost single-use plastic. Typically individuals don't understand that they grime the surroundings with plastic. As an example, automobile tires are made from rubber and plastic that wears out whereas driving. Which means that through this friction, thousands of micro plastics get free onto the road and within the air. Additionally, machine laundry and drying of artificial garments let out numerous microfibers into the system. aid product and paint may also contain micro plastics that wash away in sewer water. Additionally, there's a form of plastic that is additionally incorporated into roll of tobacco filters and even into change of state gums. THE PATHWAYS Plastic carried by water flows downhill to the ocean causes plastic pollution to succeed in the oceans. Rivers, as an example, transport a great deal of plastic to the ocean, however that's not the sole manner plastic moves around; it may also be transported by the wind. Even in mild winds, plastic, that is extremely light-weight, blows away - particularly from lowland sites wherever it's drop. Anyone World Health Organization has launched a balloon will simply image this. The plastic ribbons from balloons are typically found on beaches washed up, once landing within the water somewhere embarrassed. The solutions to plastic pollution 1. Wean yourself off disposable plastics. Ninety p.c of the plastic things in our daily lives area unit used once so chucked: grocery luggage, wrap, disposable cutlery, straws, coffee-cup lids. observe of however usually you have confidence these product and replace them with reusable versions. It solely takes a couple of times of transferral your own luggage to the shop, tableware to the workplace, or travel mug to Starbucks before it becomes habit. 2. Stop shopping for water. Each year, on the point of twenty billion plastic bottles area unit tossed within the trash. Carry a reusable bottle in your bag, and you'll ne'er be caught having to resort to a Poland Spring or Evian once more. If you're nervous regarding the standard of your native water, search for a model with a integral filter 3. Boycott microbeads. Those very little plastic scrubbers found in such a lot of beauty productsfacial scrubs, toothpaste, body washes-might look harmless, however their little size permits them to slide through water- treatment plants. sadly, they additionally look rather like food to some marine animals. want product with natural exfoliants, like oatmeal or salt, instead. 4. Cook more. Not solely is it healthier, however creating your own meals doesn't involve takeout containers or domestic dog luggage. For those times after you do order in or dine out, tell the institution you don't want any plastic cutlery or, for a few serious additional credit, bring your own food-storage containers to restaurants for leftovers. 5. Purchase things secondhand. New toys and electronic gadgets, especially, go along with every kind of plastic packagingfrom those frustrating hard-to-crack shells to crooked ties. Search the shelves of thrift stores, neighborhood garage sales, or on-line postings for things that area unit even as smart once antecedently used. You'll save yourself a couple of greenbacks, too. 6. Recycle (duh). It appears obvious, however we're not doing an excellent job of it. as an example, but fourteen p.c of plastic packaging is recycled. Confused regarding what will and can't go into the bin? look into the amount on all-time low of the instrumentality. Most liquid and liquid cleaner bottles are going to be #1 (PET), that is often accepted by most pavement utilisation corporations. Containers marked #2 (HDPE; usually slightly heavier-duty bottles for milk, juice, and laundry detergent) and #5 (PP; plastic cutlery, yoghourt and oleo tubs, tomato ketchup bottles) also are reusable in some areas. For the specifics on your space, look into Earth911.org's utilisation directory. 7. Support a bag tax or ban. Urge your nonappointive officers to follow the lead of these in port of entry, Chicago, and shut to one hundred fifty alternative cities and counties by introducing or supporting legislation that might build plastic-bag use less fascinating. 8. render bulk. Single-serving yogurts, travel-size toiletries, little packages of nutsconsider the product-to- packaging magnitude relation of things you tend to shop for usually and choose the larger instrumentality rather than shopping for many smaller ones over time. 9. Bring your own grip to the shopkeeper. Invest in a very zippered cloth bag and request that your cleansed things be came back in it rather than cased in plastic. (And whereas you're at it, ensure you're frequenting a shopkeeper that skips the perc, a venomous chemical found in some improvement solvents.) 10. place pressure on makers. Though we will build a distinction through our own habits, firms clearly have a way larger footprint. If you suspect an organization may be smarter regarding its packaging, build your voice detected. Write a letter, send a tweet, or hit them wherever it very hurts: provide your cash to a a lot of property contender. The relationships between plastic pollution, waste management and climate change When individuals have confidence plastics, they extremely don't tend to have confidence the start of its life cycle. and also the starting of its life cycle extremely begins with oil and gas development,' aforementioned Matt Kelso, manager of knowledge and technology at FracTracker Alliance, a noncommercial that addresses extraction considerations within the us. He co-authored the extraction and transport section of the report. Oil, gas, and coal square measure the fossil-fuel building blocks of plastics. gas and oil are often extracted from the world through fracking. corporations drill wells into the bottom till they hit a rock layer, then they flip ninety degrees and drill horizontally. Injecting sand, chemicals, or water breaks up the rock to unharness gas and oil, that square measure transported to different facilities via pipelines, trains, and trucks. Extraction and transportation of those fossil fuels could be a carbon-intensive activity. Authors of the CIEL report calculable that twelve.5 to 13.5 million metric heaps of CO2 equivalent square measure emitted annually whereas extracting and transporting gas to form feedstocks for plastics within the us. Land disturbance conjointly contributes to greenhouse emission emissions related to extraction. Kelso aforementioned every mile of pipeline should be enclosed by a "right of way" zone of cleared land. About 19.2 million acres are cleared for oil and gas development within the us. presumptuous simply a 3rd of the wedged land is wooded, 1.686 billion metric heaps of CO2 square measure free into the atmosphere as a results of clearing, authors of the CIEL report aforementioned. Conclusion the more plastic waste goes unnoticed the more oceans will be filled with plastic debris and future generations will never get to experience days at the beach because of beaches filled with plastic waste and deceased sea animals washed up on shore. Whether its animals that live in the water or animals that soar through the sky all are at risk of accidentally eating plastic. After researching this issue the future will consist of the extinction of sea animals,waters filled with plastic materials and diseases caused by plastic release hitting closer to home