**Please be kind and answer both**

Which of the following statements is NOT true about the preemptive right?

a. The preemptive right helps to prevent management form seizing control of the corporation.

c. The preemptive right gives common stockholders the right to purchase new issues of common stock on a pro rata basis.

d. The preemptive right is automatically included in every corporate charter by law.

e. The preemptive right helps to protect stockholders form dilution of value.

The Gordon model is used to

a. find the value of a dividend yield.

b. determine the growth of a required rate of return (rs).

c. estimate a company's retained earnings.

d. estimate the risk premium of a stock.

e. find the value of a constant growth stock.