SECTION A [70 MARKS] Read the case study carefully and answer the questions that follow. The Good Apples When you ask people inside highly successful groups to describe their relationship with one another, they all tend to choose the same word. This word is not friends or team or tribe or any other equally plausible term. The word they use is family. Whats more, they tend to describe the feeling of those relationships in the same way. I cant explain it, but things just feel right. Ive actually tried to quit a couple times, but I keep coming back to it. Theres no feeling like it. These guys are my brothers. (Christopher Baldwin, U.S. Navys SEAL Team Six) Its not rational. Nobody whos purely rational about it does the kinds of things that happen here. Theres a teamwork that goes way beyond team and overlaps into the rest of peoples lives. (Joe Negron, KIPP charter schools) Its a rush, knowing that you can take a huge risk and these people will be there to support you no matter what. We are addicted to that feeling. (Nate Dern, Upright Citizens Brigade comedy troupe) We are all about being a familial group, because it allows you to take more risks, give each other permission, and have moments of vulnerability that you could never have in a more normal setting. (Duane Bray, IDEO design) When I visited these groups, I noticed a distinct pattern of interaction. The pattern was located not in the big things but in little moments of social connection. These interactions were consistent whether the group was a military unit or a movie studio or an inner-city school. I made a list: Close physical proximity, often in circles Profuse amounts of eye contact Physical touch (handshakes, fist bumps, hugs) Lots of short, energetic exchanges (no long speeches) High levels of mixing everyone talks to everyone Few interruptions Lots of questions Intensive, active listening Humor, laughter Small, attentive courtesies (thank-yous, opening doors, etc.) Source: https://quotefancy.com/quote/3035280/Daniel-Coyle

Answer ALL the questions in this section.

QUESTION ONE

1.1 Many organisations strive to have employees speaking about their organisations, much like the colleagues and their leaders as the respondents in the case study. Critically discuss FOUR (4) general types of organisational culture. Apply the case study to the relevant types of culture and describe how organisations can avoid cultures that negatively affect productivity and job satisfaction. (20 Marks)

1.2 The respondents in the case study speak positively of their commitments towards their organisations. Describe what is meant by organisational commitment and analyse the THREE (3) types of organisational commitment by making reference to the case study. (18 Marks)

1.3 The respondents in the case study all sound satisfied with the current state of their organisation. Define job satisfaction and its facets, while applying the case study and other relevant examples to show your understanding. (24 Marks)

1.4 One of the main behaviours that employees usually display as a reflection of how satisfied they are with their job is citizenship behaviour. Discuss TWO (2) types of citizenship behaviour and provide examples in your answer. (8 Marks)