Summarize what the paragraphs speak about in an explanation?

Types of Patents

Useful inventions and processes, as well as those that improve upon existing items and processes that are likewise helpful are the subject of utility patents. A utility patent can be issued to an item that is beneficial and inventive, according to federal law. a helpful creative item or process, or an improvement to an existing item or process that is useful or process or for an enhancement to an existing thing or process that is valuable Patent law distinguishes between machines (such as a drill press) and articles of manufacture (such as a USB data storage device) and compositions of matter (such as a memory stick) (e.g., a human-made, genetically engineered bacterium capable of breaking down crude oil). A utility patent can also cover an improvement to an existing equipment, product, or composition of matter. (Morgan, 2019)

Copyright Basics

All unlawful users of intellectual works are subject to severe liability under copyright law, which imposes a one-size-fits-all standard. At this time, the illegal user's guilt, or the information costs she confronts are not taken into consideration by the existing regime. It doesn't consider how the rightsholders themselves may have contributed to the infringements, or how they could have avoided them for a low price. Remedies available under the Copyright Act for nonconsensual use of a copyrighted work include supra compensatory damage awards, disgorgement of earnings and injunctive remedy for copyright owners. This liability system is unfair because it fails to distinguish between those who violate copyright with the intent to harm, those who do so in good faith but do so unintentionally, and the public who are unaware of the complexities of copyright infringement. An even bigger problem is that the purposes of the copyright system are hindered by the one-size-fits-all liability structure, which discourages new works and encourages rights holders to be secretive about their expectations of users. (Bell & Parchomovsky, 2019)

References

Bell, A., & Parchomovsky, G. (2019, July 22). Restructuring copyright infringement. SSRN. Retrieved December 6, 2021, from https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=3387605.

Morgan, J.F. (2019). Business law. BVT Publishing.