Is honey a cough remedy? Does a teaspoon of honey before bed really calm a child’s cough? To test the folk remedy, pediatric researchers carried out a designed study conducted over two nights (Archives of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, December 2007). A sample of 105 children who were ill with an upper respiratory tract infection and their parents participated in the study. On the first night, the parents rated their children’s cough symptoms on a scale from 0 (no problems at all) to 6 (extremely severe) in five different areas. The total symptoms score (ranging from 0 to 30 points) was the variable of interest for the 105 patients. On the second night, the parents were instructed to give their sick child a dosage of liquid “medicine” prior to bedtime. Unknown to the parents, some were given a dosage of dextromethorphan (DM)—an over-the-counter cough medicine—while others were given a similar dose of honey. Also, a third group of parents (the control group) gave their sick children no dosage at all. Again, the parents rated their children’s cough symptoms, and the improvement in total cough symptoms score was determined for each child. The data (improvement scores) for the study are shown in the table below, followed (in the next column) by a Minitab dot plot of the data. Notice that the green dots represent the children who received a dose of honey, the red dots represent those who got the DM dosage, and the black dots represent the children in the control group. What conclusions can pediatric researchers draw from the graph? Do you agree with the statement (extracted from the article), “Honey may be a preferable treatment for the cough and sleep difficulty associated with childhood upper respiratory tract infection”? Honey 12 11 15 11 10 13 10 4 15 16 9 14 Dosage: 10 6 10 8 11 12 12 8 9 5 12 12 9 11 15 10 15 9 13 8 12 10 8 DM 4 6 9 4 7 7 7 9 12 10 11 6 3 Dosage: 4 9 12 7 6 8 12 12 4 12 10 15 9 13 7 10 13 9 4 4 No Dosage 5 8 6 1 0 8 12 8 7 7 1 6 7 (Control): 7 12 7 9 7 9 5 11 9 5 1 4 3 6 8 8 6 7 10 9 4 8 7 3 Source: Based on I. M. Paul et al. “Effect of Honey, Dextromethorphan, and No Treatment on Nocturnal Cough and Sleep Quality for Coughing Children and Their Parents,” Archives of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Vol. 161, No. 12, December 2007 (data simulated). HCOUGH