James Atkinson was a British engineer who designed several combustion engines. The thermodynamic cycle bearing his name is a modification of the Otto cycle intended to improve its efficiency. The trade-off in achieving higher efficiency is a decrease in the work performed per cycle. The idealised Atkinson cycle consists of the following reversible processes:• 1−→ 2 : adiabatic compression• 2−→ 3 : isochoric heating• 3−→ 4 : isobaric heating• 4−→ 5 : adiabatic expansion• 5−→ 6 : isochoric cooling• 6−→ 1 : isobaric cooling

(p, V) diagram of a refrigeration cycle Assume that the adiabatic processes are reversible and that the cycle is operated on an ideal gas characterised by,

The following physical quantities that characterise the cycle are assumed to be known: volumes V1, V2 and V6, pressures p1 and p3, temperature T5, and the number of moles N of gas. Analyse this cycle by using the following instructions:a) Draw the (p, V) diagram of the Atkinson cycle.b) Determine the pressures p2, p4, p5, p6, the volumes V3, V4, V5 and temperatures T1, T2, T3, T4, T6, in terms of the known physical quantities.c) Find the works W12, W23, W34, W45, W56, W61 and the work W performed percycle.d) Find the heat transfers Q12, Q23, Q34, Q45, Q56, Q61 and the heat Q+ = Q23 +Q34 provided to the gas.e) Determine the efficiency of the Atkinson cycle,

P P2 Pi 3 4 V3 21 V V 1