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essentials of statistics

Questions and Answers of Essentials Of Statistics

Determine whether the given claim involves a hypothesis test that is left-tailed, twotailed, or right-tailed.a. p ≠ 0.5b. μ < 98.6°Fc. σ > 15 cm
If we use the same significance level to conduct the hypothesis test using the P-value method, the critical value method, and a confidence interval, which method is not equivalent to the other two?In
Find the P-value in a test of the claim that the mean annual income of a CIA agent is greater than $81,623 (based on data from payscale.com) given that the test statistic is t = 1.304 for a sample of
In identify the indicated values or interpret the given display. Use the normal distribution as an approximation to the binomial distribution, as described in Part 1 of this section. Use a 0.05
In do the following:a. Express the original claim in symbolic form.b. Identify the null and alternative hypotheses.
The claim is that for Verizon data speeds at airports, the mean is μ = 14.00 mbps. The sample size is μ = 13 and the test statistic is t = –1.625In either use technology to find the P-value or
True or false: In hypothesis testing, it is never valid to form a conclusion of supporting the null hypothesis.
True or false: The conclusion of “fail to reject the null hypothesis” has exactly the same meaning as “accept the null hypothesis.”
Repeat the preceding exercise using the pulse rates of women listed in Data Set 1 “Body Data” in Appendix B. For the sample of pulse rates of women, n = 147 and s = 12.5. See the accompanying JMP
True or false: If correct methods of hypothesis testing are used with a large simple random sample that satisfies the test requirements, the conclusion will always be true.
In a test of the claim that σ = 15 for the population of IQ scores of professional athletes, we find that the rightmost critical value is χ2R = 40.646. Is the leftmost critical χ2L value
Explain what is meant by the statements that the t test for a claim about μ is robust, but the χ2 test for a claim about σ2 is not robust.
Which of the following statements are true?a. When testing a claim about a population mean m, the P-value method, critical value method, and confidence interval method are all equivalent in the sense
Exercise 6 “Cell Phone”Data From Exercise 6Claim: Fewer than 95% of adults have a cell phone. In a Marist poll of 1128 adults, 87% said that they have a cell phone.In refer to the exercise
The proportion of adults who use the Internet is greater than 0.87.In provide statements that identify the type I error and the type II error that correspond to the given claim. (Although conclusions
The proportion of people who require no vision correction is less than 0.25.In provide statements that identify the type I error and the type II error that correspond to the given claim. (Although
Among 460 overtime National Football League (NFL) games between 1974 and 2011, 252 of the teams that won the overtime coin toss went on to win the game. During those years, a team could win the coin
a. Assume that we want to use a 0.05 significance level to test the claim that p1 < p2. Which is better: A hypothesis test or a confidence interval?b. In general, when dealing with inferences for
The New York Times published an article about a study in which Professor Denise Korniewicz and other Johns Hopkins researchers subjected laboratory gloves to stress. Among 240 vinyl gloves, 63%
Carpal tunnel syndrome is a common wrist complaint resulting from a compressed nerve, and it is often the result of extended use of repetitive wrist movements, such as those associated with the use
If we use the sample data in Exercise 2 for constructing a 99% confidence interval, what is the number of degrees of freedom that should be used for finding the critical value of tα/2? What is the
a. Exercise 2 includes a confidence interval. If you use the P-value method or the critical value method from Part 1 of this section to test the claim that women and men have the same mean hemoglobin
When testing the claim that p1 = p2, a test statistic of z = -1.64 is obtained. Find the P-value for the hypothesis test.In use the following survey results: Randomly selected subjects were asked if
Construct a scatterplot of the father/son heights, then interpret it.In use the following heights (in.) The data are matched so that each column consists of heights from the same family.
1. Out-of-class activity The Chapter Problem is based on observations of cars with rear license plates only in states with laws that require both front and rear license plates. Work together in
Use the same data from Exercise 6 and use the same scale to construct a boxplot of the braking reaction times of males and another boxplot for the braking reaction times of females. What do the
Use the sample data from Exercise 6 with a 0.01 significance level to test the claim that males and females have the same mean.Data from in Exercise 6Listed below are sorted braking reaction times
Since the Hawk-Eye instant replay system for tennis was introduced at the U.S. Open in 2006, men challenged 2441 referee calls, with the result that 1027 of the calls were overturned. Women
Repeat Exercise 8 “The Spoken Word” using all of the data in the first two columns of Data Set 24 “Word Counts” in Appendix B.Data From Exercise 8Listed below are the numbers of words spoken
What is the difference between the regression equation ŷ = b0 + b1x and the regression equation y = β0 + β1x?
Use only the sunspot numbers for the following.a. Find the mean, median, range, standard deviation, and variance.b. Are the sunspot numbers categorical data or quantitative data?c. What is the level
In a trial designed to test the effectiveness of aspirin in preventing heart disease, 11,037 male physicians were treated with aspirin and 11,034 male physicians were given placebos. Among the
Repeat Exercise 14 using all of the paired duration>interval after times listed in Data Set 23.Data From Exercise 14Using the listed duration and interval after times, find the best predicted
The efficiency of the rank correlation test is 0.91, which indicates that with all other factors being the same, rank correlation requires 100 pairs of sample observations to achieve the same results
Table A-5 lists critical values of r for selected values of n and a. Table A-5More generally, critical r values can be found by using the formula where the t value is found from the table
Use the frequency distribution from Exercise 11 in Section 2-1 on page 49 to construct a histogram. Does it appear to be the graph of data from a population with a normal distribution?In construct
Construct a stemplot of the body temperatures listed in Exercise 1. Are there any outliers?Data From Exercise 1Construct a frequency distribution of the 20 body temperatures (oF) listed below. (These
Use the frequency distribution from Exercise 12 in Section 2-1 on page 49 to construct a histogram. Does the histogram appear to be skewed? If so, identify the type of skewness.In construct the
During the last presidential election, CNN conducted an exit poll in which specific polling stations were randomly selected and all voters were surveyed as they left the premises.In identify which of
Blood lead levels of low, medium, and high used to describe the subjects in Data Set 7 “IQ and Lead” in Appendix BIn determine which of the four levels of measurement (nominal, ordinal, interval,
Refer to the frequency distribution from Exercise 5.Data From Exercise 5In Exercises 9 and 10, using a loose interpretation of the criteria for determining whether a frequency distribution is
In an investigation of a relationship between systolic blood pressure and diastolic blood pressure of adult females, which of the following graphs is most helpful: histogram; pie chart; scatterplot;
Refer to the frequency distribution from Exercise 6.Data From Exercise 6In Exercises 9 and 10, using a loose interpretation of the criteria for determining whether a frequency distribution is
In Florida’s Play 4 lottery game, four digits between 0 and 9 inclusive are randomly selected each day. We normally expect that each of the 10 different digits will occur about 1/10 of the time,
Use the frequency distribution from Exercise 17 in Section 2-1 on page 49 to construct a histogram. What can be concluded from the distribution of the digits? Specifically, do the heights appear to
Use the frequency distribution from Exercise 11 in Section 2-1 on page 49 to construct a frequency polygon. Does the graph suggest that the distribution is skewed? If so, how?In construct the
Use the frequency distribution from Exercise 13 in Section 2-1 on page 49 to construct a histogram. Does the histogram appear to be skewed? If so, identify the type of skewness.In construct the
Use the frequency distribution from Exercise 14 in Section 2-1 on page 49 to construct a histogram. Using a strict interpretation of the criteria for being a normal distribution, does the histogram
Use the frequency distribution from Exercise 12 in Section 2-1 on page 49 to construct a frequency polygon. Does the graph suggest that the distribution is skewed? If so, how?In construct the
Use the frequency distribution from Exercise 15 in Section 2-1 on page 49 to construct a histogram. Does the histogram appear to be skewed? If so, identify the type of skewness.In construct the
Use the frequency distribution from Exercise 16 in Section 2-1 on page 49 to construct a histogram. In using a strict interpretation of the criteria for being a normal distribution, does the
Use the frequency distribution from Exercise 18 in Section 2-1 on page 49 to construct a histogram. What can be concluded from the distribution of the digits? Specifically, do the heights appear to
Refer to Data Set 24 “Word Counts” in Appendix B, which includes counts of words spoken by males and females. That data set includes 12 columns of data, but first stack all of the male word
Listed below is a sample of duration times (seconds) of eruptions of the Old Faithful geyser. Use the range rule of thumb to estimate the value of the standard deviation of all duration times, and
The ACT test is used to assess readiness for college. In a recent year, the mean ACT score was 21.1 and the standard deviation was 5.1. Identify the ACT scores that are significantly low or
Simulations Calculating probabilities are sometimes painfully difficult, but simulations provide us with a very practical alternative to calculations based on formal rules. A simulation of a
Exercise 25 “Tornadoes”In refer to the data in the indicated exercise. After finding the range of the data, use the range rule of thumb to estimate the value of the standard deviation. Compare
Find the probability of selecting someone who uses drugs. Does the result appear to be reasonable as an estimate of the “prevalence rate” described in the Chapter Problem?In refer to the sample
Which of the following are probabilities? 0 3/5 5/3 -0.25 250% 7:3 1 50-50 5:1 0.135 2.017
Exercise 26 “Earthquakes”In refer to the data in the indicated exercise. After finding the range of the data, use the range rule of thumb to estimate the value of the standard deviation. Compare
Exercise 27 “Body Temperatures”In refer to the data in the indicated exercise. After finding the range of the data, use the range rule of thumb to estimate the value of the standard
1. False Positive Based on the results in the table, find the probability that a subject is not a smoker, given that the test result is positive.2. True Positive Based on the results in the table,
1. Out-of-class activity Divide into groups of three or four and create a new carnival game. Determine the probability of winning. Determine how much money the operator of the game can expect to gain
A presidential candidate plans to begin her campaign by visiting the capitals of 5 of the 50 states. If the five capitals are randomly selected without replacement, what is the probability that the
In a recent U.S. Open tennis tournament, there were 879 challenges made by singles players, and 231 of them resulted in referee calls that were overturned. The accompanying table lists the results by
Currently, the rate for new cases of diabetes in a year is 3.4 per 1000 (based on data from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention). When testing for the presence of diabetes, the Portland
MicroSort’s YSORT gender selection technique is designed to increase the likelihood that a baby will be a boy. At one point before clinical trials of the YSORT gender selection technique were
Overbooking Flights American Airlines Flight 171 from New York’s JFK airport to LAX airport in Los Angeles uses an Airbus A321 aircraft with 189 seats available for passengers. American Airlines
Gregor Mendel conducted original experiments to study the genetic traits of pea plants. In 1865 he wrote “Experiments in Plant Hybridization,” which was published in Proceedings of the Natural
Is a probability distribution defined if the only possible values of a random variable are 0, 1, 2, 3, and P(0) = P(1) = P(2) = P(3) = 1/3?
Assume that we want to find the probability that when five consumers are randomly selected, exactly two of them are comfortable with delivery by drones. Also assume that 42% of consumers are
During a recent 64-year period, New Mexico had 153 tornadoes that measured 1 or greater on the Fujita scale. Let the random variable x represent the number of such tornadoes to hit New Mexico in one
Find the mean and standard deviation for the numbers of adults in groups of five who have credit cards. In Exercises 1–5, assume that 74% of randomly selected adults have a credit card (based
For Formula 5-9, what does P(0) represent? Simplify Formula 5-9 for the case in which x = 0.
In refer to the given values, then identify which of the following is most appropriate: discrete random variable, continuous random variable, or not a random variable.a. Exact weights of the next 100
Based on the table, the standard deviation is 0.9 flight. What is the variance? Include appropriate units.In use the following: Five American Airlines flights are randomly selected, and the table in
Find the probability that the number x of correct answers is exactly 7.In assume that random guesses are made for eight multiple choice questions on an SAT test, so that there are n = 8 trials, each
Find the probability that the number x of correct answers is at least 4.In assume that random guesses are made for eight multiple choice questions on an SAT test, so that there are n = 8 trials, each
Find the probability of no correct answers.In assume that random guesses are made for eight multiple choice questions on an SAT test, so that there are n = 8 trials, each with probability of success
Find the probability that at least one answer is correct.In assume that random guesses are made for eight multiple choice questions on an SAT test, so that there are n = 8 trials, each with
If 8 adult smartphone users are randomly selected, find the probability that exactly 6 of them use their smartphones in meetings or classes.In assume that when adults with smartphones are randomly
If 20 adult smartphone users are randomly selected, find the probability that exactly 15 of them use their smartphones in meetings or classes.In assume that when adults with smartphones are randomly
If 10 adult smartphone users are randomly selected, find the probability that at least 8 of them use their smartphones in meetings or classes.In assume that when adults with smartphones are randomly
It is estimated that worldwide, 1% of those aged 15–49 are infected with the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) (based on data from the National Institutes of Health). In tests for HIV, blood

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