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10.*Refer to the two-person economy described in the preceding problem. LO1a. Is the point (30 pounds of coffee per day, 12 pounds of nuts per day) an attainable point? Is it an efficient point?
LO3 9. Susan can pick 4 pounds of coffee in an hour or gather 2 pounds of nuts. Tom can pick 2 pounds of coffee in an hour or gather 4 pounds of nuts. Each works 6 hours per day. LO2a. What is the
LO3 8. Refer to the preceding question to explain what is meant by the following statement: “An increase in productivity with respect to any one good increases our options for producing and
7. Suppose that in Problem 5 a sewing machine is introduced that enables Helen to sew 8 dresses per hour rather than only 4. Show how this development shifts her production possibilities curve.
LO1 5. Consider a society consisting only of Helen, who allocates her time between sewing dresses and baking bread. Each hour she devotes to sewing dresses yields 4 dresses and each hour she devotes
LO1 4. Nancy and Bill are auto mechanics. Nancy takes 4 hours to replace a clutch and 2 hours to replace a set of brakes. Bill takes 6 hours to replace a clutch and 2 hours to replace a set of
LO1 3. Toby can produce 5 gallons of apple cider or 2.5 ounces of feta cheese per hour. Kyle can produce 3 gallons of apple cider or 1.5 ounces of feta cheese per hour. Can Toby and Kyle benefit from
2. Ted can wax a car in 20 minutes or wash a car in 60 minutes. Tom can wax a car in 15 minutes or wash a car in 30 minutes. What is each man’s opportunity cost of washing a car? Who has a
1. Ted can wax 4 cars per day or wash 12 cars. Tom can wax 3 cars per day or wash 6. What is each man’s opportunity cost of washing a car? Who has a comparative advantage in washing cars? LO1
LO1 5. What factors have helped the United States to become the world’s leading exporter of movies, books, and popular music?
LO3 4. Why does saying that people are poor because they do not specialize make more sense than saying that people perform their own services because they are poor?
LO3 3. How will technological innovations that boost labor productivity affect an economy’s production possibilities curve?
LO1 2. How will a reduction in the number of hours worked each day affect an economy’s production possibilities curve?
1. Explain what “having a comparative advantage” at producing a particular good or service means. What does “having an absolute advantage” at producing a good or service mean?
5. Why some jobs are more vulnerable to outsourcing than others.
4. The role of comparative advantage in international trade.
3. Factors that shift the menu of production possibilities.
2. The principle of increasing opportunity cost (also called the low-hanging fruit principle)
1. The principle of comparative advantage
LO2 1.5 If the star player takes one more shot, some other player must take one less. The fact that the star player’s average success rate is higher than the other players’ does not mean that the
LO2 1.4 The marginal benefit of the fourth launch is $9 billion, which exceeds its marginal cost of $8 billion, so the fourth launch should be added. But the fifth launch should not, since its
LO4 1.3 Since you now have no alternative use for your coupon, the opportunity cost of using it to pay for the Fort Lauderdale trip is zero. That means your economic surplus from the trip will be
LO2 1.2 Saving $100 is $10 more valuable than saving $90, even though the percentage saved is much greater in the case of the Chicago ticket.
1.1 The benefit of buying the game downtown is again $10 but the cost is now $12, so your economic surplus from buying it downtown would be $10 $12 $2. Since your economic surplus from making the
LO3 10.*The meal plan at university A lets students eat as much as they like for a fixed fee of $500 per semester. The average student there eats 250 pounds of food per semester. University B charges
LO2 9.*For each long-distance call anywhere in the continental United States, a new phone service will charge users 30 cents per minute for the first 2 minutes and 2 cents per minute for additional
LO2 8.*You and your friend Joe have identical tastes. At 2 p.m., you go to the local Ticketmaster outlet and buy a $30 ticket to a basketball game to be played that night in Syracuse, 50 miles north
discovered that she had lost a $10 bill from her wallet. If both Martha and Sarah are rational and both still have enough money to pay for a ticket, is one of them more likely than the other to go
LO2 7. Martha and Sarah have the same preferences and incomes. Just as Martha arrived at the theater to see a play, she discovered that she had lost the $10 ticket she had purchased earlier. Sarah
LO2 6. Suppose that in the last few seconds you devoted to question 1 on your physics exam you earned 4 extra points, while in the last few seconds you devoted to question 2 you earned 10 extra
LO2 5. Tom is a mushroom farmer. He invests all his spare cash in additional mushrooms, which grow on otherwise useless land behind his barn. The mushrooms double in weight during their first year,
LO2 4. Once a week, Smith purchases a six-pack of cola and puts it in his refrigerator for his two children. He invariably discovers that all six cans are gone on the first day. Jones also purchases
3. Residents of your city are charged a fixed weekly fee of $6 for garbage collection. They are allowed to put out as many cans as they wish. The average household disposes of three cans of garbage
LO2 2. To earn extra money in the summer, you grow tomatoes and sell them at the farmers’ market for 30 cents per pound. By adding compost to your garden, you can increase your yield as shown in
1. The most you would be willing to pay for having a freshly washed car before going out on a date is $6. The smallest amount for which you would be willing to wash someone else’s car is $3.50.
LO5 5. Is the nonrefundable tuition payment you made to your university this semester a sunk cost? How would your answer differ if your university were to offer a full tuition refund to any student
LO5 4. Many people think of their air travel as being free when they use frequent-flyer coupons. Explain why these people are likely to make wasteful travel decisions.
LO4 3. Why might someone who is trying to decide whether to see a movie be more likely to focus on the $10 ticket price than on the $20 she would fail to earn by not babysitting?
LO2 2. True or false: Your willingness to drive downtown to save $30 on a new appliance should depend on what fraction of the total selling price $30 is. Explain.
1. A friend of yours on the tennis team says, “Private tennis lessons are definitely better than group lessons.” Explain what you think he means by this statement. Then use the Cost-Benefit
5. The pitfall of ignoring implicit costs. 6. The pitfall of failing to weigh costs and benefits at the margin.
4. The pitfall of measuring costs and benefits as proportions rather than as absolute dollar amounts.
3. The Incentive Principle, which says that if you want to predict people’s behavior, a good place to start is by examining their incentives.
2. The Cost-Benefit Principle, which says that an action should be taken if, but only if, its benefit is at least as great as its cost.
1. The Scarcity Principle, which says that having more of any good thing necessarily requires having less of something else.
A key objective in this chapter is to help you think strategically about persuading others. In persuasion literature a number of research studies have explored personality characteristics that
Over the next week, watch news programs or scan the Facebook page of friends and/or family members who have different views than you do on social, national, or international issues. What persuasive
Especially when listening to national-level politicians speak, see whether you can determine the truth and accuracy of what they say. Then Google one of the factchecking services, such as
Which is not an ethical standard to follow when preparing and delivering a persuasive presentation?a. Accurately cite sources when the words are not your own.b. Respect sources of information by
In the Monroe Motivated Sequence, the visualization step includesa. gaining and maintaining audience attention.b. presenting information or a solution to audience needs.c. asking the audience to take
Which of the following statements regarding argument organization is true?a. Place your best argument in the middle.b. Present one side of an issue to reduce the effects of contrary arguments.c.
You can rebut a deductive argument by questioning thea. major premise.b. clarity of the proposition.c. quality of individual instances.d. place where the inferential leap occurs.
Which type of argument uses a series of individual instances that lead to a generalization?a. deductivec. rebuttalb. inductived. syllogism
When resisting persuasion from salespeople and advertisers, you should do all the following excepta. avoid using your own values as a check against fraudulent claims.b. listen to all messages while
If your evidence meets the tests of evidence, it will do all the following excepta. come from unbiased sources.b. be consistent with other well-known facts.c. overlook counterevidence.d. consist of
When a presenter attempts to convince listeners to stop a current behavior, what has taken place?a. discontinuancec. continuanceb. adoptiond. deterrence
If an audience likes you and your message less after the presentation than they did before, what term correctly describes what has taken place?a. source credibility reversalb. believability impassec.
The intention of a persuasive presentation is toa. inform listeners of a certain topic.b. change listeners’ minds or behavior.c. explain a concept.d. describe an important issue.
Using your informative speech topic, identify potential approaches to adapt your speech to each of the various learning-style preferences discussed in this chapter.Based on your class, which of these
Assume that you are speaking to a group of potential students who are interested in your major (or what is likely to become your major). Based on your knowledge of the major, how could you create
simplify or clarify ideas while stimulating audience attention, and shows the audience what you are explaining.a. Explanations; demonstratingb. Definitions; narratingc. Descriptions; demonstratingd.
When organizing the content of your presentation, you shoulda. keep the topic a mystery until the body of the speech.b. use transitions to increase understanding.c. let the audience decide which
Which of the following is not a guideline to follow when choosing the content of your presentation?a. Use relatively simple words, because they are easier to understand.b. Tell the audience early in
When you are presenting information to an audience, your topic’s importance, novelty, and usefulness constitute a key factor known asa. information relevance.b. information hunger.c. informative
Asking rhetorical questions and arousing curiosity are two ways a speaker can createa. behavioral purposes.b. topics for informative speeches.c. persuasive messages.d. information hunger.
The first step in planning your presentation should bea. asking a few people questions after the presentation is complete.b. teaching or informing your audience.c. determining what objectives you
If audiences are able to describe information or define words related to your topic during and after a presentation, you have successfully accomplished youra. demonstration.b. immediate behavioral
Which is not an appropriate topic for an informative presentation?a. CPR techniquesb. animals and their positive effects on the elderlyc. wedding traditionsd. everyone should donate blood
How do you make an informational topic interesting to the audience?a. Relate your own experiences with the subject.b. Avoid telling stories of your own experiences with the subject.c. Maintain the
The goal of informative presentations is toa. induce change in the audience.b. discourage the audience from taking action.c. increase an audience’s knowledge or understanding of a topic.d. identify
Select a section in this chapter and create an infographic that could be used to teach someone else how to improve his or her delivery, manage communication apprehension, or use visual aids. As you
How would you describe your use of gestures? Do they tend to be more open or closed? Do they vary depending on the type of communication situation? What could you do to improve your use of gestures?
The rule of thirds divides a slide into how many hot zones?a. 1b. 2c. 3d. 4
When using PowerPoint, you shoulda. use a lot of text on each slide.b. move the slides quickly, because the audience will get bored.c. vary your slides to keep the presentation interesting.d. utilize
Why are visual resources used?a. Speakers do not need to prepare as much because they can just read their PowerPoint.b. They are appropriate for all types of speeches.c. People tend to learn and
If you are nervous or anxious about giving your presentation, you may be experiencinga. gestures.b. communication apprehension.c. cognitive modification.d. audience adaptation.
With regard to movement, the speaker shoulda. pace back and forth.b. move without purpose.c. move backward when introducing an important point.d. avoid turning his or her back to the audience.
Gestures are movements of the head, arms, and handsa. used to improve source credibility.b. that appear rehearsed and out of rhythm.c. used to illustrate, emphasize, or signal ideas.d. that convey a
is the highness or lowness of a speaker’s voice, and is the smoothness of delivery and flow of words.a. Volume; rateb. Pitch; fluencyc. Rate; vocal varietyd. Pitch; enunciation
“Ummmms” or “aahhhs” that disrupt a speaker’s fluency are termeda. vocalized pauses.b. enunciation.c. articulation.d. pitch.
A disadvantage of a presentation delivered in the memorized method isa. the need to create carefully prepared notes.b. a lack of practice.c. a lack of eye contact.d. the removal of spontaneity and
Which method of delivery encourages you to improvise and speak without previous research or preparation?a. extemporaneousb. impromptuc. manuscriptd. memorized
This chapter helps you learn how to organize presentations.A significant body of literature in communication and education addresses the issue of “clarity” in academic settings.Although nearly
What happens on morning talk shows when the hosts wish to change subjects? Do they transition smoothly or simply announce the next topic? As a listener, which do you prefer?
Using the suggestions from the text, how would you begin your speech in order to gain the audience’s attention if your speech topic was movies? Your university? Problems of the world, such as war,
A reference list isa. a list of the sources that you might have considered to use in your presentation.b. ideas that you do not want to forget as you are preparing your presentation.c. a list of
Reminding the audience of the speech’s central idea and main points, specifying what is expected of audience members, and ending soundly are functions of thea. introduction.b. transitions.c.
Which of the following helps speakers move from one idea to another by reviewing, stating a relationship, and forecasting?a. transitionsb. signpostsc. subpointsd. goals
When a presenter explains a progression of events in chronological order, he or she is most likely using which organizational pattern?a. time-sequenceb. cause/effectc. problem/solutiond.
If you were giving a speech about the parking problem at your university with possible means to resolve it, which organizational pattern would be best?a. time-sequenceb. cause/effectc.
Which type of outline consists mostly of important words or phrases but not complex information?a. main pointb. sentencec. key-wordd. cause/effect pattern
Which of the following statements is not true with regard to outlining?a. It uses symbols, margins, and content to reveal the order, importance, and substance of a presentation.b. All items of
When developing the body of a speech, you musta. select, prioritize, and organize information.b. write your introduction first.c. use as much information as possible.d. utilize sources but not cite
Stating your purpose in the introductiona. is necessary because informative speeches do not invite learning, and this is your only opportunity to explain.b. is unnecessary, because the audience will
Which function of the introduction shows how the topic is related to the audience?a. gaining and maintaining audience attentionb. arousing audience interestc. stating the purpose or thesisd.
Effective speakers use a variety of types of supporting materials and research in their speeches. The scale created for this chapter helps you assess your strengths and weaknesses in using various
Using a news site like CNN, Fox, or MSNBC, watch a video of a news story. List each source that was identified in the story, and take note of how the source was introduced to the viewer. How did the
Using the Internet, pick a topic and find two sources that could be used to provide information on the topic. One source should be high in credibility, and the other should be low in credibility.
To develop high expertise, research suggests that your experience shoulda. take as few hours as possible.b. involve instant feedback.c. maintain basic skills.d. avoid repetition.
Which type of supporting material includes written or oral statements of others’ experiences?a. examplesb. testimonial evidencec. numbers and statisticsd. definitions

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