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industrial organizational psychology understanding the workplace

Questions and Answers of Industrial Organizational Psychology Understanding The Workplace

=+ How well do they represent the approaches to psychology discussed in the text?
=+ Are any perspectives over- or underrepresented? If so, why do you think that is?
=+3. In the directory for your school (or for another institution), look up the psychology faculty. Select several faculty members and see
=+what the areas of specialization are for each person. (Be careful:their specialty areas may not be the same as the classes they teach.)
=+How do you think their areas of academic training might affect the way they teach their classes?
=+4. Human beings evolved long ago in a very different environment than we occupy today. The survivors were those who were most able to endure extremely difficult circumstances, struggling to find
=+Are those traits still adaptive? To what specific environments are humans adapting today?
=+5. Adopt Wilhelm Wundt’s approach to understanding the human mind and behavior. Invite three friends to listen to a piece of music, and then ask them to reflect on the experience. Examine
=+what each of them say about various aspects of the music. What does this exercise tell you about the subjectivity of introspection?
=+In what ways do you think the method is worthwhile, and in what ways is it limited?
=+1. What are the five steps in the scientific method?
=+2. What is an operational definition, and what is its value in a study?
=+3. What is a meta-analysis? Why do researchers use this procedure?
=+1. What were the variables of interest in this study?
=+2. How did the study operationally define these variables?
=+3. Why is this a correlational study?
=+4. Job concluded that these data support the notion that negative mood relates to helping. Is this conclusion justified, in your opinion? Why or why not?
=+5. Identify at least one third variable that might explain the results of this study.
=+1. Define descriptive, correlational, and experimental research.
=+2. Explain why correlation is not the same as causation.
=+3. What is the difference between an experimental group and a control group?
=+1. What is a population in a research study? What is a sample?
=+2. What is the difference between a random sample and random assignment?
=+3. What are two common physical settings for research?
=+1. Despite the natural setting, this was an experiment. Why?
=+2. What was the independent variable, and what was its operational definition?
=+3. What was the dependent variable, and what was its operational definition?
=+4. Why is it important that the second confederate was “blind” to the mood condition?
=+5. Why were the employees assigned to mood condition randomly?
=+6. The store management was aware of the study, but the employees were not. Do you think the experiment was ethical? Why or why not?
=+1. What is meant by a measure of central tendency? Name three measures of central tendency.
=+2. What do measures of dispersion describe?
=+3. What does standard deviation measure?
=+• Does it matter that the statistics we use were developed in the service of White supremacy?
=+• Is it okay to use tools developed for racist ends for research today? If not, what are the alternatives?
=+1. What two things do the ethical principles used in research seek to balance?
=+2. With respect to the participants in a study, what do the various ethical guidelines covering research all fundamentally seek to protect?
=+3. Define four key issues do the APA’s ethics guidelines address.
=+1. For what reasons are media reports on psychological studies often problematic?
=+2. Why is it wise to look beyond the conclusions of just one research study?
=+3. How does the submission of research findings to a respectable academic journal aid both researchers and the public?
=+1. Briefly describe Pennebaker’s initial correlational study comparing two groups of individuals who had lost a spouse.
=+2. What did Pennebaker’s subsequent experimental research show?
=+3. What does the accumulated body of evidence indicate about the effects of expressive writing on health?
=+1. It’s time to get out those old photos from the prom, wedding, or family reunion and see just how happy people were (or weren’t).Look at some pictures from your own life and see who was
=+2. Is an old diary or journal of yours hanging around somewhere?
=+Pull it out and take a look at what you wrote. Count up your positive emotion words or negative emotion words. Are there themes in your writings from years ago that are still relevant to your life
=+ Does looking at your own writings change the way you might think about the results of the Nun Study? Explain.
=+3. What are some positive and negative correlations that you have observed in your own experience? What are some third variables
=+that might explain these relationships? Do you think these relationships may be causal? How would you design an experiment to test that possibility?
=+4. In the next few days, look through several news sources for reports about psychological research. Also notice what you find on the Internet and on television about psychology. Apply the
=+for being a wise consumer of information about psychology to these media reports.
=+5. Pick a topic of interest to you and define the variables. Then list as many ways to operationalize the variables as you can. Come up with at least one behavioral measure of the variable.
=+Would your topic be best studied using a correlational or an experimental method? How would you conduct the study?
=+1. What are the major structures and functions found in the hindbrain, midbrain, and forebrain?
=+2. What functions can be localized in particular areas of cortex?
=+1. How are the spinal nerves organized once they exit the cord?
=+2. How are the structures of the sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous systems well suited to their functions?
=+1. Given your understanding of the functions of the basal ganglia, why are these structures suspected of playing a role in attention deficit hyperactivity disorder
=+(ADHD) and obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD)?
=+2. Given your understanding of frontal lobe functions, what objectionable side effects might result from a frontal lobotomy?
=+3. What types of challenges facing human populations today might result in natural selection?
=+1. What are the different functions carried out by the macroglia and microglia?
=+2. What are the roles of the dendrites and dendritic spines, and what structural features enable them to carry out these functions?
=+1. How do diffusion and electrostatic pressure account for the chemical composition of intracellular and extracellular fluids when the neuron is at rest?
=+2. How do neurons signal stimulus intensity given that the action potential is all-or-none?
=+1. Why would presynaptic neurons benefit from having autoreceptors?
=+2. What are the advantages to presynaptic inhibition and facilitation?
=+1. If you were designing a neural system that had to respond quickly over long distances, what characteristics would you want your axons to have?
=+2. If two equally active synapses are located on a distant dendrite and on the cell body, which will have the greatest effect on the axon hillock, and why? What is the likelihood that this cell
=+3. In multiple sclerosis, axons that were meant to be myelinated lose their myelin.
=+In what ways would signaling in these axons be even less effective than in axons designed to be unmyelinated?
=+1. How are neurotransmitters, neuromodulators, and neurohormones similar to and different from one another?
=+2. What are some of the distinctive features of receptors for ACh, dopamine, glutamate, and GABA?
=+1. What activities at the synapse are affected by drugs?
=+1. What are the bases for individual responses to drugs?
=+2. Which drugs reverse the action of transporters?
=+1. Amino acids, due to their simplicity and ready availability, probably served as the original chemical messengers. What advantages might have led to the evolution of more complex types of
=+2. With further advances in our understanding of the human genome, we may be able to identify individuals with higher vulnerability to addiction to particular drugs.
=+What ethical issues would face a society that had this ability? What policies, if any, would you recommend?
=+3. Which commonly used drug do you think is the safest? The most dangerous? State your reasons.
=+1. In what ways are the sex chromosomes different from the other 22 pairs of human chromosomes?
=+2. How do heredity and environmental factors interact to produce the phenotype of an individual?
=+1. What factors are responsible for the early differentiation of cells in the nervous system?
=+2. How do activity and experience fine-tune the connections of the developing brain?
=+1. What aspect of adolescent brain development appears to be particularly abnormal in cases of schizophrenia?
=+2. What is the difference between healthy brain aging and the absence of disease?
=+1. How would you respond to the following statement by neuroscientist Simon Le Vay?
=+"When we have gained the power to manipulate our own physical and mental traits and those of our offspring, society will have to wrestle with profound
=+questions about what constitutes a normal human being, what kinds of human diversity are desirable or permissible, and who gets to make these decisions on behalf of whom:'
=+2. Based on your knowledge of the timeline of embryonic and fetal brain development,
=+what advice would you give to sexually active women of childbearing age?
=+1. What are the advantages of being able to see in the visible light spectrum as compared with other portions of the electromagnetic spectrum?
=+2. What do we mean by absorption, reflection, and refraction of light waves?
=+1. How would the size of a ganglion cell receptive field predict its ability to respond to fine detail?
=+2. Why is the input from each eye processed separately in the LGN and visual cortex?
=+1. How can contrast sensitivity functions {CSF) tell us what an organism can see?
=+2. What do cases of color deficiency teach us about the nature of color vision?
=+1. If you had to lose either your scotopic or photopic vision, which would you choose to give up and why? What would be the consequences of your choice?
=+2. If increasing numbers of ultraviolet rays reaching the earth favor the evolution of a more yellow lens, what effect might this have on the colors we perceive?

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