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industrial organizational psychology understanding the workplace

Questions and Answers of Industrial Organizational Psychology Understanding The Workplace

Despite the lack of direct evidence for the eect of pheromones in humans, there are many companies advertising pheromones as a “secret weapon” in dating.1. Do some research on pheromones and
What is the difference between the following types of arranged marriage? Discuss the following types.● Traditional● Delegation (or assisted)● Joint (or partnership)
Do you think online dating and social networking sites have improved our chances of nding true love?
1. A 90% successful prediction rate of divorce is a remarkable claim. Do you think it is possible to predict human behaviour?
2. Do you see any potential ethical concerns with Gottman’s work?
3. Evaluate his research methods. Do you think the use of both qualitative and quantitative research methods strengthens his claim? What makes you say that?
● In pairs, write your own denition of the term “group”that you feel reects the myriad of groups present today.
What is the difference between competition and conict? Use the internet to help you research the question.
1. Contrast RGCT with the unied instrumental model of group conict.2. To what extent do you agree with the authors that social issues such as antiimmigration and terrorism can be explained in
Aggression, violence and conict are often used interchangeably.Find the denition of each of the above concepts and consider the dierences between them.Consider the use of these terms and how
1. In groups prepare an argument providing support for one of the above as an alternative explanation for the origins of conict.2. Hold a classroom discussion on the topic of conict and debate
● What drives self-sacrice and helping?
● Why do some people help when others donot?
● Do some cultures help more than others?
● How can societies encourage more prosocial behaviour?
Trivers (1971) gives several examples of reciprocal altruism from the animal world.Carry out research into examples of this such as bird and rodent warning calls and cleaning symbiosis in fish
Research August Comte, the man who coined the term “altruism”. Helping a crying child because the sound of a crying child is distressing to you is an example of egoistic helping. Helping a crying
Altruism has many denitions. Let’s use a strict denition: altruism is an act to help another person at a cost to the helper. We have spent time discussing whether helping behaviour is
● How can contact reduce conict?
● Why are men more violent than women?
● What is conict?
Social psychology aims to study participants in a realistic and natural environment. What ethical issues do you think researchers may face when studying topics such as group dynamics?
● What is prejudice?
● Why do people discriminate against others?
● How can stereotyping inuence decision-making?
● What factors inuence discrimination?
Read the short article “Anti-immigration bias” by Wagner et al (2010) for a contemporary review of related literature on this topic.1. What is the dierence between nationalism and patriotism?
Read the short article “Anti-immigration bias” by Wagner et al (2010) for a contemporary review of related literature on this topic.2. To what extent can social identity theory explain
Read the short article “Anti-immigration bias” by Wagner et al (2010) for a contemporary review of related literature on this topic.3. How does the article suggest that relationships between the
What might be some of the ethical implications of the above studies in relation to stereotyping, prejudice and discrimination?
With a partner, try to analyse the situations identied above. Can you use the models and theories of prosocial behaviour and the bystander effect to explain why the two situations resulted in
=+5. Imagine that you are about to begin an internship in an organization where you would like to have a permanent position someday.Use the processes of observational learning to describe your
=+2. Which schedule of reinforcement is most similar to pop quizzes?
=+3. Which reinforcement schedule is most similar to regular tests on a course syllabus?
=+4. Which schedule of reinforcement would be best if you have very little time for training?
=+5. Which schedule of reinforcement do you think is most common in your own life? Why?
=+• What is the role of high-functioning autistic adults in the treatment of autism spectrum disorder?
=+• If you or someone you know is on the autism spectrum,
=+what is your/that person’s view of the neurodiversity movement and ABA?
=+2. Define shaping and give two examples of it.
=+which one is associated with the most responses for the least amount of reward?
=+1. Which schedule of reinforcement represents the “most bang for the buck”? That is,
=+2. When is the CR strongest, and when is it weakest?
=+3. What happens to the US and CS during extinction, and how does this influence the CR?
=+4. Notice that spontaneous recovery occurs after a rest period. Why is this rest necessary?
=+5. In your own life, what are some conditioned stimuli that are attached to conditioned responses for you? Trace them through these steps
=+1. What is meant by an unconditioned stimulus (US) and an unconditioned response (UR)?In Pavlov’s experiments with dogs,
=+what were the US and the UR?
=+2. What is meant by a conditioned stimulus (CS) and a conditioned response (CR)? In Pavlov’s experiments with dogs, what were the CS and the CR?
=+3. What learning principle is illustrated by the Watson and Rayner study with baby Albert?
=+3. What is the difference between positive reinforcement and negative reinforcement?
=+ Between positive punishment and negative punishment?
=+2. What is the main effect of learned helplessness on an organism?
=+3. Why do individuals who are experiencing domestic violence often have difficulty overcoming their troubles?
=+1. Enlist some of your classmates to play this mind game on your professor. Every time your instructor moves to the right side of the room during lecture, be more attentive, smile, and nod. Start
=+right, give a smile or nod. See how far you can get the instructor to go using this simple reward. In one introductory psychology class, students got the professor to move all the way to the right
=+2. The next time you are alone with a friend, try your best to use shaping and the principles of operant conditioning to get the person to touch the tip of the nose. Can you do it?
=+3. Demonstrate Pavlov’s work with your friends. First buy some lemons and slice them. Then gather a group of friends to watch something on TV together, maybe the Academy Awards or the Super Bowl.
=+during the Oscars or a soft drink or beer ad during the Super Bowl. For the first half hour, everyone has to suck on a lemon slice (the US) when the CS is presented. After the first half hour, take
=+4. Positive reinforcement and negative reinforcement can be difficult concepts to grasp. The real-world examples and accompanying practice exercises on the following website should help to clarify
=+1. Based on research involving animal models, what are four ways in which human beings can reduce stress?
=+3. What is the difference between a fixed mindset and a growth mindset?
=+1. What are the four processes involved in observational learning?
=+2. What are two other names for observational learning?
=+3. What are vicarious reinforcement and vicarious punishment?
=+1. What did Tolman mean by the purposiveness of behavior?
=+2. How do expectancies develop through classical and operant conditioning?
=+3. Define latent learning and insight learning, and give an example of each.
=+1. What are two biological constraints on learning?
=+2. How does culture influence learning?
=+1. What happens to the unconditioned stimulus (US) and the conditioned stimulus (CS) during acquisition, and how does this influence the conditioned response (CR)?
=+3. What is observational learning?Give two examples of it.
=+1. Describe how the human body monitors the change from day to night.
=+2. What happens during each of the five stages of sleep?
=+3. According to researchers, what functions does sleep play in infants and children? What functions does it play in adolescents?
=+1. Do some research to find out about the social and cultural climate in each of the decades represented. Who was president at the time, and what historical events occurred?How does adolescent drug
=+3. After the mid-1990s, all age groups showed a similar decline in drug use. Why might this pattern have occurred in all three groups?
=+4. What are the implications of using self-reports from children and adolescents to track their drug use?
=+Do you think each age group is similarly likely to report honestly, to overreport, or to underreport their drug use? Explain.
=+1. What are psychoactive drugs, and for what reasons do people use them?
=+6. Based on the night’s sleep illustrated here, has this sleeper achieved a good night’s rest? Why or why not?
=+5. Trace the rise and fall of the neurotransmitters acetylcholine, serotonin, and norepinephrine in the sleep cycles depicted.
=+2. What are controlled processes and automatic processes? In what level(s) of consciousness is each involved?
=+3. What is daydreaming, according to the text discussion?
=+• What would plants need to do to convince you they are conscious?
=+• Do computers have consciousness? Why or why not?
=+1. How many sleep cycles are presented?
=+2. What time does the sleeper wake up?
=+3. If awoken at 2 a.m., would the sleeper be likely to remember a dream? Explain.
=+4. How much time is this sleeper spending in slow-wave sleep?
=+2. Describe what stimulants and depressants are and give three examples of each.
=+3. What are hallucinogens? What are two common examples of hallucinogens?
=+you have had at least 8 hours of sleep in one night. What changes do you notice, and how do they compare with the changes predicted by research on sleep deprivation described in the chapter?
=+3. Keep a dream diary for a few days. When you wake up in the morning, immediately write down all that you can remember about your dreams. Have you had many bizarre or unusual dreams? Are there
=+4. Go on a caffeine hunt. Check out the ingredients for the beverages, painkillers, and snacks you typically consume. Which contain caffeine?
=+Are you surprised how much caffeine you ingest regularly?
=+5. Try out mindfulness meditation. Following the guidelines outlined in “Getting Started with Meditation,” meditate once a day for a week. Keep track of your mood, health, and behaviors over
=+How did mindfulness meditation work for you?
=+1. What is associative learning?
=+2. What is conditioning? What two types of conditioning have behavioral psychologists studied?

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