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industrial organizational psychology understanding the workplace

Questions and Answers of Industrial Organizational Psychology Understanding The Workplace

3. If you are ever the victim of an accident and there are many witnesses, what should you do to help ensure that one of the witnesses helps you?a. Scream for help.b. Remain quiet so as not to scare
2. Recently, one of the authors was sitting in her office when the fire alarms in her building went off. To her amazement, everyone seemed to ignore the alarms, and no one evacuated the building
1. What did Darley and Latané conclude about the witnesses in the Kitty Genovese murder case?a. Many of the witnesses were uncaring people, and that is why they failed to help.b. The witnesses were
3. Little Sabina wants to play with her sister’s doll, but her sister will not let Sabina have the doll. So Sabina hits her sister and takes the doll away while her sister cries. Sabina’s
2. Road rage incidents are more likely to occur in heavy traffic. This fact can best be explained as due to the increase in _____ that occurs among drivers in heavy traffic.a. frustrationb. fatiguec.
1. Which neurotransmitter has been implicated as possibly playing a role in aggressive behavior?a. Testosteroneb. Serotoninc. Dopamined. Estrogen
3. Which of the following compliance techniques best explains Milgram’s findings in his study on obedience?a. Foot-in-the-doorb. Door-in-the-facec. Reciprocityd. Low-balling
2. In Milgram’s original experiment, what was the dependent variable?a. The level of distress experienced by the“teachers”b. The number of times the “teachers” complained about shocking the
1. You want your friend to lend you $50. If you want to use the door-in-the-face compliance technique to ensure that your friend will comply with your request, what should you do?a. First ask for
3. What do groupthink and deindividuation have in common?a. They both involve persuasion.b. They both are more common in individualistic cultures.c. They both involve cognitive dissonance.d. They
2. Bill is working on a group project for his psychology class. To Bill’s dismay, some of his fellow group members haven’t contributed very much to the project, leaving Bill to do most of the
1. When Hongyong behaved submissively even though she wanted to speak her mind, because she didn’t want to violate the norms of her culture, her behavior was an example of ___________.a.
3. Which of the following statements is true?a. Women are unconcerned with physical attractiveness when choosing a romantic partner.b. Women and men are equally interested in physical attractiveness
2. Attractive people are assumed to be all of the following things, except _____.a. interestingb. sociablec. proudd. nurturant
1. Based on the available psychological research, you are most likely to end up in a romantic relationship with _____________.a. a neighbor who shares your valuesb. a person from another state who
4. To study the mechanics of prejudice, Dr. Williams spends 6 months sitting in 50 racially diverse college classrooms across the University System of Georgia.While in class, Dr. Williams records
3. Which of the following is the best example of cooperative contact?a. Teachers supervising students taking a math testb. A manager meeting with employees to discuss sales figuresc. A police officer
2. Relative to in-group members, we tend to view outgroup members as being _____.a. less like usb. less favorablec. more homogeneousd. All of the above
1. Kelly is a manager at a firm that has been troubled by considerable prejudice between its male and female employees. Kelly wants to institute a program that will reduce the level of prejudice
3. Jasper was quick to assume that Susan was intelligent when he saw that she earned an A on her last psychology exam. However, when Jasper earned an A on his history test, he was not so quick to
2. Which of the following people would be least likely to exhibit the fundamental attribution error?a. Henri from Canadab. Hongyong from Koreac. Lamont from the United Statesd. Greta from Germany
1. Our tendency to overuse trait attributions and to ignore the situational influences on behavior is known as the __________.a. fundamental attribution errorb. self-serving biasc. social
4. The hypothesis: “The effectiveness of a persuasive argument depends on the style of thinking used by audience members” is an example of a ___________ hypothesis.a. nullb. predictivec. causald.
3. Thelma recently discovered that her favorite actress supports a radical political group that Thelma despises. According to cognitive dissonance theory, what is most likely to happen in this
2. A politician is attempting to persuade people to vote for her in an upcoming election. With which of the following types of arguments would you expect her to have the most success in winning over
1. If Mike wishes to make the best possible decision about how to vote in the upcoming presidential election, he should watch the presidential debates while processing on the _________.a. central
10.8 Describe the factors that influence helping
10.8 Describe the steps involved in deciding whether to help another. (APA 1.1, 1.3, 3.2, 3.3)
10.7 Describe how biology, learning, and situational factors affect aggression. (APA 1.1, 1.3, 3.2, 3.3)
10.7 Define aggression and its different types.(APA 1.1, 1.3)
10.6 Describe obedience, destructive obedience, and the factors that affect our tendency to obey.(APA 1.1, 1.2, 1.3, 3.3)
10.6 Describe the process of compliance and commonly used compliance techniques. (APA 1.1, 1.3)
10.5 Describe how working in a group can affect both performance and decision making within the group.(APA 1.1, 1.3, 3.2)
10.5 Describe the factors that affect our tendency to conform to the norms of a group. (APA 1.1, 1.2, 1.3, 3.2)
10.5 Describe how cohesiveness and norms function within groups. (APA 1.1, 1.2, 1.3, 3.2)
10.4 Describe the factors affecting attraction: proximity, exposure, similarity, and physical attractiveness.(APA 1.1, 1.3, 3.2)
10.3 Describe ways to reduce prejudice. (APA 1.1, 1.2, 1.3, 3.2, 3.3)
10.3 Explain how prejudice develops. (APA 1.1, 1.2, 1.3, 3.2, 3.3)
10.3 Define and distinguish among prejudice, stereotypes, discrimination, and stereotype threat.(APA 1.1, 1.3, 3.2, 3.3)
10.2 Describe the common heuristics and biases that affect the attribution process. (APA 1.1, 1.3)
10.2 Explain how we form impressions about ourselves and others by making attributions. (APA 1.1, 1.3, 3.2)
10.1 Describe the major theories of persuasion and how the communicator, the message, and the audience affect persuasion. (APA 1.1, 1.2, 1.3, 2.1)
10.1 Describe cognitive dissonance theory, and explain the role of dissonance in attitude change.(APA 1.1, 1.2, 1.3)
10.1 Describe attitudes, how they develop, and how they affect behavior. (APA 1.1, 1.3)
4. Explain how the aging trends described in this chapter relate to the information on sensation and perception discussed in Chapter 3. Consider the physical structure of the sense organs as well as
3. Use each of the different psychological perspectives introduced in Chapter 1 to explain career choice in adulthood.
2. How might operant conditioning (Chapter 6) influence children’s understanding of gender? In your opinion, are males and females reinforced for the same behaviors?Do they receive the same
1. Review the information on memory processing (Chapter 7) and problem solving (Chapter 8). What strategies and activities would Piaget and Vygotsky suggest are best for improving children’s memory
6. Spend an hour watching television shows aimed at children, playing children’s video or online games, or using computer programs developed for children.What messages, schemas, or concepts will
5. Describe what you feel are benefits to aging into middle and later adulthood and give examples to support your arguments.
4. Imagine that you have just been told that you are going to have a baby. Use your knowledge about infant physical, cognitive, and psychosocial development to design a nursery for your baby. Create
3. For each of Erikson’s psychosocial stages, detail what specific behaviors may suggest that an individual is having difficulty resolving that particular stage.
2. Analyze your parent(s)’ style of discipline during your childhood. How would Baumrind classify their parenting style? How well did their style complement your temperament? What impact do you
1. At what age would you introduce your child to the following games and toys? Defend your reasoning by considering physical, cognitive, and psychosocial aspects of development.A board game Building
20. Pilar’s partner died a week ago and she is in the impact stage of grief. What emotions is Pilar most likely feeling?a. Numbness and shockb. Deep despair and agonyc. Anxiety and feelings of
19. Marital satisfaction is associated with .a. similar educational backgroundb. warm and positive extended family relationshipsc. secure financial circumstancesd. All of the above
18. As she was studying the chapter on development, Ellie had to learn several interrelated ideas that would help her explain and make predictions about development.Ellie was learning .a.
17. The development of one’s personal values and character is referred to as .a. industryb. integrityc. generativityd. identity
16. Tomas believes that there is only one right answer or single solution to a situation. Tomas is engaging in.a. dualistic thinkingb. relativistic thinkingc. postformal thoughtd. All of the above
15. Consuelo dresses and acts like a girl. She feels that she is a female. This describes Consuelo’s .a. gender roleb. gender identityc. gender typingd. gender bias
14. Older adults evaluate how satisfying their lives have been in Erikson’s psychosocial crisis of .a. identity versus role confusionb. intimacy versus isolationc. generativity versus stagnationd.
13. Which part of the brain is among the last to fully develop during adolescence and young adulthood?a. Cerebellumb. Amygdalac. Pituitary glandd. Prefrontal cortex
12. While at the state fair, Cicily remains close to her dad and does not explore the games or rides. She shows extreme distress if her dad leaves her side.Cicily most likely has a(n) attachment
11. As a baby, Reece did not cry a lot, regularly approached new people and situations, and had a regular pattern of eating and sleeping. Reece’s temperament is best described as .a. easyb.
10. Jamal sees two differently shaped glasses filled with liquid. He recognizes that even though they look different, the glasses hold the same amount of liquid.Piaget would say that Jamal is
9. Some students think it is wrong to cheat because they could get caught and punished. Such students are operating at the level of moral reasoning.a. preconventionalb. conventionalc.
8. Ms. Lucy, the kindergarten teacher, tries her best to coach her students by making each task somewhat more difficult than the last and modeling how best to approach each task. Ms. Lucy’s
7. Pablo sees a dolphin for the first time and exclaims,“Fishy, Daddy!” Pablo is engaging in the cognitive process of .a. assimilationb. accommodationc. scaffoldingd. formal operations
6. Which of the following stimuli do infants prefer to look at?a. Circlesb. Colorsc. Facesd. Machines
5. Learning how to skip, jump on a trampoline, or ride a bike are examples of motor skills.a. grossb. finec. bigd. scaffolding
4. serve as the foundation for behaviors such as walking, eating, crying, smiling, and grasping.a. Temperamentsb. Attachmentsc. Formal operationsd. Reflexes
3. are environmental factors, such as alcohol or cleaning fluids, that may cause birth defects.a. Chromosomesb. Teratogensc. Sensitive periodsd. Myelins
2. Organs and systems form during the stage of prenatal development.a. zygoteb. germinalc. embryonicd. fetal
1. Enrique believes that genes are primarily responsible for development. He is emphasizing the .a. nurture side of the nature-nurture issueb. nature side of the nature-nurture issuec. influence of
3. The most intense emotional reactions to the loss of a loved one typically occur during which grief phase?a. Impactb. Shockc. Confrontationd. Accommodation
2. Our emotional reaction to the loss of a loved one is called _____.a. bereavementb. griefc. bargainingd. reality shock
1. Caryn has just started chemotherapy to treat breast cancer. Each day she prays that she will be a better person if she is given a second chance and recovers from her illness. Which Kübler-Ross
5. “Reality shock” is most likely to happen during which phase of career development?a. Specification phaseb. Establishment phasec. Implementation phased. Deceleration phase
4. Parents’ marital satisfaction tends to _____ when their children enter middle school.a. increaseb. decreasec. marginally get betterd. stay the same
3. Which of the following is false in regard to social relations in adulthood?a. Cohabitation rates have increased over the past decade.b. More males than females report being happily married.c.
2. Which of the following statements is false?a. Emerging adulthood occurs for all young people.b. Emerging adulthood prolongs identity development.c. Emerging adulthood typically occurs in one’s
1. According to Erikson, feeling that you have made important contributions to society will lead to a sense of _____.a. integrityb. generativityc. industryd. identity
3. Which one of the following mental abilities shows the least amount of decline after age 25?a. Inductive reasoningb. Numeric abilityc. Perceptual speedd. Reaction time
2. When at the mall with her friends, Maria acts as if everyone is watching her. Maria’s behavior is an example of _____.a. egocentrismb. an imaginary audiencec. idealismd. a personal fable
1. The idea that a correct solution (or solutions) may vary depending on the circumstances is called _____.a. dualistic thinkingb. egocentrismc. postformal thoughtd. formal operations
3. Which of the following lists the brain structures in the correct order in which they change (from earliest to latest) in adolescence?a. Cerebellum, prefrontal cortex, amygdalab. Cerebellum,
2. Andre, a 65-year-old man, is likely to experience all of the following as the result of aging except _____.a. weight lossb. andropausec. loss in visual acuityd. hearing loss for low-pitched tones
1. Research suggests that early maturation during puberty may show a negative association with males' and females' self image. Which of the following conclusions can be drawn from this finding?a.
5. Which of the following statements about gender-role development is false?a. At 3 years old, toddlers can label their gender.b. At 4 years old, preschoolers have gender permanence.c. At 6 years
4. Jose is a very active toddler who prefers to do things by himself. According to Erikson, Jose appears to be successfully resolving which developmental crisis?a. Trust versus mistrustb. Autonomy
3. Of the different styles of parenting, _____ parenting seems to result in the best developmental outcomes for most children.a. authoritativeb. authoritarianc. permissive-indulgentd.
2. In the strange situation procedure, a baby who clings to the mother while she is present and who shows extreme distress when the mother leaves would be exhibiting which style of attachment?a.
1. As a child Hongyong was described as willful and strong. If as a baby she had difficulty adapting to new situations and showed intense negative emotions, her temperament would best be described as
5. Kayla, a 4-year-old, shares her toys with June so that June will also share her toys. At what level of Kohlberg’s theory is she operating?a. Preconventionalb. Formal operationsc. Conventionald.
4. Zahara can pull her pants on but has not yet mastered how to button them. Zahara’s behavior best exemplifies which developmental concept?a. Private speechb. Zone of proximal developmentc.
3. Pedro has four nickels in his pocket. His sister has a dollar. Pedro thinks he has more than his sister because it looks like and feels like more. Pedro is most likely in Piaget’s ___ stage of
2. Simone sees a military tank on the highway and confidently calls it a “truck.” According to Piaget, which process is Simone engaged in?a. Disequilibriumb. Private speechc. Assimilationd.
1. Which of the following statements about infants’sensory abilities is false?a. Infants prefer looking at complex, high-contrast stimuli.b. Infants have functioning taste buds at birth.c. Infants
3. Children in preschool learn how to use scissors in order to help develop their _________ skills.a. gross motorb. fine motorc. reflexd. locomotive
2. The rooting reflex is to eating as the grasping reflex is to _________.a. locomotionb. crawlingc. gross motor skillsd. prehension

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