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industrial organizational psychology understanding the workplace

Questions and Answers of Industrial Organizational Psychology Understanding The Workplace

1. In the United States, men have been shown to have greater age-related hearing loss than women have.One explanation for this is that men tend to work around noisy machinery more often than women
3. You have just returned to a darkened theater after a trip to the concession stand. Now you have a problem—you can’t find your seat in the dark.Knowing what you do about vision, which of the
2. Which theory best explains why Sara would see flashes of red light after 8 hours of working on a computer monitor that has a green and black screen?a. The opponent-process theoryb. The
1. Juan was born with no cones in his retina. As a result, he is completely color-blind. Juan’s doctor published a paper in which he discussed how Juan’s complete color blindness seems to have
3. According to Weber’s law, the amount of increase in the intensity of a stimulus needed to produce a just noticeable difference (jnd) is a function of the original intensity of the stimulus. To
2. If your tea already tastes sweet to you, the minimum amount of sugar that you would have to add to your tea to make it taste sweeter corresponds to your.a. just noticeable difference (jnd)b.
1. Jerry wants to sweeten his iced tea. He adds 1 teaspoon of sugar, but the tea does not taste sweet to him. When Jerry adds one more teaspoon of sugar, he finds that the tea now tastes sweet—but
3.6 Explain how culture affects perception. (APA 1.1, 1.2, 2.5)
3.6 Describe some of the common perceptual errors and illusions we experience, and explain their causes.(APA 1.1, 1.2, 2.1)
3.5 Describe the process of shape and form perception.(APA 1.1, 1.2)
3.5 Give an overview of perceptual constancy theories and how we perceive depth. (APA 1.1, 1.2)
3.5 Describe top-down and bottom-up perceptual processing, and explain the differences between them. (APA 1.1, 1.2, 2.1)
3.4 Explain the processes involved in taste, smell, touch, and the body senses. (APA 1.1, 1.2)
3.3 Be able to locate the outer, middle, and inner ear;list their major structures; and describe their roles in hearing. (APA 1.1, 1.2)
3.3 Describe the physical properties of sound and how they relate to what we hear. (APA 1.1, 1.2)
3.2 Explain how we adapt to light and dark, how we see color, and how the brain processes what we see.(APA 1.1, 1.2)
3.2 Describe the anatomy of the eye and the layers of the retina and how they function. (APA 1.1, 1.2)
3.2 Describe the physical properties of light—wavelength, amplitude, and the visible spectrum—and how they relate to human vision. (APA 1.1, 1.2)
3.1 Explain the concepts of absolute threshold, just noticeable difference (jnd), subliminal perception, and extrasensory perception. (APA 1.1, 2.1)
4. What questions would a developmental psychologist be most interested in asking about the nervous system?
3. Discuss the ethical considerations involved in using brain stimulation for studying the brains of animals.
2. You want to test the hypothesis that low levels of serotonin are related to obesity in humans. Which type(s) of research design(s) would you not want to use? Why?
1. Design an experiment to test the hypothesis that the amygdala plays a role in the processing of emotional memories.
4. Your best friend’s grandmother has just suffered a stroke. This stroke has left her with an inability to speak, but she can still understand what others say to her. She also has paralysis on the
3. Your best friend is interested in what you are learning in your psychology class. He asks you to explain how the endocrine system differs from the nervous system. What would you tell him?
2. If a person were injected with a drug that blocked the action of acetylcholine in the brain, what would you expect to happen?
1. Jean-Dominique Bauby was still able to think, feel, and remember the events of his life after a stroke left him in a permanent state of locked-in syndrome. Now that you know something about the
20. Auditory information is processed in the lobe of the brain.a. temporalb. occipitalc. parietald. frontal
19. A split-brain operation is done to control .a. seizuresb. depressionc. schizophreniad. pain
18. Male sex hormones are called .a. estrogensb. androgensc. endorphinsd. adrenalines
17. During times of stress, the endocrine system is most likely to release .a. GABAb. estrogensc. adrenalined. dopamine
16. Which of the following techniques would tell us the most about the size of specific brain structures?a. PET scanb. fMRIc. EEGd. Brain stimulation
15. Damage to the left temporal lobe would likely produce what effect?a. An inability to produce speechb. Paralysis on the right side of the bodyc. Broca’s aphasiad. Wernicke’s aphasia
14. Yumiko was in a car accident in which she incurred massive damage to her left frontal lobe. What types of impairments would you most expect to see in Yumiko as a result of this damage?a.
13. The allows the right and left hemispheres of the brain to communicate.a. ponsb. medullac. corpus callosumd. limbic system
12. Loss of balance and coordination when drunk is most likely due to alcohol’s effects on which part of the brain?a. Thalamusb. Hippocampusc. Cerebellumd. Broca’s area
11. Our ability to detect anger and fear in others is likely influenced by which part of the brain?a. Hippocampusb. Amygdalac. Thalamusd. Hypothalamus
10. The frontal lobe of the brain contains the cortex.a. somatosensoryb. auditoryc. motord. visual
9. Rashid cut his finger while cooking. Which neurotransmitter/neuromodulator would be most useful in alleviating his pain?a. Dopamineb. Endorphinc. Norepinephrined. GABA
8. An inhibitory neurotransmitter makes the postsynaptic neuron likely to fire an action potential by making the inside of the postsynaptic neuron more .a. more; positiveb. less; positivec. more;
7. Billy was in a car accident and sustained head injuries. Some of the injury occurred in areas of the brain that use glutamate. The damage caused the glutamate, the chief excitatory
6. Drugs that are used to treat depression often the action of in the brain.a. increase; serotoninb. decrease; serotoninc. increase; GABAd. decrease; GABA
5. There tends to be a(n) of in the brains of people with Alzheimer’s disease.a. excess; dopamineb. lack; dopaminec. excess; acetylcholined. lack; acetylcholine
4. Sara slipped and nearly fell while walking down the stairs. The increased heart rate and blood pressure that accompanied Sara’s fear at almost falling were most likely due to activation of
3. Neurotransmitters can be found in the of the neuron.a. axonb. myelinc. axon bulbd. dendrites
2. When the potential of a neuron hits its threshold of excitation at , it will fire an action potential.a. 255 mvb. 155 mvc. 270 mvd. 170 mv
1. The system is an electrochemical system of communication in the body.a. nervousb. endocrinec. hormonald. All of the above
3. Juanita was just frightened by a snake. Which of the following endocrine glands most likely played the biggest role in her response to stress?a. Testesb. Adrenal cortexc. Ovariesd. Adrenal medulla
2. A malfunction in which of the following endocrine glands would be most disruptive to the overall functioning of the endocrine system?a. Ovaries/testesb. Thalamusc. Pituitaryd. Adrenal
1. The releases male sex hormones in the body.a. adrenal cortexb. adrenal medullac. hippocampusd. ovary
3. Which of the following techniques for studying the brain does not yield information on the activity that is taking place in the brain?a. MRIb. fMRIc. PET scand. EEG
2. Which of the following technologies for studying the brain is most invasive and therefore used only when absolutely necessary in humans?a. fMRIb. Brain stimulationc. PET scansd. CAT scans
1. Doctors and researchers often use EEG on sleeping participants. What is this technology most likely to tell them about the participant’s brain?a. It will tell them whether or not some of the
4. Bauby’s story is an example of a(n) and as such, it is of limited scientific usefulness because.a. experiment; it has too many confounding variablesb. correlational study; it lacks a dependent
3. Juanita experienced a brain injury that left her with an inability to store new memories for events and concepts. Which part of Juanita’s brain was most likely damaged?a. Hippocampusb.
2. Billy had a stroke on the left side of his brain.Most of his left frontal lobe was destroyed. What symptoms would you most expect to see in Billy as a result of this damage?a. Paralysis on the
1. Damage to which of the following brain structures would be most likely to cause locked-in syndrome, such as seen in the case of Jean-Dominique Bauby?a. Frontal lobeb. Amygdalac. Ponsd. Hippocampus
3. The sensory neurons in your fingertips are part of the nervous system.a. centralb. peripheralc. autonomicd. sympathetic
2. Moving your arm is an example of a behavior that is governed by which branch of the nervous system?a. Somatic nervous systemb. Autonomic nervous systemc. Sympathetic nervous systemd.
1. Juanita was hiking in the woods when she stumbled upon a rattlesnake. Immediately after she saw the snake, which division of the nervous system was most likely in control of Juanita’s internal
3. Acetylcholine is thought to play a role in memory processing in the brain. Sasha has half her research participants drink an herbal tea that boosts the body’s ability to manufacture
2. Jackson is a normal, healthy adult man. Jackson’s brain likely contains more than any other neurotransmitter.a. glutamateb. GABAc. dopamined. acetylcholine
1. Lamont developed a disease that reduces the amount of serotonin in his brain. What symptoms would you expect Lamont to have?a. Hallucinationsb. Trouble with his motor skillsc. Symptoms of
3. Sara hypothesizes that taking a drug that increases a neurotransmitter, serotonin, in the brain will decrease anxiety. Sara’s hypothesis would be best tested with a(n) .a. naturalistic
2. Sabrina has contracted a disease that is destroying her myelin sheath. What effect would you expect this disease to have on the functioning of Sabrina’s nervous system?a. It will speed up the
1. Suki’s dentist gave her a drug that froze the sodium ion channels along Suki’s neural axons. What is the likely effect of this drug?a. Suki’s neurons will fire more action potentials than
2.6 Explain how the endocrine system works and describe the function of the endocrine glands.
2.5 Describe brain-imaging techniques and other ways we can study the brain, and explain their advantages and limitations. (APA 1.1, 1.2, 1.3)
2.4 Describe changes in the aging brain and what is known about protecting the brain as we age.(APA 1.1, 1.2, 1.3)
2.4 Be able to locate the hindbrain, midbrain, and forebrain; list their parts; and explain what they do.(APA 1.1, 1.2, 1.3)
2.3 Describe the major parts of the nervous system and the types of information they process.(APA 1.1, 1.2, 1.3)
2.2 List the major neurotransmitters/neuromodulators, and describe the functions they may influence.(APA 1.1, 1.2, 1.3)
2.1 Explain the processes of excitation and inhibition at the synapse. (APA 1.1, 1.2, 1.3)
2.1 Explain what an action potential is and how it moves down the axon and across the synapse.(APA 1.1, 1.2)
2.1 Describe the basic structure of a neuron, including the axon, dendrites, and synapse. (APA 1.1, 1.2)
4. Explain depression from each of the modern perspectives and using the eclectic approach. Use You Review:Anxiety from Modern Perspectives as a guide if you need help.
3. Suppose William James, Sigmund Freud, and John Watson had the opportunity to sit down and discuss the causes of behavior. What might this conversation sound like? On what issues might they agree?
2. Design a research study to test the idea that listening to rock music while studying facilitates learning.What type of hypothesis would you make? Could this idea be tested by naturalistic
1. Explain how you can apply the scientific method to decide on a college major or a career choice. Could this method also be used as part of your decisionmaking process when purchasing a large item
20. Today, who earns most of the doctorates in psychology?a. Menb. Womenc. African Americansd. Asian Americans
19. The first African American to earn a doctorate in psychology was .a. Karen Horneyb. Mary Calkinsc. Gilbert Haven Jonesd. Sidney Beckham
18. Dr. Grogan studies how psychological principles can be applied in the workplace. Dr. Grogan is most likely a(n) psychologist.a. industrial/organizationalb. clinicalc. sociald. health
17. Dr. Barrios is a psychologist who studies how people change over time. Dr. Barrios is most likely a psychologist.a. cognitiveb. biologicalc. sociald. developmental
16. Dr. Warren is a psychologist who studies chemicals in the brain. Dr. Warren is approaching psychology from the perspective.a. cognitiveb. eclecticc. biologicald. sociocultural
15. Which of the following is the most likely educational attainment of the majority of psychologists?a. Doctorate degreeb. Master’s degreec. Bachelor’s degreed. Associate’s degree
14. Many modern psychologists follow the approach to psychology, in that they do not adhere strictly to any one psychological perspective.a. pragmaticb. functionalc. commonsensed. eclectic
13. Dr. Babar is a psychologist who studies how people’s eating habits help them adapt to and survive in their environments. Dr. Babar is emphasizing which psychological perspective?a.
12. The perspective in psychology stresses the importance of looking at the influence of unconscious drives and motives on behavior and mental processes.a. functionalismb. cognitivec. psychodynamicd.
11. Dr. Eden tells potential participants of any risks they may experience prior to their participation in his research study. He is following the ethical guideline of .a. deceptionb.
10. The longer the commute for a student to a college campus, the less likely he or she is to complete a degree. This is an example of a .a. positive correlationb. negative correlationc. zero
9. A confounding variable .a. measures the effect of the independent variableb. is the variable that is manipulated by the experimenterc. has no effect on the dependent variabled. is any factor other
8. Dr. Ling is studying helping behavior in children.Every day, he goes to the local playground at 3 p.m., sits on the sidelines, and records the number of times one child helps another, the sex of
7. Dr. Pi wants to test the hypothesis that smoking marijuana impairs one’s ability to remember information. What type of hypothesis is Dr. Pi interested in testing?a. Predictiveb. Causalc.
6. Dr. Vaz conducted an experiment in which she randomly assigned her participants to one of two conditions. In the first condition, the participants were shown visual images of common objects and
5. The hypothesis that the number of rapes will increase during the summer months is an example of a(n) hypothesis.a. causalb. predictivec. untestabled. nonscientific
4. Which of the following best defines the nature of a theory?a. An explanation of why a behavior occursb. A statement of factc. An untestable assumptiond. A prediction
3. Which of the following is not a goal of psychology?a. To describe behaviorb. To change behaviorc. To explain behaviord. To practice behavior
2. Which of the following topics would a psychologist have the least interest in?a. Learningb. Sexualityc. Employment trendsd. Color perception
1. Which of the following is not true about psychology?a. Psychology is just common sense.b. Psychology is just the study of mental health disorders.c. Psychology has no connection with everyday
5. A psychologist who studies individual differences in shyness is probably from which specialty area?a. Cognitiveb. Socialc. Developmentald. Personality

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