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industrial organizational psychology understanding the workplace

Questions and Answers of Industrial Organizational Psychology Understanding The Workplace

16. When you first met your classmate, he was introduced to you as Calvin. However, Calvin never uses his first name and goes by just his initials(C.D.). Now, after a few years, you find that you
15. In , the memory probes and cues are stronger and contain more information.a. recallb. recognitionc. short-term working memoryd. long-term memory
14. Which one of the following is not an example of implicit memory?a. Knowing your best friend’s name.b. Knowing how to jump rope.c. Being classically conditioned to fear snakes after experiencing
13. Your knowledge of psychology is an example of memory.a. long-termc. declarativeb. semanticd. All of the above
12. Glenn suffered a concussion in a terrible car accident, after which he could no longer store new episodic or semantic memories. Glenn seems to be suffering from .a. retrograde amnesiab.
11. Your knowledge of animals is most likely stored in.a. short-term memory as acoustic memory tracesb. short-term memory as semantic memory tracesc. long-term memory as acoustic memory tracesd.
10. As you read the words on this page, which component of working memory is likely controlling the manner in which you process this information?a. The episodic bufferb. The phonological loopc. The
9. The working memory model is to as the threestages model is to .a. serial processing; explicit memoryb. parallel processing; explicit memoryc. serial processing; parallel processingd. parallel
8. According to the working memory model, which of the following is not a component of working memory?a. The episodic bufferb. The phonological loopc. The central executived. Iconic memory
7. Which of the following would be the best example of maintenance rehearsal?a. Reading your notes over and over as you study for an examb. Thinking about how the material you are studying relates to
6. The available research evidence suggests that the may play a role in the learning of habits.a. hippocampusc. striatumb. amygdalad. b and c
5. To test the idea that the average person should be able to hold approximately seven items in short-term memory, a researcher has participants listen while an assistant reads off a list of words.
4. Which of the following types of memory has the shortest duration?a. Long-term memoryb. Short-term memoryc. Sensory memoryd. Working memory
3. As you read a book, which is the first stage of memory into which the information that you are reading is processed?a. Short-termb. Working memoryc. Iconic memoryd. Phonological loop
2. Brushing your teeth, combing your hair, and tying your shoes are all most likely to involve use of which type of memory?a. Explicitc. Declarativeb. Implicitd. Semantic
1. Bits of information that are encoded into memory are known as .a. memory probesc. memory tracesb. memory cuesd. attentional foci
4. José was in a car accident and he damaged his cerebellum. Which of the following tasks would be most difficult for José after his accident?a. Learning to play the pianob. Learning psychologyc.
3. After his death, a post-mortem examination was performed on H.M.’s brain to examine which specific structures had been damaged by the earlier surgery that doctors performed to curb his
2. Sarah is learning a list of new words. If you took a PET scan of Sarah’s brain as she completed this task, where would you expect to see the greatest brain activity?a. The cerebellumb. The
1. Which of the following tasks would be most difficult for an adult with anterograde amnesia?a. Learning to jump ropeb. Learning to play a new video gamec. Recalling his fifth birthday partyd.
3. Which of the following events is most likely to produce a flashbulb memory?a. Taking a difficult math testb. Being in a serious car accidentc. Having a heated discussion with your best friendd.
2. In question number 1, Juan’s recollection of his date is most likely to be the result of ___.a. reconstructive memoryb. constructive memoryc. constructive and reconstructive memoryd. memory that
1. In recalling his date from last Saturday night, Juan assumes that she was wearing shoes, even though he did not encode the details of what her shoes looked like. Juan’s memory is an example of
4. Jack doesn’t want to remember the blind date he went on last week because it didn’t go well. Every time he starts to think of the date, Jack pushes the memory from his mind, and he focuses his
3. Mary was married 6 months ago. Much to her dismay, her friends continue to call her by her maiden name even though she has legally taken her partner’s name. Mary’s friends are experiencing
2. Decay theory states that forgetting is due to a lack of ___, whereas interference theory states that forgetting is due to a lack of ___.a. availability; accessibilityb. accessibility;
1. You meet an old friend on the street and search your memory for his name. This is an example of which type of retrieval task?a. Recallb. Recognitionc. Implicit retrievald. Encoding specificity
3. Which of the following is the best example of semantic encoding in long-term memory?a. Remembering how to play the tune to your favorite song on a guitarb. Remembering the name of the artist who
2. You know how to behave when you go to a fast-food restaurant because you have a(n) stored in long-term memory for this event.a. episodeb. iconc. schemad. proposition
1. Remembering the definition of elaborative rehearsal is an example of a(n) memory.a. semanticb. episodicc. procedurald. sensory
3. Which of the following is the best example of elaborative rehearsal?a. Reading a chapter in your text three timesb. Relating the material to your personal experiencesc. Using flashcards of key
2. When you are listening to and watching a music video on your computer, which component(s) of memory are you likely to be using?a. The phonological loopb. The central executivec. The visuospatial
1. Which of the following views of memory can best explain our ability to simultaneously process the music of a video and the images of the video in short-term memory?a. The three-stages model of
3. Which of the following best illustrates the use of implicit memory?a. Knowing the correct answer on a multiple-choice testb. Trying to remember where you left your car keysc. Forgetting where you
2. Which of the following best illustrates the use of explicit memory?a. Forgetting to get eggs at the grocery storeb. Trying to remember the name of a woman you once met at a partyc. Automatically
1. Which of the following abilities does a smartphone not possess?a. Encodingb. Storagec. Retrievald. Attention
7.6 Describe what is known about the biology of memory.
7.5 Describe the accuracy of memory and its implications for eyewitness memory. (APA 1.1, 1.3, 3.3)
7.4 Describe some of the practical measures you can take to improve your memory. (APA 1.3, 5.2)
7.4 Describe and give examples of the various theories of forgetting in long-term memory. (APA 1.1, 1.3)
7.4 Explain retrieval processes in memory, and give real-world examples of them. (APA 1.1, 1.3)
7.3 Describe age- and gender-related differences in memory. (APA 1.1, 1.2, 1.3, 2.1, 3.3)
7.3 Describe the different types of amnesia and what case studies of amnesia have taught us about memory. (APA 1.1, 1.2, 1.3, 2.1)
7.3 Describe the different types of long-term memory and their characteristics. (APA 1.1)
7.3 Explain how information is organized in long-term memory. (APA 1.1)
7.2 Describe the newer conception of working memory and how it relates to the three-stages model’s concept of short-term memory. (APA 1.1)
7.2 Describe the three-stages model of memory, including the function and characteristics of sensory, short-term, and long-term memory.(APA 1.1, 2.1)
7.1 Explain the difference between implicit and explicit use of memory, and give examples of each.(APA 1.1, 1.3)
7.1 Explain the functions of memory. (APA 1.1)
4. What role do the four types of learning play in romantic attraction (Chapter 10)?
3. What role might the four types of learning play in a program designed to help people lose weight (Chapter 5)?
2. What role might the four types of learning play in substance use disorders (Chapter 4)?
1. Design an experiment (Chapter 1) to test the hypothesis that continuous reinforcement leads to behaviors that are more easily extinguished than behaviors that are built with partial reinforcement.
4. If you were an employer who wanted to maximize employee productivity, which schedule of reinforcement would you use when creating a timetable for performance reviews of your employees? Defend your
3. Describe how you use classical conditioning, operant conditioning, and social learning (intentionally or not) to modify the behavior of someone in your life.
2. Think about two different environments that you frequently experience (e.g., school, work, hanging with your friends). What behaviors are likely to be rewarded in these environments? What
1. Identify a situation in which you were classically conditioned.Then identify the NS/CS, US, and UR/CR.
20. Which of the following learning theorists would be most likely to acknowledge the role that memory plays in learning?a. John B. Watsonb. B. F. Skinnerc. Albert Bandurad. Ivan Pavlov
19. Sally studies the children in her preschool class to see if they will pretend to make a pizza after watching the Cookie Monster make a pizza on TV.What type of learning is Sally studying, and
18. Which of the following is not a true statement about using physical punishment on children?a. Physical punishment may teach children to be aggressive.b. Physical punishment may teach children
17. A token economy is an example of .a. secondary reinforcementb. operant conditioningc. positive reinforcementd. all of the above
16. Oscar is working in a manufacturing plant where he is paid $50 for every 1,000 units he produces.Oscar is being reinforced on a schedule of reinforcement.a. continuousb. fixed interval of $50c.
15. Points earned for shopping at a particular store are an example of .a. primary reinforcersb. secondary reinforcersc. fixed interval reinforcersd. continuous reinforcers
14. involves reinforcing successive approximations of the final desired behavior.a. Extinctionb. Shapingc. Secondary reinforcementd. Primary reinforcement
13. is responding to only a particular stimulus.a. Stimulus generalizationb. Stimulus discriminationc. Extinctiond. Shaping
12. Thelma rewards her son for making his bed by telling him that he doesn’t need to mow the grass.Thelma is using with to condition her son’s behavior.a. classical conditioning; positive
11. Which of the following processes best explains why a child may pretend to spank her teddy bear?a. Habituationb. Classical conditioningc. Operant conditioningd. Observational learning
10. The law of effect was developed by .a. Ivan Pavlovb. E. L. Thorndikec. B. F. Skinnerd. Albert Bandura
9. Classical conditioning best explains the conditioning of what type of responses?a. Behavioralb. Emotionalc. Physiologicald. b & c
8. Amelia was in a car accident recently. Just prior to the crash, a certain song was playing on the radio. Now, whenever Amelia hears this song, she feels uneasy.This example shows that classical
7. Every time Tyra smells apple pie baking, she feels very happy because she associates the smell of apple pie with her mother. Tyra’s reaction to the smell of apple pie is most likely the result
6. In Pavlov’s original studies, the unconditioned stimulus was .a. the buzzerb. salivationc. foodd. the tube inserted into the dog’s salivary gland
5. Which of the following types of learning does not require that the person or animal do anything in order for learning to occur?a. Habituationb. Classical conditioningc. Operant conditioningd.
4. Getting an injection causes Marla to flinch. In classical conditioning terms, the needle stick is a(n) .a. conditioned stimulusb. conditioned responsec. unconditioned responsed. unconditioned
3. is responding to a stimulus to which you have previously learned to ignore.a. Habituationb. Classical conditioningc. Dishabituationd. Operant conditioning
2. After 2 days working at a day-care center, Roman no longer snaps to attention every time a child screams.The change in Roman’s behavior is most likely due to habituation. Sally, who has only
1. Sasha is sitting in class, trying to listen to her professor’s lecture, but she finds herself very distracted by the student next to her who is talking to another student. Sasha is exhibiting
4. Tyrone watches a violent TV show, but he has never imitated any of the behaviors he has seen on the show. Which of the following statements is true regarding Tyrone’s learning?a. Tyrone has not
3. Albert Bandura’s studies with the Bobo doll can best be described as being .a. correlational studiesb. true experimentsc. case studiesd. quasi-experiments
2. How do observational learning and operant conditioning differ?a. In observational learning, the person is less aware that learning is taking place.b. In operant conditioning, the person is less
1. When Kim Peek’s father attempted to teach Kim how to brush his teeth by modeling for him the process of brushing teeth, he was attempting to teach Kim through .a. operant conditioningb.
5. Credit card points, earned by using the card to make purchases, are an example of .a. conditioned stimulib. primary reinforcersc. tokensd. operants
4. When Kim Peek performed his feats of memory for people, they usually reacted with surprise and laughter. These reactions served as that encouraged Kim to continue performing his displays of memory
3. Which of the following is a primary reinforcer?a. Receiving good gradesb. Food, when you’re hungryc. Receiving a large sum of moneyd. Winning a free plane ticket in a radio contest
2. Which of the following is an example of operant conditioning?a. Byron doesn’t go to the dentist because the last time he did, it was very painful.b. Byron is afraid of dentists because the last
1. Denzel wants to increase his son Mario’s tendency to mow the yard on Saturday mornings without having to repeatedly ask him. To do this, Denzel tells Mario that he will pay him $5 when he mows
5. Wanda developed a conditioned taste aversion to pickles when she was a child. Today at age 30, she can once again eat pickles without experiencing nausea. Wanda’s ability to now eat pickles is
4. Jamal was eating a hotdog on a Ferris wheel, and while on the ride he became ill from motion sickness.Afterward, Jamal found himself with a conditioned taste aversion to hotdogs. Jamal’s story
3. Janna, a real estate agent, desperately wants to sell a home. She tells the owner to place a pan of vanilla extract in the oven and heat it just before the prospective buyers arrive to look at the
2. Which of the following is the best example of a US-UR pair?a. Receiving money–happinessb. An electric shock to the finger–jerking one’s finger awayc. Receiving a promotion–working
1. Which of the following is an example of classical conditioning?a. Damon learns to ride a bike by watching his older brother.b. Sally likes the smell of rose perfume because her beloved third-grade
3. Which of the following would likely have the capacity for habituation?a. A 3-month-old human babyb. An adult monkeyc. An adult dogd. All of the above
2. Fido the puppy tilts his head up and sniffs the air as he smells his owner cooking dinner in the kitchen.Fido is exhibiting .a. habituationb. dishabituationc. an orienting reflexd. a & c
1. Which of the following is an example of habituation?a. Juan was teasing the family dog when it bit him.Because of the pain of the bite, Juan learned not to tease the dog again.b. Teresa was trying
6.4 Describe the process of observational learning and the role that cognition plays in observational learning. (APA 1.1, 1.2)
6.4 Describe Albert Bandura’s Bobo doll experiments and their implications for real-world behavior.(APA 1.1, 1.2, 1.3, 2.1, 3.1)
6.3 Describe the evidence supporting the idea that cognition plays an important role in learning.(APA 1.1, 1.2, 2.1)
6.3 Describe the decisions that must be made when applying operant conditioning in the real world.(APA 1.1, 1.2, 1.3, 3.1)
6.3 Describe discrimination, generalization, and shaping as they relate to operant conditioning. (APA 1.1, 1.2)
6.3 Describe the factors that affect the process of operant conditioning, including schedules of reinforcement. (APA 1.1, 1.2)

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