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industrial organizational psychology understanding the workplace

Questions and Answers of Industrial Organizational Psychology Understanding The Workplace

=+If a particular study described in this book sounded interesting, you can probably obtain it online. Search for the authors and take a look at the original article. What did the authors conclude?
=+devoted to that area (you can ask a librarian for help). Browse a recent issue of one of the journals. What kinds of topics are scientists studying?
=+6. Turn to the Table of Contents of this book. Consider which chapters or topics you found most interesting as you explored psychology. Go to your school’s library and locate the journals that
=+sugary soft drinks. Would such a tax be useful? Would you be in favor of such a tax, or opposed? Why?
=+5. One method that has helped to decrease unhealthy behaviors, such as smoking, is to make them more expensive. Some local governments have suggested imposing taxes on unhealthy foods, such as
=+Based on your critical evaluation, is the advice something you would follow or not? Explain.
=+ How much information is available to evaluate the claims on the sites?
=+4. Search the web on the topic of stress management or coping with stress. Visit three or four sites and critically evaluate the suggestions made on the sites. How are they similar to the
=+exercise. Keep a journal of your progress each day in avoiding the bad habit. How easy or difficult did you find this little test in healthy life change?
=+3. Select one bad habit you would like to break for 1 week—for example, smoking, eating sugary foods, or putting off getting aerobic
=+2. Interview someone you know who has successfully lost weight, quit smoking, or started an exercise program. Ask the person about the experience of each of the stages of change. Does the theory
=+How might the person appraise the situation in ways that would help decrease stress?
=+What is the stressful event? How is the person appraising the event?
=+1. Take one day and become a stress detective. Every time a friend mentions being stressed out, ask your friend to describe the source of the stress.
=+3. Describe three approaches to quitting smoking.
=+2. What is the biggest health risk facing Americans today?
=+1. Identify and discuss three benefits of regular physical activity (in particular, exercise).
=+3. Because this is a correlational study, the results cannot be assumed to show that a low fitness level causes mortality. What third variables might explain the relationship between activity
=+what role does gender play in mortality? What might explain this difference?
=+2. Comparing the results for men and women separately,
=+1. Which groups had the highest and lowest death rates?
=+3. What personality characteristic applies to an individual who faces difficulties with a sense of commitment and control and who perceives problems as challenges rather than threats?
=+ How is the body affected when the HPA axis is chronically active?
=+2. How does the HPA axis function in regulating stress?
=+1. What is Selye’s term for the pattern of common effects on the body when demands are placed on it?
=+• Do you think your state or the place where you live is likely to be high in prejudice? Why?
=+• Correlation does not mean causation. What third variables (other than economic conditions, racial diversity, and racial segregation) could explain the links uncovered?
=+3. Identify and describe three types of benefits provided by social support.
=+2. Discuss the importance of motivation in efforts at self-change.
=+1. Name three tools or resources on which we can draw in trying to make positive life changes.
=+4. How might this model be applied to people who are not religious?
=+3. According to this model, religious faith “comes first,” and the other four variables are consequences of religious involvement. Do you think this schema is accurate, or would you change the
=+2. Give another variable that ought to be added to this model. Where would it be placed?
=+1. The model reflects results of correlational studies. How does this influence the causal conclusions one might wish to make?
=+3. What positive advice would you give to someone who experiences relapse when dieting or trying to quit smoking?
=+2. Name and briefly describe the five stages of the stages of change model.
=+1. How does the theory of planned behavior expand upon, or extend, the theory of reasoned action?
=+3. Describe how the biopsychosocial model is relevant to health psychology
=+2. With what is the field of health promotion concerned?
=+1. What factors does the field of health psychology emphasize as keys to good health?
=+with these kinds of problems. Where would you turn if an appropriate resource were not available in your area
=+Do some research and see whether you can find a local group or therapist who would be helpful to someone
=+4. For which kinds of problems would you be most likely to choose one of the sociocultural approaches to therapy? Which method would you choose?
=+imagine that you are a behavior therapist or a cognitive therapist and describe some recommendations you might make during a therapy session.
=+3. Behavioral and cognitive approaches may be helpful in modifying a behavior that would not be considered abnormal but that an individual might still want to change (for example, procrastinating,
=+2. To get a good sense of how cognitive-behavior therapy works, see this clip at www.youtube.com/watch?v=ds3wHkwiuCo
=+1. To experience Rogerian therapy firsthand, watch a video of Carl Rogers describing his approach and participating in a session with a client at www.youtube.com/watch?v=ZBkUqcqRChg
=+3. What is well-being therapy, and what steps does it involve on the client’s part?
=+2. How might psychotherapy affect coping with physical disease?
=+1. How might psychotherapy prevent physical illnesses?
=+3. What social and economic forces drove the community mental health movement?
=+2. What are four common family therapy techniques? Briefly describe each.
=+1. Why might group therapy be more successful than individual therapy?
=+• How would you feel about building a relationship with a therapist who differed from you in terms of race/ethnicity, religious faith, gender identity, sexual orientation, or ability status?
=+• How do you weigh client preferences and research evidence on outcomes?
=+3. Compare and contrast electroconvulsive therapy (ECT)with transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS).
=+2. What are SSRIs, and through what process do they have their effect?
=+1. How do antianxiety drugs work, and why do so many people take them?
=+4. What is integrative therapy?
=+3. What is cognitive-behavior therapy?
=+2. What specific behavior therapy technique is used to treat phobias?How does it work?
=+1. Define psychotherapy and identify four psychotherapeutic approaches.
=+conditioning might be applied to prevent psychological problems?
=+4. Looking over the steps in aversive conditioning, how do you think classical
=+3. What role, if any, does the person’s motivation play in the process of conditioning?
=+2. What is the likely effect of alcohol prior to aversion therapy? Is this effect learned(that is, a conditioned response) or not(an unconditioned response)?
=+1. In the example illustrated in the figure, what is the conditioned stimulus?
=+4. Do these results allow us to infer causal relationships between therapy and improvement? Explain.
=+3. What does the difference between the psychotherapy group and the placebo group indicate?
=+2. Why might those in the no-treatment group have improved?
=+1. Which group improved most, and which improved least?
=+3. Describe two arguments from both sides regarding whether psychologists should be allowed to prescribe drug treatment.
=+2. What are the differences between a clinical psychologist and a psychiatrist in training and the types of treatment provided?
=+1. Define psychotherapy and biological therapy.
=+the discussion boards reflect what you have learned about these disorders?
=+4. Go online and search for message boards where individuals with different psychological disorders share with one another. How do
=+an artist from the menu to view their work. How does your exploration of this artwork influence your feelings about mental illness?
=+3. Although we might think of people who contend with psychological disorders as troubled and downtrodden, they (like all people)have the capacity to be astonishingly creative. Check out the
=+2. If you have never encountered anyone with schizophrenia, meet Moe Armstrong by checking out this YouTube video: www.youtube.com/watch?v=p-_j1ZNKzsg
=+What does this exercise tell you about the meaning of abnormal?
=+ What would change in the list if you were in a different setting, such as a church, a bar, or a library?
=+How does your list of behaviors compare with the definition of abnormal provided in the chapter?
=+1. Spend 15 to 20 minutes observing an area with a large number of people, such as a mall, a cafeteria, or a stadium during a game.Identify and make a list of behaviors you would classify as
=+3. What are some critical considerations in efforts to eliminate stigma toward individuals with psychological disorders?
=+2. What social and physical effects can result from the stigma with which some people view psychological disorders?
=+1. What does it mean to say that a link between psychological disorders and violence is an illusory correlation?
=+ Why might these differences exist?
=+3. How do men and women differ in terms of the age at which suicide is most common?
=+2. Give at least two biological, two psychological, and two sociocultural factors in suicide.
=+1. What are the two requirements for suicide as described by the interpersonal theory of suicide?
=+5. Don’t abandon the person after the crisis seems to have passed or after professional counseling has begun.
=+4. Don’t offer false reassurances (“Everything will be all right”) or make judgments (“You should be thankful for . . .”).
=+3. Don’t react with horror, disapproval, or repulsion.
=+2. Don’t refuse to talk about suicide if the person wants to talk about it.
=+1. Don’t ignore the warning signs.
=+4. Encourage the person to get professional help and assist in getting help.If willing, take the person to a mental health facility or hospital.
=+3. Take the suicide threat very seriously.Ask questions about the person’s feelings, relationships, and thoughts about the type of method to be used. If a gun, pills, rope, or other means is
=+2. Be a good listener and be supportive. Emphasize that unbearable pain can be survived.
=+1. Ask direct, straightforward questions in a calm manner. For example, “Are you thinking about hurting yourself?”
=+3. How is borderline personality disorder defined, and what are four features that characterize it?

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