Questions and Answers of Organization Development

Construct an example to show that three guard bits are needed to produce the correct answer when two positive numbers are subtracted.LO1
Which of the four 6-bit answers to Problem 6.2a are not exact? For each of these cases, give the three 6-bit values that correspond to the three types of truncation defined in Section 6.7.3.LO1
Derive logic equations that specify the Add/Sub and SR outputs of the combinational CONTROL network in Figure 6.26.LO1
If gate fan-in is limited to four, how can the SHIFTER in Figure 6.26 be implemented combinationally?LO1
(a) Sketch a logic-gate network that implements the multiplexer MUX in Figure 6.26. (b) Relate the structure of the SWAP network in Figure 6.26 to your solution to Part (a).
How can the leading zeros detector in Figure 6.26 be implemented combinationally?LO1
The mantissa adder-subtractor in Figure 6.26 operates on positive, unsigned binary fractions and must produce a sign-and-magnitude result. In the discussion accompa- nying Figure 6.26, we state that
List the steps needed to execute the machine instruction Add LOCA,RO in terms of transfers between the components shown in Figure 1.2 and some simple control commands. Assume that the instruction
Repeat Problem 1.1 for the machine instruction Add R1, R2, R3 which was discussed in Section 1.6.3.
(a) Give a short sequence of machine instructions for the task: "Add the contents of memory location A to those of location B, and place the answer in location C." Instructions and Load LOC,R Store
(a) Section 1.5 discusses how the input and output steps of a collection of programs such as the one shown in Figure 1.4 could be overlapped to reduce the total time needed to execute them. Let each
(a) Program execution time, T, as defined in Section 1.6.2, is to be examined for a certain high-level language program. The program can be run on a RISC or a CISC computer. Both computers use
(a) A processor cache, as shown in Figure 1.5, is discussed in Section 1.6. Suppose that execution time for a program is directly proportional to instruction access time and that access to an
Represent the decimal values 5, -2, 14, -10, 26, -19, 51, and -43, as signed, 7-bit numbers in the following binary formats: (a) Sign-and-magnitude (b) l's-complement (c) 2's-complement (See Appendix
(a) Convert the following pairs of decimal numbers to 5-bit, signed, 2's-complement, binary numbers and add them. State whether or not overflow occurs in each case. (a) 5 and 10 (b) 7 and 13 (c) -14
Given a binary pattern in some memory location, is it possible to tell whether this pattern represents a machine instruction or a number?LO1
A memory byte location contains the pattern 00101100. What does this pattern represent when interpreted as a binary number? What does it represent as an ASCII code?LO1
Consider a computer that has a byte-addressable memory organized in 32-bit words according to the big-endian scheme. A program reads ASCII characters entered at a keyboard and stores them in
Repeat Problem 2.5 for the little-endian scheme.LO1
A program reads ASCII characters representing the digits of a decimal number as they are entered at a keyboard and stores the characters in successive memory bytes. Examine the ASCII code in Appendix
Write a program that can evaluate the expression A * B + C XD in a single-accumulator processor. Assume that the processor has Load, Store, Multiply, and Add instructions, and that all values fit in
The list of student marks shown in Figure 2.14 is changed to contain j test scores for each student. Assume that there are n students. Write an assembly language program for computing the sums of the
(a) Rewrite the dot product program in Figure 2.33 for an instruction set in which the arithmetic and logic operations can only be applied to operands in processor registers. The two instructions
Repeat Problem 2.10 for a computer with two-address instructions, which can perform operations such as A+[A]+[B] where A and B can be either memory locations or processor registers. Which computer
"Having a large number of processor registers makes it possible to reduce the number of memory accesses needed to perform complex tasks." Devise a simple computational task to show the validity of
Registers R1 and R2 of a computer contain the decimal values 1200 and 4600. What is the effective address of the memory operand in each of the following instructions?LO1 (a) Load (b) Move 20(R1),R5 #
Assume that the list of student test scores shown in Figure 2.14 is stored in the memory as a linked list as shown in Figure 2.36. Write an assembly language program that accomplishes the same thing
Consider an array of numbers A(i,j), where i = 0 through n - 1 is the row index, and j = 0 through m - 1 is the column index. The array is stored in the memory of a computer one row after another,
Both of the following statements cause the value 300 to be stored in location 1000, but at different times.LO1 and ORIGIN 1000 DATAWORD 300 Explain the difference. Move #300,1000
Register R5 is used in a program to point to the top of a stack. Write a sequence of instructions using the Index, Autoincrement, and Autodecrement addressing modes to perform each of the following
A FIFO queue of bytes is to be implemented in the memory, occupying a fixed region of k bytes. You need two pointers, an IN pointer and an OUT pointer. The IN pointer keeps track of the location
Consider the queue structure described in Problem 2.18. Write APPEND and REMOVE routines that transfer data between a processor register and the queue. Be careful to inspect and update the state of
Consider the following possibilities for saving the return address of a subroutine: (a) In a processor register (b) In a memory location associated with the call, so that a different location is used
The subroutine call instruction of a computer saves the return address in a processor register called the link register, RL. What would you do to allow subroutine nesting? Would your scheme allow the
Assume you want to organize subroutine calls on a computer as follows: When routine Main wishes to call subroutine SUB1, it calls an intermediate routine, CALLSUB, and passes to it the address of
The linked-list insertion subroutine in Figure 2.37 does not check if the ID of the new record matches that of a record already in the list. What happens in the execution of the subroutine if this is
The linked-list deletion subroutine in Figure 2.38 assumes that a record with the ID contained in register RIDNUM is in the list. What happens in the execution of the subroutine if there is no record
Who should be involved in the action planning process and why?
Select a task that fits the criteria for when a formal action plan should be used, and complete an action plan, using the processes described in this chapter.
Given the extensive list of interventions included in this chapter, and recognizing that they are simply a sample of the interventions available to OD professionals, what do you think might be
While included in one level of intervention or another, several of the interventions could actually fit more than one level.Which interventions do you think could have been included in a different
With which interventions are you most familiar? Which have you actually experienced? Which are the least familiar to you?
What preexisting bias do you have about any of the interventions mentioned, and how did you acquire this bias?
Which interventions do you think are most likely to have an impact on the whole organization? Why?
Which interventions do you think are least likely to have an impact on the whole organization? Why?
Which of the interventions do you believe would be the easiest for you to facilitate at this time? Why?
Which of the interventions do you believe would be the most difficult for you to facilitate at this time? Why? What steps might you take to change this?
Discuss why you believe each intervention is appropriate for an OD professional to facilitate rather than some other type of consultant.
Identify one intervention from among those presented in this chapter that you would like to know more about, and explore it more fully on the Web. Share your findings with a partner or with the class.
Pair up with another member of your class. Identify a topic that has the potential for developing an emotional response and that might lead to differences between the two of you. Conduct a dialogue
Have a class member conduct a sociogram for a brief period of classroom time. Discuss its implications.
Discuss the strengths and weaknesses of each of the team interventions presented in this chapter.
Identify a need that a team has of which you are a part. Select one of the interventions suggested in this chapter, and discuss how it might be implemented to address that specific team’s need.
State a problem that needs solution in your personal life. Brainstorm ways in which you might resolve that problem.
Discuss experiences you have had with teams (either in the workplace or in the classroom). How effective did you find the team’s processes? How might a team-based intervention have helped improve
Why do you think it is important for an organization to be concerned about continuous improvement in its processes?
There is no consensus in the value of determining best practices.Do you think best practices obtained in other organizations is of value or not? Why?
If you were going to benchmark your company or your school with another, what process might you consider using? What steps would you follow, and what would be required on your part?
What are the ethical questions that might need to be considered in conducting a benchmarking project?
All of the processes that have been discussed in this chapter have, at one time or another, been treated as a fad rather than a core business process. What constitutes a fad? Why do you think
A sociotechnical systems approach requires that the organization pay attention to both the people and the technology side of an organization. How well do you think the processes discussed in this
Make a list of everything you can see in the room in which you are reading this chapter. List where you think each product was manufactured. Most products have a label on them indicating where they
Describe to someone else what your core values are and where they came from.
Describe to someone else the dominant culture of the country in which you live, as well as at least one subculture within that country.
How does being able to describe your own values and culture enable you to understand other cultures better?
Check one of the Web sites for Hofstede’s ideas, and determine the values for your country and one other country of interest to you. Do you agree with what these results show?
Appendix 9.3 of this chapter shares a self-assessment tool to help you explore your own stance on several of the variables reviewed. These items are set up as dichotomous variables on several factors
List several stereotypes for a variety of countries. How accurate do you think these stereotypes are? If you believe the stereotype, how would it affect how you would interact with someone from that
Complete the culture assimilator provided in Appendix 9.1, and then discuss your responses with a partner.
Identify four or five of your favorite nursery rhymes, fairy tales, or children’s stories. What do they say about your culture and what is considered important in that culture?
Identify four or five proverbs that you heard while growing up.What do they say about your culture and what is considered important in that culture?
Complete the instrument in Appendix 9.4. Determine your strengths and your weaknesses relative to being a successful OD professional working in a global context. Discuss the results.
Consider each of the structures suggested in this chapter. List the advantages and disadvantages for each structural model.
How can the OD professional help diminish the pain caused by downsizing, outsourcing, or the loss of jobs to a merger or acquisition?
What do you believe provides the strongest motivation for you to perform at your best as a student? As an employee? What is the relationship between intrinsic and extrinsic motivation factors for you?
Write a personal mission statement and a personal vision statement.Discuss their value.
Create a number of scenarios for your own future. Discuss one or two of these, suggesting how scenario planning might serve you better than a more static strategic plan.
Your class or a group of employees may wish to participate in an open systems technology meeting.
Why do you think that interest in using OD principles at the community and national levels has recently increased?
Considering the five models for using OD for national development policy planning, what do you see as the advantages and disadvantages of each?
Why do you think that the United States fits into the free market model? Do you think the United States would be better served with some other model?
How does country culture influence the model that prevails in a country?
What steps might be taken to reduce the barriers to the effective application of OD principles at the national level?
Consider the situation described in this chapter about the peace efforts in the Philippines. What OD principles do you see being applied there?
Consider the HIV/AIDS pandemic. What OD principles might be applied to diminishing the impact of this illness?
Why do you think I have concluded that evaluation is essential?Do you agree or disagree?
If you could select only one of the many approaches reviewed in this chapter, which would you choose and why?
Which of the many approaches reviewed in this chapter do you believe is the weakest? Why?
How do you see formative, summative, and longitudinal evaluation interacting?
What approaches other than those suggested in this chapter do you think might be used for formative evaluation?
Given that no one approach to evaluation meets all of what we would like it to do, how do you think triangulation can contribute to the Evaluation phase?
How do you think the results of an evaluation process should be used?
What are some actions an OD professional and the organization leaders can take during the Adoption phase that can encourage an organization to institutionalize a desired change?
What are some advantages and disadvantages of an external OD professional being part of the adoption phase? Describe the same for an internal OD professional.
Who bears primary responsibility for institutionalizing desired change during the Adoption phase?
Discuss specific times when you have welcomed change and when you have resisted change. What were the factors present in each situation? When you resisted change, what could have been done to help
Do you agree with the statement, “People don’t like to change”? Discuss the reasons for your answer.
Do you think it is important to institutionalize successful change systemwide? Why or why not?
What are the most important factors to discuss in a separation conversation?
How would you see the conversation differing if the reason for the separation was organization initiated rather than professional initiated?

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