Questions and Answers of Organization Development

Redraw Figure 8.11 for the case of the mispredicted branch in Figure 8.14.LO1
Figure 8.16 shows that one instruction that uses a complex addressing mode takes the same time to execute as an equivalent sequence of instructions that use simpler addressing modes. Yet, the use of
The microcontroller in Section 9.3 receives decimal digits (0 to 9) encoded as ASCII characters on its serial port. As each digit arrives, it has to be displayed on a 7-segment display unit connected
Write an assembly language program to implement the task of Problem 9.1.
Solve Problem 9.1 by using interrupts to detect the arrival of each ASCII character.LO1
Write an assembly language program for Problem 9.3.LO1
The microcontroller in Section 9.3 receives decimal numbers on its serial port. Each number consists of two digits encoded as ASCII characters. In order to distinguish between successive 2-digit
Write an assembly language program to implement the task of Problem 9.5.LO1
Solve Problem 9.5 by using interrupts to detect the arrival of each ASCII character.LO1
Write an assembly language program for Problem 9.7.LO1
The microcontroller in Section 9.3 receives decimal numbers on its serial port. Each number consists of four digits encoded as ASCII characters. In order to distinguish between successive 4-digit
Write an assembly language program to implement the task of Problem 9.9.LO1
Solve Problem 9.9 by using interrupts to detect the arrival of each ASCII character.LO1
Write an assembly language program to implement the task of Problem 9.11.LO1
Repeat Problem 9.9, but assume that each 7-segment display unit has a 7-bit register associated with it, rather than a BCD-to-7-segment decoder. The register has a control input Load, such that the
Repeat Problem 9.13, but write the program using assembly language.LO1
Solve Problem 9.13 by using interrupts to detect the arrival of each ASCII character.LO1
Write an assembly language program to implement the task of Problem 9.15.LO1
In Section 9.5 we assumed that the source device generates characters in bursts of less than 80 characters. Would the programs in Figures 9.17 and 9.18 work properly if bursts of up to 80 characters
In the program in Figure 9.17, the test for determining whether the circular buffer is empty is performed by checking if the fin and fout indexes have the same value. Instead, it is possible to
Repeat Problem 9.18 for the program in Figure 9.18.LO1
Modify the reaction timer presented in Section 9.6 assuming that the tested person will always respond in less than one second. Thus, the elapsed reaction time should be displayed as two digits
In Figure 9.19, the 7-segment display unit for each digit incorporates a BCD-to-7- segment decoder; hence the microcontroller provides simultaneously a 4-bit BCD code for each digit that is to be
In Figure 9.21, a binary number representing the elapsed reaction time in hundredths of seconds is converted into an equivalent BCD number using successive divisions by 100 and 10. Another way of
Use the microcontroller in Section 9.3 to generate a "time of day" clock. The time (in hours and minutes) is to be displayed on four 7-segment display units. Assume that each display unit has a
Repeat Problem 9.20 assuming that each 7-segment display unit has a register associated with it, as shown in Figure P9.2.LO1
In a system implemented on a single chip, the processor and the main memory reside on the same chip. Is there a need for a cache in this system? Explain.LO1
The display on a video screen must be refreshed at least 30 times per second to remain flicker-free. During each full scan of the screen, the total time required to illuminate each point is 1 us. The
Consider a communication channel that uses eight-valued signals instead of the two- valued signals used in a binary channel. If the channel is rated at 9600 baud, what is its capacity in bits per
The following components are provided: A 6-bit binary counter, with Clock and Clear inputs and six outputs A 3-bit serial-input-parallel-output shift register A clock running at eight times the input
An asynchronous link between two computers uses the start-stop scheme, with one start bit and one stop bit, and a transmission rate or 38.8 kilobits/s. What is the effective transmission rate as seen
A communication link uses odd parity for each character transmitted. Refer to Appendix E, and give the 8-bit pattern transmitted for the characters A, P, =, and 5.LO1
Consider a communication line modem connected to a computer through an RS-232-C interface. The control signals associated with this interface are accessed by the computer through a 16-bit register,
Assume the following register and memory contents in an ARM computer:The numbers 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, and 6, are stored in successive word locations starting at memory address 1000. What is the effect of
Which of the following ARM instructions would cause the assembler to issue a syntax error message? Why? (a) ADD R2,R2,R2 (b) SUB RO,R1,[R2,#4] (c) MOV R0,#2_1010101 (d) MOV R0,#257 (e) ADD
When a byte is loaded from memory into an ARM processor register using the Load instruction, the high-order 24 bits are cleared to Os. (See Section 3.1.2.) If the loaded byte represents an 8-bit
Write an ARM program to reverse the order of bits in register R2. For example, if the starting pattern in R2 is 1110... 0100, the result left in R2 should be 0010... 0111. (Hint: Use shift and rotate
A program trace is a listing of the contents of certain registers and memory locations at different times during the execution of a program. List the contents of registers RO, R1, and R2 after each
Write an ARM program that compares the corresponding bytes of two lists of bytes and places the larger byte in a third list. The two lists start at byte locations X and Y, and the larger-byte list
An ARM program is required for the following character manipulation task: A string of n characters is stored in the memory in consecutive byte locations, beginning at location STRING. Another shorter
Write an ARM program that generates the first n numbers of the Fibonacci series. In this series, the first two numbers are 0 and 1, and each subsequent number is generated by adding the preceding two
Write an ARM program to convert a word of text from lowercase to uppercase. The word consists of ASCII characters stored in successive byte locations in the memory, starting at location WORD and
The list of student marks shown in Figure 2.14 is changed to contain j test scores for each student. Assume that there are n students. Write an ARM program for computing the sums of the scores on
Consider an array of numbers A(i,j), where i = 0 through n-1 is the row index and j = 0 through m-1 is the column index. The array is stored in the memory of an ARM computer one row after another,
Write an ARM program that reads n characters from a keyboard and echoes them back to a display after pushing them onto a user stack as they are read. Use register R6 as the stack pointer. The count
Assume that the average time taken to fetch and execute an instruction in the program in Figure 3.9 is 20 nanoseconds. If keyboard characters are entered at the rate of 10 per second, approximately
In the ARM program in Figure 3.9, "in-line" code is used to read a line of characters and display them. Rewrite this program in the form of a main program that calls a subroutine named GETCHAR to
Repeat Problem 3.14 using the stack to pass parameters.LO1
Write an ARM program to accept three decimal digits from a keyboard. Each digit is represented in the ASCII code (see Appendix E). Assume that these three dig- its represent a decimal integer in the
The decimal-to-binary conversion program of Problem 3.16 is to be implemented us- ing two nested subroutines. The main program that calls the first subroutine passes two parameters by pushing them
Consider the queue structure described in Problem 2.18. Write ARM APPEND and REMOVE routines that transfer data between a processor register and the queue. Be careful to inspect and update the state
Using the format for presenting results that is described in Problem 3.5, give a program trace for the byte-sorting program in Figure 3.15b. Show the contents of registers RO, R2, and R3, and list
Rewrite the byte-sorting program in Figure 3.15b as a subroutine that sorts a list of 32-bit positive integers. The calling program should pass the list address to the sub- routine. The first 32-bit
Consider the byte-sorting program of Figure 3.15b. During each pass through a sublist, LIST(j) through LIST(0), list entries are swapped whenever LIST(k) > LIST(j). An alternative strategy is to keep
Assume that the list of student test scores shown in Figure 2.14 is stored in the memory as a linked list as shown in Figure 2.36. Write an ARM program that accomplishes the same thing as the program
The linked-list insertion subroutine in Figure 3.16 does not check if the ID of the new record matches that of a record already in the list. What happens in the execution of the subroutine if this is
The linked-list deletion subroutine in Figure 3.17 assumes that a record with the ID contained in register RIDNUM is in the list. What happens in the execution of the subroutine if there is no record
Consider the following state of the 68000 processor:What is the effect of executing each of the following three instructions, starting each time from this initial state? How many bytes does each
Find the syntax errors in the following 68000 instructions: (a) ADDX (b) LSR.L (c) MOVE.B (d) SUBA.L (e) CMP.B -(A2),D3 #9,D2 520(A2,D2) 12(A2,PC),A0 #254,$12(A2,D1.B)
A program trace is a listing of the contents of certain registers and memory locations at different times during the execution of a program. List the contents of registers DO, DI, and A2 and memory
Consider the following 68000 program:(a) What does this program do? (b) How many 16-bit words are needed to store this program in the memory? (c) Give an expression for the number of memory accesses
Consider the two 68000 programs given in Figure P3.1. (a) Do these programs leave the same value in location RSLT? (b) What task(s) do they accomplish?(c) How many bytes of memory are needed to store
Write a 68000 program that compares the corresponding bytes of two lists of bytes and places the larger byte in a third list. The two lists start at byte locations X and Y, and the larger-byte list
A 68000 program is required for the following character manipulation task: A string of n characters is stored in the memory in consecutive byte locations, beginning at location STRING. Another,
Write a 68000 program that generates the first n numbers of the Fibonacci series. In this series, the first two numbers are 0 and 1, and each subsequent number is generated by adding the preceding
Write a 68000 program to convert a word of text from lowercase to uppercase. The word consists of ASCII characters stored in successive byte locations in the memory, starting at location WORD and
The list of student marks shown in Figure 2.14 is changed to contain j test scores for each student. Each entry in the list is a 16-bit word, so the increments on LIST are by 2. Assume that there are
Write a 68000 program that reads n characters from a keyboard and echoes them back to a display after pushing them onto a user stack as they are read. Use register AO as the stack pointer. The count
Assume that the average time taken to fetch and execute an instruction in the program in Figure 3.27 is 20 nanoseconds. If keyboard characters are entered at the rate of 10 per second, approximately
In the 68000 program in Figure 3.27, "in-line" code is used to read a line of characters and display them. Rewrite this program in the form of a main program that calls a subroutine named GETCHAR to
Repeat problem 3.37 using the stack to pass parameters.LO1
Consider the queue structure described in Problem 2.18. Write 68000 APPEND and REMOVE routines that transfer data between a processor register and the queue. Be careful to inspect and update the
Write a 68000 program to accept three decimal digits from a keyboard. Each digit is represented in the ASCII code (see Appendix E). Assume that these three digits represent a decimal integer in the
The decimal-to-binary conversion program of Problem 3.40 is to be implemented as two nested subroutines. The main program that calls the first subroutine passes two parameters by pushing them onto
Consider an array of 16-bit numbers A(i,j), where i = 0 through n - 1 is the row index and j = 0 through m - 1 is the column index. The array is stored in the memory of a 68000 computer one row after
Write a 68000 program to reverse the order of bits in register D2. For example, if the starting pattern in D2 is 1110...0100, the result left in D2 should be 0010... 0111. (Hint: Use shift and rotate
How many bytes of memory are needed to store the program in Figure 3.32? How many memory accesses take place during execution of this program?
Using the format for presenting results that is described in Problem 3.27, give a program trace for the byte-sorting program in Figure 3.34b. Show the contents of registers D1, D2, and D3, and the
Rewrite the byte-sorting program in Figure 3.34b as a subroutine that sorts a list of 16-bit positive integers. The calling program should pass the list address to the sub- routine. The first 16-bit
Consider the byte-sorting program of Figure 3.34b. During each pass through a sublist, LIST(j) through LIST(0), list entries are swapped whenever LIST(k) > LIST(j). An alternative strategy is to keep
Assume that the list of student test scores shown in Figure 2.14 is stored in the memory as a linked list as shown in Figure 2.36. Write a 68000 program that accomplishes the same thing as the
The linked-list insertion subroutine in Figure 3.35 does not check if the ID of the new record matches that of a record already in the list. What happens in the execution of the subroutine if this is
The linked-list deletion subroutine in Figure 3.36 assumes that a record with the ID con- tained in register RIDNUM is in the list. What happens in the execution of the subroutine if there is no
Assume the following register and memory contents in an IA-32 computer: Register EBX contains 1000. Register ESI contains 2. The numbers 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, and 6, are stored in successive doubleword
Which of the following IA-32 instructions would cause the assembler to issue a syntax error message? Why? (a) ADD EAX,EAX (b) ADD [EAX],[EBX+4] (c) SUB EAX,[EBX + ESI*4 +20] (d) SUB EAX,[EBX +
A program trace is a listing of the contents of certain registers and memory locations at different times during the execution of a program. List the contents of registers EAX, EBX, and ECX after
Write an IA-32 program that compares the corresponding bytes of two lists of bytes and places the larger byte in a third list. The two lists start at byte locations X and Y, and the larger-byte list
An IA-32 program is required for the following character manipulation task: A string of n characters is stored in the memory in consecutive byte locations, beginning at location STRING. Another,
Write an IA-32 program that generates the first n numbers of the Fibonacci series. In this series, the first two numbers are 0 and 1, and each subsequent number is generated by adding the preceding
Write an IA-32 program to convert a word of text from lowercase to uppercase. The word consists of ASCII characters stored in successive byte locations in the memory, starting at location WORD and
The list of student marks shown in Figure 2.14 is changed to contain j test scores for each student. Assume that there are n students. Write an IA-32 program for computing the sums of the scores on
Write an IA-32 program to reverse the order of bits in register EAX. For example, if the starting pattern in EAX is 1110... 0100, the result left in EAX should be 00100111. (Hint: Use shift and
Consider the queue structure described in Problem 2.18. Write IA-32 APPEND and REMOVE routines that transfer data between a processor register and the queue. Be careful to inspect and update the
Write an IA-32 program that reads n characters from a keyboard and echoes them back to a display after pushing them onto a user stack as they are read. Use register EBX as the stack pointer. The
Assume that the average time taken to fetch and execute an instruction in the program in Figure 3.44 is 10 nanoseconds. If keyboard characters are entered at the rate of 10 per second, approximately
In the IA-32 program in Figure 3.44, "in-line" code is used to read a line of charac- ters and display them. Rewrite this program in the form of a main program that calls a subroutine named GETCHAR
Repeat problem 3.63, passing parameters on the processor stack.LO1
Write an IA-32 program to accept three decimal digits from a keyboard. Each digit is represented in the ASCII code (see Appendix E). Assume that these three digits represent a decimal integer in the
The decimal-to-binary conversion program of Problem 3.65 is to be implemented us- ing two nested subroutines. The main program that calls the first subroutine passes two parameters by pushing them
Consider an array of numbers A(i,j), where i = 0 through n-1 is the row index and j = 0 through m-1 is the column index. The array is stored in the memory of a IA-32 computer one row after another,

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