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business
management accounting

Questions and Answers of Management Accounting

Human resource management is the process of ____________, developing, and maintaining a high-quality workforce.(a) attracting(b) compensating(c) appraising(d) training
____________ programs are designed to ensure equal employment opportunities for persons historically underrepresented in the workforce.(a) Realistic recruiting(b) External recruiting(c) Employment
The intent of the human rights code in Canada is to ensure the right of all citizens to gain and keep employment based only on ____________.(a) their ability to do the job and their performance on
____________ is the idea that jobs that are similar in terms of their importance to the organization should be compensated at the same level.(a) Employment equity(b) Realistic pay(c) Merit pay(d) Pay
A ____________ is a criterion that can be legally justified for use in screening candidates for employment.(a) job description(b) bona fide occupational requirement(c) job specification(d) BARS
The first step in strategic human resource management is to ____________.(a) forecast human resource needs(b) forecast labour supplies(c) assess the existing workforce(d) review organizational
In human resource planning, a(n) ____________ is used to determine exactly what is done in an existing job.(a) critical-incident technique(b) assessment centre(c) job analysis(d) multi person
If an employment test yields different results over time when taken by the same person, it lacks ____________; if it bears no relation to actual job performance, it lacks ____________.(a) equity,
Which phrase is most consistent with a recruiter offering a job candidate a realistic job preview?(a) “There are just no downsides to this job.”(b) “No organization is as good as this
Socialization of newcomers occurs during the ____________ step of the staffing process.(a) recruiting(b) orientation(c) selecting(d) training
The ____________ purpose of performance appraisal is being addressed when a manager describes training options that might help an employee improve future performance.(a) development(b) evaluation(c)
When a team leader is required to rate 10 percent of team members as “superior,” 80 percent as “good,” and 10 percent as “unacceptable”for their performance on a project, this is an
An employee with domestic problems due to substance abuse would be pleased to learn that their employer had a(n) ____________ plan to help on such matters.(a) employee assistance(b) cafeteria
Whereas bonus plans pay employees for special accomplishments, gain-sharing plans reward them for ____________.(a) helping to increase social responsibility(b) regular attendance(c) positive work
In labour–management relations, the process of negotiating, administering, and interpreting a labour contract is known as ____________.(a) arbitration(b) mediation(c) reconciliation(d) collective
What are the different advantages of internal and external recruitment?
Why is a BARS potentially superior to a graphic rating scale for use in performance appraisals?
Sy Smith is not doing well in his job. The problems began to appear shortly aft er Sy’s job was changed from a manual to computer-based operation. He has tried hard but is just not doing well in
Someone with a clear sense of the future and the actions needed to get there is considered a ____________ leader.(a) task-oriented(b) people-oriented(c) transactional(d) visionary
Leader power = ____________ power + ____________ power.(a) reward, punishment(b) reward, expert(c) legitimate, position(d) position, personal
A manager who says “Because I am the boss, you must do what I ask” is relying on ____________ power.(a) reward(b) legitimate(c) expert(d) referent
When a leader assumes that others will do as she asks because they want to positively identify with her, she is relying on ____________ power to influence their behaviour.(a) expert(b) referent(c)
The personal traits now considered important for managerial success include ____________.(a) self-confidence(b) gender(c) age(d) height
In the leader-behaviour approaches to leadership, someone who does a very good job of planning work, setting standards, and monitoring results would be considered a(n) ____________ leader.(a)
When leader behaviour researchers concluded that “high-high”was the pathway to leadership success, what were they referring to?(a) High initiating structure and high integrity.(b) High concern
A leader whose actions indicate an attitude of “do as you want, and don’t bother me” would be described as having a(n) ____________ leadership style.(a) autocratic(b) country club(c)
In Fiedler’s contingency model, both highly favourable and highly unfavourable leadership situations are best dealt with by a ____________ leader.(a) task-motivated(b) laissez-faire(c)
____________ leadership model suggests that leadership style is strongly anchored in personality and therefore hard to change.(a) Trait(b) Fiedler’s(c) Transformational(d) Path-goal
House’s ____________ theory of leadership says that successful leaders find ways to add value to leadership situations.(a) trait(b) path–goal(c) transformational(d) life-cycle
A leader who ____________ would be described as achievement oriented in the path–goal theory.(a) sets challenging goals for others(b) works hard to achieve high performance(c) gives directions and
The critical contingency variable in the Hersey-Blanchard situational model of leadership is ____________.(a) followers’ maturity(b) LPC(c) task structure(d) LMX
Vision, charisma, integrity, and symbolism are all on the list of attributes typically associated with ____________ leaders.(a) contingency(b) informal(c) transformational(d) transactional
The interactive leadership style, sometimes associated with women, is characterized by ____________.(a) inclusion and information sharing(b) use of rewards and punishments(c) command and control(d)
What are the three variables that Fiedler’s contingency model uses to diagnose the favourability of leadership situations, and what does each mean?
When Marcel Henry took over as leader of a new product development team, he was both excited and apprehensive. “I wonder,” he said to himself on the first day in his new assignment, “if I can
In the psychological contract, job security is a(n) ____________, whereas loyalty is a(n) ____________.(a) satisfier factor, hygiene factor(b) intrinsic reward, extrinsic reward(c) inducement,
Self-serving bias is a form of attribution error that involves ____________.(a) blaming yourself for problems caused by others(b) blaming the environment for problems you caused(c) poor emotional
If a new team leader changes job designs for persons on her work team mainly “because I would prefer to work the new way rather than the old,” the chances are that she is committing a perceptual
If a manager allows one characteristic of a person, say a pleasant personality, to bias performance ratings of that individual overall, the manager is committing a perceptual distortion known as
Use of special dress, manners, gestures, and vocabulary words when meeting a prospective employer in a job interview are all examples of how people use ____________ in daily life.(a) projection (b)
A person with a(n) ____________ personality would most likely act unemotionally and manipulatively when trying to influence others to achieve personal goals.(a) extraverted(b) sensation-thinking(c)
When a person believes that he or she has little influence over things that happen in life, this indicates a(n) ____________ personality.(a) low emotional stability(b) external locus of control(c)
Among the Big Five personality traits, ____________ indicates someone who is responsible, dependable, and careful with respect to tasks.(a) authoritarianism(b) agreeableness(c) conscientiousness(d)
The ____________ component of an attitude is what indicates a person’s belief about something, whereas the ____________ component indicates a specific positive or negative feeling about it.(a)
The term used to describe the discomfort someone feels when his or her behaviour is inconsistent with an expressed attitude is ____________.(a) alienation(b) cognitive dissonance(c) job
Job satisfaction is known from research to be a good predictor of ____________.(a) job performance(b) job burnout(c) conscientiousness(d) absenteeism
A person who is always willing to volunteer for extra work or to help someone else with his or her work is acting consistent with strong ____________.(a) job performance (b) self-serving bias (c)
Which statement about the job satisfaction–job performance relationship is most likely based on research?(a) A happy worker will be a productive worker.(b) A productive worker will be a happy
A(n) ____________ represents a rather intense but short-lived feeling about a person or a situation, whereas a(n) ____________ describes a more generalized positive or negative state of mind.(a)
Through ____________, the stress people experience in their personal lives can create problems for them at work while the stress experienced at work can create problems for their personal lives.(a)
What is a healthy psychological contract?
When Scott Yaremchuk picked up a magazine article on how to manage health care workers, he was pleased to find some advice.Scott was concerned about poor or mediocre performance on the part of
Lower-order needs in Maslow’s hierarchy match well with ____________ needs in ERG theory.(a) growth(b) affiliation(c) existence(d) achievement
When a team member shows strong ego needs in Maslow’s hierarchy, the team leader should find that ____________ will be motivating to him or her.(a) alternative work schedules(b) praise and
A worker with a high need for ____________ power in McClelland’s theory tries to use power for the good of the organization.(a) position(b) expert(c) personal(d) social
In Herzberg’s two-factor theory, base pay is considered a(n) ____________ factor.(a) valence(b) satisfier(c) equity(d) hygiene
Which of the following is a correct match?(a) McClelland—ERG theory(b) Skinner—reinforcement theory(c) Vroom—equity theory(d) Locke—expectancy theory
The expectancy theory of motivation says that motivation = expectancy × ____________ × ____________.(a) rewards, valence(b) instrumentality, valence(c) equity, instrumentality(d) valence, equity
When someone has a high and positive “expectancy” in the expectancy theory of motivation, this means that the person ____________.(a) believes he or she can meet performance expectations(b)
In the ____________ theory of motivation, someone who perceives herself under-rewarded relative to a co-worker might be expected to reduce his or her performance in the future.(a) ERG(b) acquired
In goal-setting theory, the goal of “doing a better job” would not be considered a good source of motivation because it fails the test of goal ____________.(a) acceptance (b) specificity (c)
The law of ____________ states that behaviour followed by a positive consequence is likely to be repeated, whereas behaviour followed by an undesirable consequence is not likely to be repeated.(a)
____________ is a positive reinforcement strategy that rewards successive approximations to a desirable behaviour.(a) Extinction(b) Negative reinforcement(c) Shaping(d) Merit pay
B. F. Skinner would argue that “getting a paycheque on Friday” reinforces a person for coming to work on Friday, but it does not reinforce the person for having done an extraordinary job on
When a job is redesigned to allow a person to do a whole unit of work from beginning to end, it becomes high on which core characteristic?(a) Task identity(b) Task significance(c) Task autonomy (d)
A typical compressed workweek schedule involves 40 hours of work done in ____________ days.(a) 3(b) 4(c) 5(d) a flexible number of
A term often used to describe someone who is a long-term but part-time hire is ____________ worker.(a) contingency(b) virtual(c) flexible(d) permatemp
What preferences does a person with a high need for achievement bring to the workplace?
Where is the common ground in Maslow’s, Alderfer’s, and McClelland’s views of human needs?
How can a manager combine the powers of goal setting and positive reinforcement to create a highly motivational work environment for workers with high needs for achievement?
When a group of people is able to achieve more than what its members could by working individually, this is called ____________.(a) social loafing(b) consensus(c) viability(d) synergy
One of the recommended strategies for dealing with a group member who engages in social loafing is to ____________.(a) redefine tasks to make individual contributions more visible(b) ask another
In an organization operating with self-managing teams, the traditional role of ____________ is replaced by the role of team leader.(a) chief executive officer(b) first-line supervisor(c) middle
An effective team is defined as one that achieves high levels of task performance, member satisfaction, and ____________.(a) resource efficiency(b) future viability(c) consensus(d) creativity
In the open-systems model of teams, the ____________ is an important input factor.(a) communication network(b) decision-making method(c) performance norm(d) set of membership characteristics
The team effectiveness equation states the following: Team effectiveness = Quality of inputs + ( ____________ − Process losses).(a) Process gains(b) Leadership impact(c) Membership ability(d)
A basic rule of team dynamics states that the greater the ____________ in a team, the greater the conformity to norms.(a) membership diversity(b) cohesiveness(c) task structure(d) competition among
Members of a team tend to start to get coordinated and comfortable with one another in the ____________ stage of team development.(a) forming(b) norming(c) performing(d) adjourning
One way for a manager to build positive norms within a team is to ____________.(a) act as a positive role model(b) increase group size(c) introduce groupthink(d) isolate the team
To increase the cohesiveness of a group, a manager would be best off ____________.(a) starting competition with other groups(b) increasing the group size(c) acting as a positive role model(d)
Groupthink is most likely to occur in teams that are ____________.(a) large in size(b) diverse in membership (c) high-performing (d) highly cohesive
A team member who does a good job at summarizing discussion, offering new ideas, and clarifying points made by others is providing leadership by contributing ____________ activities to the group
A ____________ decision is one in which all members agree on the course of action to be taken.(a) consensus(b) unanimous(c) majority(d) nominal
A team performing very creative and unstructured tasks is most likely to succeed using ____________.(a) a decentralized communication network(b) decisions by majority rule(c) decisions by minority
Which of the following approaches can help groups achieve creativity in situations where lots of interpersonal conflicts are likely to occur?(a) nominal group technique(b) minority rule(c)
How can a manager improve team effectiveness by modifying inputs?
Marcos Martinez has just been appointed manager of a production team operating the 11 p.m. to 7 a.m. shift in a large manufacturing firm. An experienced manager, Marcos is pleased that the team
When the intended meaning of the sender and the interpreted meaning of the receiver are the same, a communication is ____________.(a) effective(b) persuasive(c) selective(d) efficient
The use of paraphrasing and reflecting back what someone else says in communication is characteristic of ____________.(a) mixed messages(b) active listening(c) projection(d) lose–lose conflict
Which is the best example of a supervisor making feedback descriptive rather than evaluative?(a) You are a slacker.(b) You are not responsible.(c) You cause me lots of problems.(d) You have been late
When interacting with an angry co-worker who is complaining about a work problem, a manager skilled at active listening would most likely try to ____________.(a) suggest that the conversation be held
When a manager uses email to send a message that is better delivered face to face, the communication process suffers from ____________.(a) semantic problems(b) a poor choice of communication
If a visitor to a foreign culture makes gestures commonly used at home even after learning that they are offensive to locals, the visitor can be described as ____________.(a) a passive listener(b)
In order to be consistently persuasive when communicating with others in the workplace, a manager should build credibility by ____________.(a) making sure rewards for compliance are clear(b) making
A manager who understands the importance of proxemics in communication would be likely to ____________.(a) avoid sending mixed messages(b) arrange workspaces so as to encourage interaction(c) be very
A conflict is most likely to be functional and have a positive impact on performance when it is ____________.(a) based on emotions (b) resolved by arbitration (c) caused by resource scarcities (d) of
An appeal to higher-level goals is an example of a(n) ____________ approach to conflict management.(a) avoidance(b) structural(c) dysfunctional(d) self-serving
The conflict management style with the greatest potential for true conflict resolution involves ____________.(a) compromise(b) competition(c) smoothing(d) collaboration
When a person is highly cooperative but not very assertive in approaching conflict, the conflict management style is referred to as ____________.(a) avoidance(b) authoritative(c) smoothing(d)
The three criteria of an effective negotiation are quality, cost, and ____________.(a) harmony(b) timeliness(c) efficiency(d) effectiveness

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