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physics
college physics 2nd

Questions and Answers of College Physics 2nd

A 1400 kg car drives at 27 m/s over a circular hill that has a radius of 430 m. At the point shown in Figure P6.57, what is the normal force on the car? FIGURE P6.57 30
In a recent study of how mice negotiate turns, the mice ran around a circular 90° turn on a track with a radius of 0.15 m. The maximum speed measured for a mouse (mass = 18.5 g) running around this
It is well known that runners run more slowly around a curved track than a straight one. One hypothesis to explain this is that the total force from the track on a runner’s feet— the magnitude of
Biologists have studied the running ability of the northern quoll, a marsupial indigenous to Australia. In one set of experiments, they studied the maximum speed that quolls could run around a curved
You are driving your car through a roundabout that has a radius of 9.0 m. Your physics textbook is lying on the seat next to you. What is the fastest speed at which you can go around the curve
In the Wall of Death carnival attraction, stunt motorcyclists ride around the inside of a large, 10-m-diameter wooden cylinder that has vertical walls. The coefficient of static friction between the
In the swing carousel amusement park ride, riders sit in chairs that are attached by a chain to a large rotating drum. As the carousel turns, the riders move in a large circle with the chains tilted
The torque needed to open a factory-sealed jar is about the same as the torque required to turn the wheel on a passenger car. You know that the force necessary to turn your car’s steering wheel is
The chain on a bicycle turns the rear wheel via a gear cluster, as shown in Figure Q7.6. The gears vary in size; the smallest gear has a radius of 2.3 cm, the largest a radius of 6.0 cm. If we assume
Figure P7.10 shows a graph of the motion of the blades of a blender that is starts empty and is initially turned off. Then the power is turned on at the highest speed setting, some ice cubes are
The earth’s radius is 6.37 × 106 m; it rotates once every 24 hours.a. What is the earth’s angular speed?b. Viewed from a point above the north pole, is the angular velocity positive or
You have two identical-looking metal spheres of the same size and the same mass. One is solid; the other is hollow. If you place them on a ramp, the gravitational torques that make them roll down the
The bigclaw snapping shrimp shown in Figure P7.14 is aptly named—it has one big claw that snaps shut with remarkable speed. The part of the claw that moves rotates through a 90° angle in 1.3 ms.
In a softball windmill pitch, the pitcher rotates her arm through just over half a circle, bringing the ball from a point above her shoulder and slightly forward to a release point below her shoulder
Getting on a so-called “tall bike” is harder than mounting a regular bike. But once a rider is in place, it is easier to balance on the tall bike, and the bike can be safely ridden at very slow
Water parks often include a log rolling area, in which participants try to stay upright while balancing on top of floating logs that are free to rotate in the water. If you’ve tried this, you know
Specifications require the oil filter for your car to be tightened with a torque of 30 N • m. You are using a 15-cm-long oil filter wrench, and you apply a force at the very end of the wrench in
The two ends of the barbell shown in Figure Q7.22 are made of the same material. Which of the points shown is at the barbell’s center of gravity? FIGURE Q7.22 A B C
We can model a pine tree in the forest as having a compact canopy at the top of a relatively bare trunk. Wind blowing on the top of the tree exerts a horizontal force, and thus a torque that can
A man is holding the yoga position shown in Figure Q7.23. The center of gravity of the combination of his head, arms, and torso is shown as a red symbol on his torso; the center of mass of his legs
A typical jar that has been tightened to a reasonable degree requires 2.0 N • m to open. If you grab a 7.0-cm-diameter jar lid with one hand so that your thumb and fingers exert equal magnitude
When you stand quietly, you pivot back and forth a very small amount about your ankles. It’s easier to maintain stability if you tip slightly forward, so that your center of gravity is slightly in
A driver holds his hands on opposite sides of the 35-cm-diameter steering wheel in a modern sports car. A torque of 4.5 N • m is required to turn the wheel. If the driver applies an equal force on
U.S. nickels have a mass of 5.00 g and are 1.95 mm thick. If you stack 3 nickels on a table, how far above the table is their center of gravity?
We can model a small merry-go-round as a uniform circular disk with mass 88 kg and diameter 1.8 m. How many 22 kg children need to ride the merry-go-round, standing right at the outer edge, to double
The lightweight wheel on a road bike has a moment of inertia of 0.097 kg • m2 . A mechanic, checking the alignment of the wheel, gives it a quick spin; it completes 5 rotations in 2.0 s. To bring
The engine in a small airplane is specified to have a torque of 500 N • m. This engine drives a 2.0-m-long, 40 kg single-blade propeller. On startup, how long does it take the propeller to reach
A gymnast on the uneven parallel bars is at rest, tipped at a 45° angle from the vertical. The distance from her hands to her feet is 1.8 m. If we model her body as having a uniform cross section
A man in a barrel walking competition is moving along smoothly, with his barrel moving forward at 1.0 m/s.a. Think about how the man moves his legs. Is he walking forward or backward?b. From the
A spin bike is an indoor bike that is designed to duplicate the feeling of regular road cycling. A typical spin bike has a very heavy flywheel. A friction pad or other brake provides damping that
A 17 g audio compact disk has a diameter of 12 cm. The disk spins under a laser that reads encoded data. The first track to be read is 2.3 cm from the axis; as the disk plays, the laser scans tracks
A trap-jaw ant has mandibles that can snap shut with some force, as you might expect from its name. The formidable snap is good for more than capturing prey. When an ant snaps its jaws against the
Starting at 48th Street, Dylan rides his bike due east on Meridian Road with the wind at his back. He rides for 20 min at 15 mph. He then stops for 5 min, turns around, and rides back to 48th Street;
An elevator in a high-rise building goes up and down at the same speed. Starting at the ground floor, Rafael and Monica ride up five floors, a vertical rise of 20 m. The elevator stops for 10 s as
Figure P2.15 shows actual data from Usain Bolt’s 2009 word-record run in the 100 m sprint. From this graph, estimate his top speed in m/s and in mph. FIGURE P2.15 x (m) 100+ 80 56 20 60 40- 20- 0 0
An object has the acceleration graph shown in Figure P2.23. Its velocity at t = 0 s is vx = 2.0 m/s. Draw the object’s velocity graph. FIGURE P2.23 a, (m/s) 2+ 1 0 2 4 6 8 10 1(s)
In a car crash, large accelerations of the head can lead to severe injuries or even death. A driver can probably survive an acceleration of 50g that lasts for less than 30 ms, but in a crash with a
Upon impact, bicycle helmets compress, thus lowering the potentially dangerous acceleration experienced by the head. A new kind of helmet uses an airbag that deploys from a pouch worn around the
The velocity-versus-time graph for the vertical jump of a green leafhopper, a small insect, is shown in Figure P2.42. This insect is unusual because it jumps with nearly constant acceleration. a.
Scientists have investigated how quickly hoverflies start beating their wings when dropped both in complete darkness and in a lighted environment. Starting from rest, the insects were dropped from
Steelhead trout migrate upriver to spawn. Occasionally they need to leap up small waterfalls to continue their journey. Fortunately, steelhead are remarkable jumpers, capable of leaving the water at
Jenny and Alyssa are members of the cross-country team. On a training run, Jenny starts off and runs at a constant 3.8 m/s. Alyssa starts 15 s later and runs at a constant 4.0 m/s. At what time after
Scientists have studied two species of sand lizards, the Mojave fringe-toed lizard and the western zebra-tailed lizard, to understand the extent to which the different structure of the two species’
Haley is driving down a straight highway at 75 mph. A construction sign warns that the speed limit will drop to 55 mph in 0.50 mi. What constant acceleration (in m/s) will bring Haley to this lower
Carla holds a ball 1.5 m above the ground. Daniel, leaning out of a car window, also holds a ball 1.5 m above the ground. Daniel drives past Carla at 40 mph and, just as he passes her, both release
Roller coaster loops are rarely perfectly circular. Instead, they are tightly curved at the top, where the cars are moving more slowly, and they have a gentler curve at the bottom, where the cars are
Anna is running to the right, as shown in Figure Q3.19. Balls 1 and 2 are thrown toward her by friends standing on the ground. According to Anna, both balls are approaching her at the same speed.
At a football game, an air gun fires T-shirts into the crowd. The gun is fired at an angle of 40° from the horizontal with an initial speed of 28 m/s. A fan who is sitting 60 m horizontally from the
Liam throws a water balloon horizontally at 8.2 m/s out of a window 10 m from the ground. How far from the base of the building does the balloon land?A. 4.2 mB. 8.0 mC. 12 mD. 15 mE. 18 m
A cannon tilted upward at 30° fires a cannonball with a speed of 100 m/s. At that instant, what is the component of the cannonball’s velocity parallel to the ground?
Janelle stands on a balcony, two stories above Michael. She throws one ball straight up and one ball straight down, but both with the same initial speed. Eventually each ball passes Michael. Which
A running mountain lion can make a leap 10.0 m long, reaching a maximum height of 3.0 m.a. What is the speed of the mountain lion just as it leaves the ground?b. At what angle does it leave the
Emily throws a soccer ball out of her dorm window to Allison, who is waiting below to catch it. If Emily throws the ball at an angle of 30° below horizontal with a speed of 12 m/s, how far from the
A soccer player takes a free kick from a spot that is 20 m from the goal. The ball leaves his foot at an angle of 32°, and it eventually hits the crossbar of the goal, which is 2.4 m from the
The moon completes one (circular) orbit of the earth in 27.3 days. The distance from the earth to the moon is 3.84 × 108 m. What is the moon’s centripetal acceleration?
In the 2016 Olympics in Rio, after the 50 m freestyle competition, a problem with the pool was found. In lane 1 there was a gentle 1.2 cm/s current flowing in the direction that the swimmers were
In punting a football, the kicker tries to maximize both the distance of the kick and its “hang time”—the time that the ball is in the air. A kicker gets off a great punt with a hang time of
Paintball guns were originally developed to mark trees for logging. A forester aims his gun directly at a knothole in a tree that is 4.0 m above the gun. The base of the tree is 20 m away. The speed
A BMX bicycle rider takes off from a ramp at a point 1.8 m above the ground. The ramp is angled at 40° from the horizontal, and the rider’s speed is 6.7 m/s when he leaves the ramp. How far from
When your car accelerates away from a stop sign, you feel like you’re being pushed back into your seat. Can you identify the force that is pushing you back? If not, why do you feel like you’re
A girl is swinging on a rope. Identify the forces acting on the girl at the very top of her swing.
You’re exploring a cave. Standing in a low cavern, you steady yourself by pushing straight up on the rock ceiling. Identify the forces acting on you.
You’re pushing horizontally on a large crate, but it won’t budge. According to Newton’s third law, the crate pushes back on you with the same magnitude of force that you exert on it. Suddenly
A student builds a rocket-propelled cart for a science project. Its acceleration is not quite high enough to win a prize, so he uses a larger rocket engine that provides 33% more thrust, although
In a crash test, a car is driven into a solid wall at a speed of 35 mph. Figure P4.22 shows the car’s acceleration as it crashes into the wall. What is the maximum force experienced by the 1650 kg
The Lamborghini Huracán has an initial acceleration of 0.75g. Its mass, with driver, is 1510 kg. If an 80 kg passenger rode along, what would the car’s acceleration be?
A 55 kg ice skater is gliding along at 3.5 m/s. Five seconds later her speed has dropped to 2.9 m/s. What is the magnitude of the kinetic friction acting on her skates?
Craig is trying to push a heavy crate up a wooden ramp, but the crate won’t budge. The direction of the static friction force acting on the crate isA. Up the ramp.B. Down the ramp.C. The
The IKAROS spacecraft, launched in 2010, was designed to test the feasibility of solar sails for spacecraft propulsion. These large, ultralight sails are pushed on by the force of light from the sun,
A cannonball has just been shot out of a cannon aimed 45° above the horizontal. Drag cannot be neglected.
The light turns green and you accelerate rapidly forward so that you and your passenger feel “thrown back” into your seat. Consider your passenger to be the object.
Researchers have measured the acceleration of racing greyhounds as a function of their speed; a simplified version of their results is shown in Figure P4.67. The acceleration at low speeds is
In researching the forces that act on flying birds, scientists studied the motion of cockatiels’ bodies as they fly in horizontal flight. As the birds beat their wings, their bodies move up and
Suppose you are holding a box in front of you and away from your body by squeezing the sides, as shown in Figure Q5.10. Draw a free-body diagram showing all of the forces on the box. What is the
Wood block 1 in Figure Q5.22, which has a mass of 1.0 kg, is at rest on a wood ramp. The angle of the ramp is 20° above horizontal. What is the smallest mass of block 2 that will start block 1
A bicyclist rides down a hill with a 3.0° slope; he attains a terminal speed of 15.0 m/s. What terminal speed would he reach if he went down a 6.0° slope?a. 17 m/sb. 21 m/sc. 26 m/s d. 30
The bush baby, a small African mammal, is a remarkable jumper. Although only about 8 inches long, it can jump, from a standing start, straight up to a height of over 7 feet! Use the particle model to
Mark and Sofia walk together down a long, straight road. They walk without stopping for 4 miles. At this point Sofia says their displacement during the trip must have been 4 miles; Mark says their
Your friend Travis claims to have set the new world speed record for riding a unicycle. His top speed, he says, was 55 m/s.Do you believe him? Explain.
Hicham El Guerrouj of Morocco holds the world record in the 1500 m running race. He ran the final 400 m in a time of 51.9 s. What was his average speed in mph over the last 400 m?A. 14.2 mph B. 15.5
Logan observes a paramecium under a microscope. The eyepiece of the microscope has a horizontal scale marked in mm. The paramecium starts at the 65 mm mark and ends up at the 42 mm mark. What is the
In Michael Johnson’s world-record 400 m sprint, he ran the first 100 m in 11.20 s; then he reached the 200 m mark after a total time of 21.32 s had elapsed, reached the 300 m mark after 31.76 s,
In downtown Chicago, the east-west blocks are 400 ft long while the north-south blocks are 280 ft long. Because of the many one-way streets, it can be challenging to get around. Veronica starts at
Luis is visiting a public garden that has a large, circular path. When he has walked one-quarter of the distance around the path, the magnitude of his displacement is 180 m. What is the diameter of
Figure P1.36 shows a map of Olivia’s trip to a coffee shop. She gets on her bike at Loomis and then rides south 0.8 mi to Broadway. She turns east onto Broadway, rides 0.8 mi to where Broadway
The Great Pyramid of Giza is 139 m tall, with a slope of 51.8°. If you were to climb the pyramid from base to top (which is forbidden!), what distance along the face of the pyramid would you travel?
Estimate the length of a human lifetime, in seconds.
On a highway trip, Joseph drives the first 25 miles at 55 mph, and the next 15 miles at 70 mph. What is his average speed for this trip?
Evan is just leaving his house to visit his grandmother. Normally, the trip takes him 25 minutes on the freeway, going 55 mph. But tonight he’s running 5 minutes late. How fast will he need to
Gretchen runs the first 4.0 km of a race at 5.0 m/s. Then a stiff wind comes up, so she runs the last 1.0 km at only 4.0 m/s. If she later ran the same course again, what constant speed would let her
If you swim with the current in a river, your speed is increased by the speed of the water; if you swim against the current, your speed is decreased by the water’s speed. The current in a river
The Greenland shark is thought to be the longest-living vertebrate on earth. Early estimates of its maximum age were based on the fact that such sharks grow in length only about a centimeter per
The winner of the 2016 Keystone (Colorado) Uphill/ Downhill mountain bike race finished in a total time of 47 minutes and 25 seconds. The uphill leg was 4.6 miles long, and on this leg his average
Erica is participating in a road race. The first part of the race is on a 5.2-mile-long straight road oriented at an angle of 25° north of east. The road then turns due north for another 4.0 mi to
(a) The most common decay mode of the Using the quantum numbers in the table given above, show that strangeness changes by 1, baryon number and charge are conserved, and lepton family numbers are
2H is a loosely bound isotope of hydrogen. Called deuterium or heavy hydrogen, it is stable but relatively rare-it is 0.015% of natural hydrogen. Note that deuterium has Z = N, which should tend to
209Bi is the heaviest stable nuclide, and its BE/A is low compared with medium-mass nuclides. Calculate BE/A, the binding energy per nucleon, for 209Bi and compare it with the approximate value
The purpose of this problem is to show in three ways that the binding energy of the electron in a hydrogen atom is negligible compared with the masses of the proton and electron.(a) Calculate the
A linear accelerator designed to produce a beam of 800-MeV protons has 2000 accelerating tubes. What average voltage must be applied between tubes (such as in the gaps in Figure 33.9) to achieve the
Confirm that each of the reactions listed for plutonium breeding just following Example 32.4 conserves the total number of nucleons, the total charge, and electron family number.Data from Example

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