Questions and Answers of Organic Chemistry 4th

Formic acid, HCO2H, has pKa = 3.75, and picric acid, C6H3N3O7, has pKa = 0.38.(a) What is the Ka of each?(b) Which is stronger, formic acid or picric acid?
Amide ion, H2N-, is a stronger base than hydroxide ion, HO-. Which is the stronger acid, H2NOH (ammonia) or HO-H (water)? Explain.
Fill in any unshared electrons that are missing from the following linebond structures: (a) H3C CH3 Dimethyl disulfide (b) H3C NH₂ Acetamide (c) H3C Acetate ion
Use the electronegativity values in Figure 1.14 to predict which of the indicated bonds in each of the following sets is more polar. Tell the direction of the polarity in each.(a) ClOCH3 or ClOCl(b)
The following model is that of aspartame, C14H18N2O5, known commercially under many names, including NutraSweet. Only the connections between atoms are shown; multiple bonds are not indicated.
Use Figure 1.14 to order the following molecules according to increasing positive character of the carbon atom:Fig 1.14 CH3F, CH₂OH, CH3Li, CH3I, CH3CH3, CH3NH2
How many valence electrons does each of the following atoms have?(a) Oxygen(b) Magnesium(c) Fluorine
Give the ground-state electron configuration of the following elements. For example, carbon is 1s2, 2s2, 2p2.(a) Lithium(b) Sodium(c) Aluminum(d) Sulfur
What are the likely formulas of the following molecules?(a) AlCl?(b) CF2Cl?(c) NI?(d) CH?O
What values do you expect for the indicated bond angles in each of the following molecules, and what kind of hybridization do you expect for the central atom in each? (a) H₂N-CH₂-C-OH Glycine (an
Write an electron-dot structure for acetonitrile, CH3ΞqN. How many electrons does the nitrogen atom have in its valence shell? How many are used for bonding, and how many are not used for bonding?
There are two structures with the formula C4H10. Draw them, and tell how they differ.
What is the hybridization of each carbon atom in benzene? What shape do you expect benzene to have? H H-C H C=C C-C H C-H H Benzene
Convert the following molecular formulas into line bond structures:(a) C3H8(b) C3H7Br (two possibilities)(c) C3H6 (two possibilities)(d) C2H6O (two possibilities)
Draw a three-dimensional representation of the OH bearing carbon atom in ethanol, CH3CH2OH.
Draw line-bond structures for the following molecules:(a) Ethyl methyl ether, C3H8O, which contains an oxygen atom bonded to two carbons(b) Butane, C4H10, which contains a chain of four carbon
Which, if any, of the four substances in Problem 1.60 are strong enough acids to react almost completely with NaOH?Problem 1.60Rank the following substances in order of increasing acidity:
Oxaloacetic acid, an important intermediate in food metabolism, has the formula C4H4O5 and contains three C=O bonds and two O-H bonds. Propose two possible structures.
Identify the bonds in the following molecules as covalent, polar covalent, or ionic:(a) BeF2(b) SiH4(c) CBr4
Is the bicarbonate anion (HCO3-) a strong enough base to react with methanol (CH3OH)? In other words, does the following reaction take place as written? CH3OH + HCO3 ? CH3O + H₂CO3
Sodium methoxide, NaOCH3, contains both ionic and covalent bonds. Indicate which is which.
Identify the most electronegative element in each of the following molecules:(a) CH2FCl(b) FCH2CH2CH2Br(c) HOCH2CH2NH2(d) CH3OCH2Li
What is the hybridization of each carbon atom in acetonitrile, CH3Cq Ξ N?
Which of the following substances are likely to behave as Lewis acids and which as Lewis bases?(a) AlBr3(b) CH3CH2NH2(c) HF(d) CH3SCH3
The ammonium ion, NH4+, has a geometry identical that of methane, CH4. What kind of hybridization do you think the nitrogen atom has? Explain.
Draw an orbital picture of allene, H2C=PH2. What hybridization must the central carbon atom have form two double bonds? What shape does allene have?
Draw an electron-dot structure and an orbital picture for carbon dioxide, CO2. What kind of hybridization does the carbon atom have? What is the relationship between CO2 and Allene.
Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, often referred to as NSAIDs, are commonly used to treat minor aches and pains. Four of the most common NSAIDs are:(a) How many sp3-hybridized carbons are present
Herbicides that differ greatly in structure also often differ in how they act.(a) How many sp3-hybridized carbons are present in 2,4-D?(b) How many sp2-hybridized carbons are present in Roundup?(c)

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