A block of mass 20 g sits at rest on a plate that is at the top of the fluid on one side of a U-tube as shown in Figure P10.38. The U-tube contains two different fluids with densities 1 = 1000 kg/m...

We want to make a Fresnel zone plate with a principal focal length of 2.00 m for krypton ion laser light of wavelength 647 nm. How big should the central transparent disk be? If it has 30 transparent...

Figure P11.3 shows the displacement of a simple harmonic oscillator as a function of time. (a) Find the period, frequency, and amplitude of the oscillator.? (b) At what time(s) does the acceleration...

A friend of yours is asked to design a swing using two ropes attached to the branch of a tree, and he shows you the design as sketched in Figure Q11.1. Explain why this design will not work very...

The children in Figure Q17.8 are rubbing balloons on their hair and then placing the balloons on the wall and ceiling. If the rubbing process puts excess electrons on the balloon, how does the...

Explain why the childs hair in Figure Q17.8 is standing on end. Figure Q17.8

Two particles with electric charges Q and -3Q are separated by a distance of 1.2 m. (a) If Q = 4.5 C, what is the electric force between the two particles? (b) If Q = -4.5 C, how does the answer...

A particle of positive charge is released from rest and is found to move as a result of an electric force. Does the particle move to a region of higher or lower potential energy? Does the particle...

Repeat Question 6 for an electron. Data From Problem 6 A particle of positive charge is released from rest and is found to move as a result of an electric force. Does the particle move to a region of...

An electron is moved from an initial location where the potential is V i = 30 V to a final location where V f = 150 V. What is the change in the electrons potential energy? Express your answer in...

A proton moves from a location where V = 75 V to a spot where V = -20 V. (a) What is the change in the protons kinetic energy? (b) If we replace the proton with an electron, what is the change in...

An incandescent lightbulb contains a fi lament that has a certain electrical resistance R. The brightness of the bulb depends on the current and increases as the current through the fi lament is...

If the diameter of a piece of wire is reduced by a factor of 2.5, by what factor does the resistance change?

If the current through a resistor is increased by a factor of 3, by what factor does the voltage change?

The photo in Figure Q20.1 shows a beam of electrons moving from right to left in a glass tube in which a vacuum has been established. This beam is deflected downward by a magnetic field. What is the...

A conducting loop is pulled at constant velocity through a region in which the magnetic field is constant, both inside and outside the loop (Fig. Q21.8). Explain why the induced emf is zero. *B ...

A metal bar of length L 1.5 m slides along two horizontal metal rails as shown in Figure P21.14. A magnetic field of magnitude B 2.3 T is directed vertically. (a) If the bar is moving at speed v 0.54...

A metal bar of length L = 0.60 m slides freely on two frictionless, horizontal metal rails as shown in Figure P21.25. The entire circuit has resistance R = 200. A magnetic field B = 1.5 T is directed...

An angler observes a fish whose image is 10 m from the shore. Is this fish closer to or farther from the shore than its image? Explain. Draw a ray diagram.

What is the average speed of a molecule of H 2 O in the atmosphere? Assume a nice spring day with T = 20C (= 293 K).

Two cylindrical resistors are made from the same material and have the same length. When connected across the same battery, one dissipates twice as much power as the other. How do their diameters...

A 3-g snail crawls at 0.5 mm/s between two rocks 15 cm apart. Treating this system as an infinite square well, determine the approximate quantum number. Does the correspondence principle permit the...

Kerosene at 25?C is flowing in the system shown in Fig. 11.21. The total length of 50 mm OD ? 1.5 mm wall hydraulic copper tubing is 30 m. The two 90? bends havea radius of 300 mm. Calculate the...

List 10 items that must be specified for pumps.

A venturi meter similar to the one in Fig. 15.2 is attached to a 4-in Schedule 40 steel pipe and has a throat diameter of 1.50 in. Determine the pressure difference across the meter that would be...

Suppose a star had a cool interior surrounded by a hot atmosphere. What kind of spectrum would it have?

The suns energy comes from a. Nuclear fission b. Radioactivity c. The conversion of hydrogen to helium d. The conversion of helium to hydrogen

Describe the spin spin splitting patterns that you expect for each signal in the 1H NMR spectra of the five bromocyclopropane derivatives illustrated in Problem 35. Note that in these compounds the...

Rework Problem 37 as it pertains to 13 C NMR spectroscopy. Rework Problem 37 For each compound in each of the following groups of isomers, indicate the number of signals in the 1 H NMR spectrum, the...

Name each of the compounds below, using the IUPAC system of nomenclature. CI OH () (b) (d) () (f)

Show how you would synthesize each of the following molecules from an alkene of appropriate structure (your choice). Br H () (b) I (meso-4R,5S-isomer) H Br H Br Br H (d) (Racemate of 4R,5R and 4S,5S...

Propose efficient methods for accomplishing each of the following transformations. Most will require more than one step. Br () (b) (meso-2R,3Sisomer) () (Racemate of 2R,3R and 2S,3S isomers)...

(a) Write the expected product of the reaction of 3-octyne with Na in liquid NH 3 . (b) When the same reaction is carried out with cyclooctyne (Problem 33b), the product is cis-cyclooctene, not...

Starting with cyclohexene, propose a reasonable synthesis of the cyclohexene derivative shown in the margin. OH

Rank the compounds in each of the following groups in order of decreasing reactivity toward electrophilic substitution. Explain your rankings. || OCCH3 CH3 CHCI, CH,CI OCH; O Na+ () (b) CH,CH;...

Give the product(s) that would be expected on reaction of 3-pentanone with 1 equivalent of LDA, followed by addition of 1 equivalent of () CH,H,Br (b) (CH),CI () (CH)-CH,OS- CH3 (d) (CH),CI

Give the likely products for each of the following aldol addition reactions. NaOH, H,O () 2 -CH,CHO NaOH, H,O (b) - + (H3)CHO NaOH, H,O CH3 NaOH, H,O () H3C (d) CH3

Aldol condensations may be catalyzed by acids. Suggest a role for H1 in the acid-catalyzed version.

Give the expected product(s) of each of the following reactions. 1. LDA, THF 2. BICH,COCH, H 1. LDA, THF 2. CH.CH Br, HMPA (a) CH,CCH,CH,CH3 (b) 0:

The aqueous hydroxide-promoted reaction of the compound shown in the margin with (CH 3 ) 3 CCHO yields exclusively one compound. Which one is it? (a) (b) (c) (d) H;CC -CH;

For each species in Problem 32, indicate the resonance form that is the major contributor to the resonance hybrid. Explain your choices. Data From Problem 32 CH3 () (b) () (d)

Rank each of the following groups of organic compounds in order of decreasing acidity. (a) (b) (c) (d) (e) CH;CH,CO,H, CH;CCH,OH, CH;CH,CH,OH

Formulate a mechanism for the acid-catalyzed transesterifi cation of ethyl 2-methylpropanoate (ethyl isobutyrate) into the corresponding methyl ester. Your mechanism should clearly illustrate the...

Formulate a mechanism for the reaction of butanedioic (succinic) anhydride with methanol shown on p. 935. Data From Problem 935 CH,OH H; + Alcoholysis (ester formation) 83% Propanoic anhydride...

For each of the naturally occurring lactones below, draw the structure of the compound that would result from hydrolysis using aqueous base. (a) (b) (c) Sedanenolide, major contributor to the flavor...

Give the products of reaction of -valerolactone (5-methyloxa-2-cyclopentanone,) with each of the reagents in Problem 39. Data From Problem 39 (a) NaOH, H 2 O, heat; then H + , H 2 O (b) (CH 3 ) 2...

A common application of the Cope rearrangement is in ring-enlargement sequences. Fill in the reagents and products missing from the following scheme, which illustrates the construction of a...

A fluid of unknown density is used in two manometersone sealed-end, the other across an orifice in a water pipeline. The readings shown here are obtained on a day when barometric pressure is 756 mm...

Using the methods described in this chapter, design a multistep synthesis of each of the following molecules, making use of the indicated building blocks as the sources of all the carbon atoms in...

A compound with m.p. = -22C has a parent peak in its mass spectrum at m/z = 113. The 1 H NMR spectrum shows absorptions at = 1.2 (t, 3 H), 3.5 (s, 2 H), and 4.2 (q, 2 H). The IR spectrum exhibits...

Which of the following compounds would you expect to be the major organic product of the two-step sequence shown here? (a) (b) (c) (d) H3 THF CH,CHI + (CH;CH),NLi

An artificial kidney is a device that removes water and waste metabolites from blood. In one such device, the hollow fiber hemodialyzer, blood flows from an artery through the insides of a bundle of...

Liquid water is fed to a boiler at 24C and 10 bar and is converted at constant pressure to saturated steam. (a) Use the steam tables to calculate H(kJ/kg) for this process, and then determine the...

Iron in the form of fine wire burns in oxygen to form iron(III) oxide. 4Fe(s) + 3O 2 (g) 2Fe 2 O 3 (s) How many moles of O 2 are needed to produce 7.38 mol Fe 2 O 3 ?

Pure ethane is burned completely with preheated 20% excess air. The combustion product gas passes through an insulated heat exchanger (the preheater) in which it transfers heat to the air that will...

Complete and balance the nuclear equations for the following fission or fusion reactions: (a) (b) H + H3He

Tell whether the compounds of each pair are enantiomers, diastereomers, constitutional isomers, or not isomeric. a. b. c. d. CHO H- -OH HO- HO and H- H- HO- HO- H,OH H2OH

Listed below are four compounds that have the molecular formula C 6 H 6 . Which of these compounds would yield only one monosubstitution product, if, for example, one hydrogen were replaced by...

Is it possible to precipitate 99.0% of 0.010 M Ce 3 + by adding oxalate (C 2 O 2 4 - ) without precipitating 0.010 M Ca 2 + ? CaC 2 O 4 Ksp = 1.3 10 -8 Ce 2 (C 2 O 4 ) 3 Ksp = 5.9 10 -30

Consider a binomial experiment with n = 10 and p = .10. a. Compute f (0). b. Compute f (2). c. Compute P(x 2). d. Compute P(x 1). e. Compute E(x). f. Compute Var(x) and s.

a. Which of the following reaction mixtures ill produce hydrogen more quickly at room temperature? (i) Zinc granules + dilute nitric acid (ii) Zinc powder + dilute nitric acid b. Give an explanation...

(a) Hydrogen peroxide (HOOH) has a pK a of 11.6, making it roughly 10,000 times as strong an acid as water (pK a = 15.7). Explain why H 2 O 2 is a stronger acid than H 2 O. (b) In contrast to part...

Show how you would use Robinson annulations to synthesize the following compounds. Work backward, remembering that the cyclohexenone is the new ring and that the double bond of the cyclohexenone is...

Show how you would accomplish the following multistep conversions. You may use any additional reagents you need. a. b. c. d. dimethyl adipate and allyl bromide

Conceptual Example 7 provides useful background for this problem. Workers have loaded a delivery truck in such a way that its center of gravity is only slightly forward of the rear axle, as shown in...

Copy and complete the table shown below: measurement unit symbol length kilogram ?

Calcium oxide reacts with hydrochloric acid according to the equation: CaO + 2HCl CaCl 2 + H 2 O a. What mass of calcium chloride is formed when 28.05 g of calcium oxide reacts with excess...

a. Define the following: i. 1st ionisation energy. ii. 3rd ionisation energy. b. Give the equations representing: i. The 1st ionisation energy of magnesium ii. The 3rd ionisation energy of magnesium....

a. The first six ionisation energies of an element are 1090, 2350, 4610, 6220, 37800 and 47300 kJ mol 1 . Which group in the Periodic Table does this element belong to? Explain your decision. b. Draw...

The drawing below shows the overlap of two hybrid orbitals to form a bond in a hydrocarbon. (a) Which of the following types of bonds is being formed: (i) CC s, (ii) CC p or (iii) CH s? (b) Which of...

An R-410a heat pump cycle shown in Fig. P4.123 has an R-410a flow rate of 0.1 lbm/s with 4 Btu/s into the compressor. The following data are given: Calculate the heat transfer from the compressor,...

Draw dot-and-cross diagrams for the following covalently bonded molecules; show only the outer electron shells: a. Ethene, CH 2 CH 2 b. Carbon disulfide, CS 2 .

More and more shoppers prefer to do their holiday shopping online from companies such as Amazon. Suppose we have a group of 10 shoppers; 7 prefer to do their holiday hopping online and 3 prefer to do...

Buckeye Creek Amusement Park is open from the beginning of May to the end of October. Buckeye Creek relies heavily on the sale of season passes. The sale of season passes brings in significant...

Use the information given in Table 3.6 on p. 43 to work out the formula for: a. Silver oxide b. Zinc chloride c. Potassium sulfate d. Calcium nitrate e. Iron(ii) nitrate f. Copper(ii) carbonate g....

A stone is thrown horizontally from the top of a vertical cliff and lands 4.0 s later at a distance 12.0 m from the base of the cliff. Ignore air resistance. a. Calculate the horizontal speed of the...

Trials on the surface of a new road show that, when a car skids to a halt, its acceleration is 7.0 m s 2 . Estimate the skid-to-stop distance of a car travelling at a speed limit of 30 m s 1...

Figure 6.18 shows the momentum vectors for two identical particles, 1 and 2, before and after a collision. Particle 2 was at rest before the collision. Show that momentum is conserved in this...

Describe how to use a newton-meter, a micrometer screw gauge, a metal cube of side approximately 1.0 cm and a beaker of water to show experimentally that Archimedes principle is correct. The density...

The diagram shows part of a membrane containing a channel protein. Part of the protein molecule is shaded. a. Identify the parts labelled A, B and C. b. For each of the following, state whether the...

Explain why, in remote mountainous regions, such as the Hindu Kush, radio signals from terrestrial transmitters can be received, but television reception can only be received from satellite...

A sample of 39 ground beetles was captured from an area of waste ground measuring 100 25 metres. Each animal was marked and then released. A second sample of 35 was caught on the following day. Of...

Light is an important abiotic factor that determines the distribution and abundance of plants. Some plants are adapted to grow in areas of low light intensity. They are known as shade plants. Some...

Woodlice are small terrestrial crustaceans that feed on organic matter in leaf litter and in the soil. While carrying out an ecological survey in woodland, a student noticed that there seemed to be...

Stoneflies, Plecoptera spp., lay eggs in freshwater streams and rivers. The eggs hatch into nymphs which live in the water for several years before changing to adults. Stonefly nymphs are known as...

The symbols below describe two isotopes of the element uranium. 235 92 U 238 92 U a. State the meaning of the term isotope. b. i. In what ways are these two isotopes of uranium identical? ii. In what...

a. Describe the structure of an atom, giving details of the subatomic particles present. b. Explain the terms atomic number and nucleon number. c. Copy and complete the table: d. Explain why atoms...

When ammonia gas and hydrogen chloride gas mix together, they react to form a solid called ammonium chloride. a. Write a balanced equation for this reaction, including state symbols. b. Calculate the...

When sodium reacts with titanium chloride (TiCl 4 ), sodium chloride (NaCl) and titanium (Ti) are produced. a. Write the balanced symbol equation for the reaction. b. What mass of titanium is...

Hydrocarbons are compounds of carbon and hydrogen only. Hydrocarbon Z is composed of 80% carbon and 20% hydrogen. a. Calculate the empirical formula of hydrocarbon Z. (A r values: C = 12.0, H = 1.0)...

The graph shows a sketch of log 10 ionisation energy against number of electrons removed for magnesium. Use this sketch graph to answer the following questions. a. Explain why the first two electrons...

The table below shows the 1st ionisation energies, H i1 , in kJ mol 1, of the elements in Period 3 of the Periodic Table. a. Explain why there is a general increase in the value of H i1 across the...

a. The boiling points of the halogens are: fluorine 188 C chlorine 35 C bromine +59 C iodine +184 C i. Describe the trend in these boiling points going down Group 17. ii. Explain the trend in these...

Aluminium chloride, AlCl 3 , and ammonia, NH 3 , are both covalent molecules. a. i. Draw a diagram of an ammonia molecule, showing its shape. Show any lone pairs of electrons. ii. State the bond...

1-bromobutane will undergo reactions when heated, as shown by reactions A and B. a. For reactions A and B give the reagents used in each case. b. Reaction A was repeated using 1-iodobutane instead of...

A particle is placed on the inside of a rough, hollow cylinder of radius 2a. The cylinder is placed upright and 43 can rotate about an axis through its centre. The particle has mass in and the...

This free-body diagram shows three forces that act on a stone hanging at rest from two strings. a. Calculate the horizontal component of the tension in each string. State why these two components are...

A particle is placed on a rough horizontal disc, 2a from the centre of the disc. The particle is of mass 3m. The disc then starts to spin at an angular speed of g/4a. Given that the particle is on...

This graph shows the variation of velocity with time of two cars, A and B, Which are travelling in the same direction over a period of time of 40 s. Car A, travelling at a constant velocity of 40 m s...

A trolley travels along a straight track. The variation with time t of the velocity v of the trolley is shown. Which graph shows the variation with time of the acceleration a of the trolley? t Figure...