Which of the paths shown in Fig. 7-69 could represent a ray of light passing through a glass block in air? A B D

How do unsaturated, saturated, and supersaturated solutions differ?

Cosmic rays carry energy to the earth at about the same rate as a. Sunlight b. Moonlight c. Starlight d. Meteoroids

Draw the structures of the molecules with the following names. (a) 1-Chloro-1-butyne (b) (Z)-4-Bromo-3-methyl-3-penten-1-yne (c) 4-Hexyn-1-ol

Indicate which reagent or combination of reagents is best suited for each of the following reactions. (a) (b) (c) (d) (e) (f) OH

The formation of imines, oximes, hydrazones, and related derivatives from carbonyl compounds is reversible. Write a detailed mechanism for the acid-catalyzed hydrolysis of cyclohexanone semicarbazone...

Reaction review. Without consulting the Reaction Road Map on p. 914, suggest reagents to convert each of the following starting materials into hexanoic acid: (a) hexanal; (b) methyl hexanoate; (c)...

Formulate a mechanism for the reaction of acetyl chloride with 1-propanol shown on p. 932. Page 932 N(CH,CH,), CH3CCI + HOCH,CH,CH3 CH;COCH,CH,CH3 + HN(CH,CH3); Cl (See Problem 35) 75% Propyl...

Give the product(s) of the reactions of acetic anhydride with each of the following reagents. Assume in all cases that the reagent is present in excess. (a) (CH 3 ) 2 CHOH (b) NH 3 (c) (d) LiAlH 4 ,...

Give the products of reaction of methyl pentanoate with each of the following reagents under the conditions shown. (a) NaOH, H 2 O, heat; then H + , H 2 O (b) (CH 3 ) 2 CHCH 2 CH 2 OH (excess) , H +...

Draw and label the given streams and derive expressions for the indicated quantities in terms of labeled variables. The solution of Part (a) is given as an illustration. (a) A continuous stream...

In determining the primary structure of insulin, what would lead you to conclude that it had more than one polypeptide chain?

Strawberries contain about 15 wt% solids and 85 wt% water. To make strawberry jam, crushed strawberries and sugar are mixed in a 45:55 mass ratio, and the mixture is heated to evaporate water until...

Effluents from metal-finishing plants have the potential of discharging undesirable quantities of metals, such as cadmium, nickel, lead, manganese, and chromium, in forms that are detrimental to...

(a) Write structural formulas for the two chair conformations of cis-1-isopropyl-4-methylcyclohexane. (b) Are these two conformations equivalent? (c) If not, which would be more stable? (d) Which...

A400-L tank,A(see Fig. P3.47), contains argon gas at 250 kPa and 30C. Cylinder B, having a frictionless piston of such mass that a pressure of 150 kPa will float it, is initially empty. The valve is...

Saturated vapor R-410a at 0C in a rigid tank is cooled to 20C. Find the specific heat transfer.

A piston/cylinder assembly in a car contains 0.2 L of air at 90 kPa and 20C, as shown in Fig. P3.163. The air is compressed in a quasi-equilibrium polytropic process with polytropic exponent n = 1.25...

A water cooler for drinking water should cool 25 L/h water from 18C to 10C while the water reservoirs also gains 60 W from heat transfer. Assume that a small refrigeration unit with a COP of 2.5 does...

Accounting for buoyancy, what apparent mass of CsCl (density = 3.988 g/mL) in air should you weigh out to obtain a true mass of 1.267 g?

Calculate the pH of a 0.010 M solution of each amino acid in the form drawn here. H,N* NH2 NH2 NH C=0 CH2 CH2 S CH2 CH2 CH2 CH2 (a) HCHCO, (b) H3CHCO, (c) H,NCHCO, Glutamine Cysteine Arginine

You and your team are exploring a river in South America when you come to the bottom of a tall waterfall. You estimate the cliff over which the water flows to be about 100 feet tall. You have to...

A railway truck of mass 8,000 kg travels along a level track at a velocity of 2.5 m s 1 and collides with a stationary truck of mass 12,000 kg. The collision takes 4.0 s and the two trucks move...

You and your team are designing a small tube heater that consists of a small ceramic tube wrapped with a special heater wire composed of Nichrome. When you run an electrical current through the wire,...

Two wires P and Q both obey Hookes law. They are both stretched and have the same strain. The Young modulus of P is four times larger than that of Q. The diameter of P is twice that of Q. What is the...

A car travels around a 90 bend in 15 s. The radius of the bend is 50 m. a. Determine the angular speed of the car. b. Determine the speed of the car.

A spacecraft orbits the Earth in a circular path of radius 7000 km at a speed of 7800 m s 1 . Determine its angular velocity.

Assume the physical situation in Fig. P3.11b; what is the work term a, b, c, or d? a. 1w 2 = P 1 (v 2 v 1 ) b. 1w 2 = v 1 (P 2 P 1 ) c. 1w 2 = 1/2 (P 1 + P 2 ) (v 2 v 1 ) d. 1w 2 = 1/2 (P 1 P 2 )...

Calculate how long it would take a ball to orbit the Earth once, just above the surface, at a speed of 7920 m s 1 . (The radius of the Earth is 6400 km.)

A stone of mass 0.20 kg is whirled round on the end of a string in a vertical circle of radius 30 cm. The string will break when the tension in it exceeds 8.0 N. Calculate the maximum speed at which...

A 10-m-high open cylinder, with Acyl = 0.1 m 2 , contains 20C water above and 2 kg of 20C water below a 198.5-kg thin insulated floating piston, as shown in Fig. P3.107. Assume standard g, P 0 . Now...

From the displacementtime graph shown in Figure 18.8, determine the amplitude, period and frequency of the oscillations represented. 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 160 Time/ms Displacement/ cm

This diagram shows three capacitors connected in series with a cell of e.m.f. 1.5 V. a. Calculate the charges Q 1 to Q 6 on each of the plates. b. Calculate the p.d. across each capacitor. Q1||Q2 Q3...

A particular emission spectral line is measured in the laboratory to have a frequency of 7.3 10 14 Hz. a. Calculate the wavelength of this spectral line in the laboratory. b. Calculate the observed...

The following results were obtained from an experiment carried out to measure the enthalpy of combustion (heat of combustion) of ethanol. The experiment involved heating a known volume of water with...

Two compounds with the molecular formula C 5 H 10 O have the following 1 H and 13 CNMR data. Both compounds have a strong IR absorption band in the 17101740 cm1 region. Elucidate the structure of...

The diving bell below contains trapped air at the same pressure as the water outside. At the surface, air pressure is 100 kPa. As the bell descends, the pressure on it increases by 100 kPa for every...

Figure 4.10 is a histogram of measured mid-upper arm circumferences of 300 randomly selected adults Adult Mid-Upper Arm Circumferences 50 40 30 20 10 20 24 28 32 36 40 44 Circumference (centimeters)...

The braking reaction times of 500 randomly selected drivers, were measured under standard conditions. Describing Distributions. For each distribution described in Exercises, answer the following...

Identify the distribution in Figure 5.7 that is not normal. Of the two normal distributions, which has the larger standard deviation? nnn 0 25 50 75 100 0 25 50 75 100 0 25 50 75 100 (a) (b) (c)

Give all answers to 3 significant figures. a. 1.20 dm 3 of hydrogen chloride gas was dissolved in 100 cm 3 of water. i. How many moles of hydrogen chloride gas are present? ii. What was the...

Weights of adult males are normally distributed with a mean of 85.5 kg and a standard deviation of 17.7 kg. Assume that many samples of size n are taken from a large population of adult males and the...

a. The successive ionisation energies of boron are shown in Table 3.3. i. Why is there a large increase between the third and fourth ionisation energies? ii. Explain how these figures confirm that...

The rate of inflation in the 1970s was much higher than it is today, so prices today must be lower overall. Does It Make Sense? For Exercises, determine whether the statement makes sense (or is...

I estimate that there is a probability of 0.5 that the batteries in my calculator will need to be replaced sometime during the next 3 years. Does It Make Sense? For Exercises, determine whether the...

A cyclist pedals a long slope which is at 5.0 to the horizontal, as shown. The cyclist starts from rest at the top of the slope and reaches a speed of 12 m s 1 after a time of 67 s, having travelled...

What mass of Cu(IO 3 ) 2 can be formed from 0.475 g of CuSO 4 . 5H 2 O?

A. State the principle of conservation of momentum and state the condition under which it is valid. B. An arrow of mass 0.25 kg is fired horizontally towards an apple of mass 0.10 kg that is hanging...

Based on data from the College Board, SAT scores on the Math Level 1 test are normally distributed with a mean of 621 and a standard deviation of 96. a. Find the percentage of scores greater than...

Data from the National Vital Statistics Reports and the U.S. Department of Agriculture show that over the past several years in Maine, the divorce rate declined and per capita, margarine consumption...

Photons of energies 1.0 eV, 2.0 eV and 3.0 eV strike a metal surface whose work function is 1.8 eV. a. State which of these photons could cause the release of an electron from the metal. b. Calculate...

When 650 adults are randomly selected, find the probability that 84 or more of them are lefthanded. Does the result of 84 lefthanded adults appear to be unusually high?

The volume of air inside a bottle affects its resonant frequency. a. What are the dependent and independent variables? b. Suggest one quantity to be controlled. c. How would you produce sounds of...

Ayurveda is a traditional medical system commonly used in India. Listed below are the lead concentrations (in g/g) measured in different Ayurveda medicines (manufactured in the United States). (Data...

Calculate the change in entropy when 15 g of carbon dioxide gas is allowed to expand from 1.0dm 3 to 3.0dm 3 at 300K.

Consider a system of particles uniformly distributed in space, with a constant particle number density n 0 , and characterized by a velocity distribution function f(v) such that where K 0 is a...

The rotational constants B 0 have been determined for three isotopic derivatives of chloroacetylene: Assume that the carbon isotope is 12 C in all cases. Calculate the three bond distances in...

There is a 0.9968 probability that a randomly selected 50-year-old female will live through the year. A life insurance company charges $226 for insuring that the female will live through the year. If...

Consider the graph of the normal distribution in Figure 5.12, which gives relative frequencies in the distribution of mens heights. The distribution has a mean of 69.6 inches and a standard deviation...

Translate the azimuth convention into the quadrant convention, or vice versa. a) N12E b) 298 c) N86W d) N55E e) 126 f) N37W g) 233 h) 270 i) 083 j) N3W

An RLC circuit has a resistance of 255 , an inductance of 146 mH, and a capacitance of 877 nF. (a) What is the resonant frequency of this circuit? (b) If this circuit is connected to a sinusoidal...

The diagram shows a simplified household circuit. Resistor r 1 = 240.0 represents a lightbulb; resistor r 2 = 12.0 represents a hair dryer. The resistors r = 0.50 (each) represent the resistance...

The scatterplot in Figure 7.18 depicts paired data values consisting of the weight (in grams) and year of manufacture for each of 72 pennies. a. Considering the complete collection of data, does...

The number 6 has four divisorsnamely, 1, 2, 3, and 6. List all numbers less than 20 that have exactly four divisors.

The volume of a typical neuron is about 3 10 -8 cm 3 . Write each of the numbers in Problems 1922 in fixed-point notation.

Plot the expected steady state pattern (as a function of distance from the crest) of discharge of regolith on a convex hillslope in a climate in which the production rate of regolith is 20 mm/yr....

Discuss how rivers might differ if the fluid being transported were of a different density or viscosity or both. And lest you think this silly, we are learning about a landscape on Titan that appears...

Discuss how a bedrock river should respond to glacial-interglacial fluctuations in base level of order 120 m. What legacy of the glacial sea level low stand might be seen in the present profile or...

From unit-cell parameters in figures in this chapter, calculate the following shortest distances: (a) NaCl and NaNa in NaCl, (b) NiNi in NiAs, (c) CaF in CaF 2 , (d) CC in diamond, (e) TiTi in TiO 2...

Air is flowing steadily through a horizontal tube at a constant temperature of $32^{\circ} \mathrm{C}$ and a mass flow rate of $1 \mathrm{~kg} / \mathrm{s}$. At one point upstream where the tube...

The "yield stress" for carbon steel is 35,000 psi, and the "working stress" is one-half of this value. What schedule number would you recommend for a pipe carrying ethylene at a pressure of $2500...

A tank that is vented to the atmosphere contains a liquid with a density of $0.9 \mathrm{~g} / \mathrm{cm}^{3}$. A dip tube inserted into the top of the tank extends to a point $1 \mathrm{ft}$ from...

A mercury manometer is used to measure the pressure drop across an orifice that is mounted in a vertical pipe. A liquid with a density of $0.87 \mathrm{~g} / \mathrm{cm}^{3}$ is flowing upward...

The rotational constants for HF are (a) Find the initial J value and the frequency for the most intense rotational transition taking place in the ground vibrational state at room temperature. (b)...

Assume a planet with a one-layer atmosphere has a solar constant S = 2,000 W/m 2 and an albedo = 0:4. (a) What is the planets surface temperature? Make the standard assumption that the atmosphere is...

A gas well contains hydrocarbon gases with an average molecular weight of 24 , which can be assumed to be an ideal gas with a specific heat ratio of 1.3. The pressure and temperature at the top of...

Two identical tanks are $3 \mathrm{ft}$ in diameter and $3 \mathrm{ft}$ high, and they are both vented to the atmosphere. The top of tank B is level with the bottom of tank A, and they are connected...

Identify the reagents necessary to accomplish each of the transformations shown below. If you are having trouble, the reagents for these transformations appear on page 444, but you should first try...

Identify the reagents that you would use to accomplish each of the following transformations: a. b. c. d. e. f. -Br OH

Draw a mechanism and predict the major product for each reaction. a. b. c. d. e. f. ? 1) LAH H. 2) H20

Identify the reagents you would use to achieve the following transformations: a. b. Br Br

The following triene reacts with excess maleic anhydride to produce a compound with molecular formula C 14 H 12 O 6 . Draw the structure of this product (ignoring stereochemistry). Maleic anhydride...

The temperature of 1.75 moles of an ideal gas increases from 10.2C to 48.6C as the gas is compressed adiabatically. Calculate q, w, U, and H for this process assuming that C V ,m = 3/2 R.

Draw the mechanism for each of the following reactions: a. b. c. NaOMe CI NaOEt. Br

In the experiment shown in Figure 2.4b, the weight drops in a very short time. How will the temperature of the water change with time? Figure 2.4b Electrical generator Mass Heating - coil (b)

Identify the reagents necessary to accomplish each of the transformations below: (a) (b)

Why is there an upper limit to the photon energy that can be observed in the emission spectrum of the hydrogen atom?

Propose an efficient synthesis for the following transformation.

Draw the structure of the product with molecular formula C 10 H 10 O that is obtained when the compound below is heated with aqueous acid. CN CN C10H100 Heat

Propose an efficient synthesis for each of the following transformations: (a) (b)

Why is the probability of finding the harmonic oscillator at its maximum extension or compression larger than that for finding it at its rest position?

A gas-phase 1 H 127 I molecule, with a bond length of 160.92 pm, rotates in three dimensional space. a. Calculate the zero point energy associated with this rotation. b. What is the smallest quantum...

Derive the ground-state term symbols for the following configurations: a. d 5 b. f 3 c. p 4

The electron affinities of He, Be, and Ne are negative, meaning that the negative ion is less stable than the neutral atom. Explain why this is so for these three elements.

Calculate the mean value of the radius r at which you would find the electron if the H atom wave function is 210 (r, , ).

Propose an efficient synthesis for each of the following compounds using the acetoacetic ester synthesis. (a) (b) (c) (d)

Evaluate the vibrational partition function for CFCl 3 at 298 K, where the vibrational frequencies are (with degeneracy in parentheses) 1081, 847 (2), 535, 394 (2), 350., and 241(2) cm 1 .

Show by carrying out the appropriate integration that the total energy eigenfunctions for the harmonic oscillator 0 (x) ( /) 1/4 e -(1/2)ax2 and 2 (x) ( /4) 1/4 (2x - 1) e -(1/2)ax2 are orthogonal...

Fill in the missing step in the derivation that led to the calculation of the spectral line shape in Figure 19.24. Starting from and neglecting the first term in the parentheses, show that Figure...

The Grotrian diagram in Figure 22.7 shows a number of allowed electronic transitions for He. Which of the following transitions shows multiple spectral peaks due to a splitting of terms into levels?...