Draw all resonance forms and a representation of the appropriate resonance hybrid for each of the following species. CH3 () (b) () (d) ()

Write the final products of the following reaction sequences. (a) (b) (c) (d) Write a detailed mechanism for reaction sequence (c). NaOCH, CH,O, O + CH2=CHCCH3

Would you expect addition of HCl to the double bond of 3-buten-2-one (shown in the margin) to follow Markovnikovs rule? Explain your answer by a mechanistic argument. CH;CCH=CH, 3-Buten-2-one

Seawater containing 3.50 wt% salt passes through a series of 10 evaporators. Roughly equal quantities of water are vaporized in each of the 10 units and then condensed and combined to obtain a...

The terminal carboxyl groups of glutamic acid and aspartic acid are often protected through their conversion to benzyl esters. What mild method could be used for removal of this protecting group?

A piston-fitted cylinder with a 6-cm inner diameter contains 1.40 g of nitrogen. The mass of the piston is 4.50 kg, and a 25.00-kg weight rests on the piston. The gas temperature is 30C, and the...

A small lead ball, attached to a 0.75-m rope, is being whirled in a circle that lies in the vertical plane. The ball is whirled at a constant rate of three revolutions per second and is released on...

Among the best-known building blocks in nanotechnology applications are nanoparticles of noble metals. For example, colloidal suspensions of silver or gold nanoparticles (10200 nm) exhibit vivid...

Saturated steam at 300C is used to heat a counter currently flowing stream of methanol vapor from 65C to 260C in an adiabatic heat exchanger. The flow rate of the methanol is 6500 standard liters per...

A solution with a final volume of 500.0 mL was prepared by dissolving 25.00 mL of methanol (CH 3 OH, density = 0.791 4 g/mL) in chloroform. (a) Calculate the molarity of methanol in the solution. (b)...

(a) How much of the primary standard benzoic acid (FM 122.12, density = 1.27 g/mL) should you weigh out to obtain a 100.0 mM aqueous solution in a volume of 250 mL? (b) What apparent mass in air will...

Write down which factors are most important when deciding on a particular fuel for the purpose given: a. Fuel for a cigarette lighter b. Fuel for a camping stove c. Fuel for an aeroplane d. Fuel for...

a. Define the term 1st ionisation energy. b. Draw a sketch graph to show how log 10 ionisation energy for chlorine (atomic number 17) varies when plotted against number of electrons removed. c....

The IR, NMR, and mass spectra are provided for an organic compound. (a) Consider each spectrum individually, and tell what characteristics of the molecule are apparent from that spectrum. (b) Propose...

a. Name the three types of orbital present in the third principal quantum shell. b. State the maximum number of electrons that can be found in each subshell of the third quantum shell.

Bromine, Br 2 , and iodine monochloride, ICl, have the same number of electrons. But the boiling point of iodine monochloride is nearly 40 C higher than the boiling point of bromine. Explain this...

Use base units to prove that the following equations are homogeneous. a. Pressure = density acceleration due to gravity depth b. Distance travelled = initial speed x time + 1/2 acceleration x time...

a. Explain what is meant by the mass of a body and the weight of a body. b. State and explain one situation in which the weight of a body changes while its mass remains constant. c. State the...

Two adjacent five-dot sections of a ticker-tape measure 10 cm and 16 cm, respectively. The interval between dots is 0.02 s. Deduce the acceleration of the trolley that produced the tape.

A trolley with a 5.0 cm long card passed through a single light gate. The time recorded by a digital timer was 0.40 s. What was the average speed of the trolley in m s 1 ?

Calculate the current in a gold wire of cross-sectional area 2.0 mm 2 when the mean drift velocity of the electrons in the wire is 0.10 mm s 1 . The electron number density for gold is 5.9 10 28 m 3...

A hydrocarbon has a molecular ion peak at a mass-to charge ratio of 84 (relative abundance of 62.0%) and an [M + 1] peak with a relative abundance of 4.1%. a. How many carbon atoms are in the...

A trolley is at rest, tethered between two springs. It is pulled 0.15 m to one side and, when time t = 0, it is released so that it oscillates back and forth with s.h.m. The period of its motion is...

Calculate the average current required to charge a 50 F capacitor to a p.d. of 10 V in a time interval of 0.01 s.

Explain the following statements. a. A car exhaust pipe will rust much faster if the car is in constant use. b. Vegetables cook faster when they are chopped up. c. Industrial processes become more...

A drop hammer is used to drive a hollow steel post into the ground. The hammer is placed inside the post by a crane. The crane lifts the hammer and then drops it so that it falls onto the baseplate...

A stone of mass 3 kg is sliding across a frozen pond at a speed of 10 m/s when it collides head on with a lump of clay of mass 7 kg. The stone sticks to the clay and the two slide on together across...

A survey found that the mean salary for professional soccer players is much higher than the median salary. Does It Make Sense? For Exercises, determine whether the statement makes sense (or is...

Copy the diagrams below. a. Identify with labels which one represents a lipid and which a phospholipid. b. i For molecule A, indicate on the diagram where hydrolysis would take place if the molecule...

Among a sample of 1037 adult women, pulse rates are normally distributed with a mean of 74.0 beats per minute, but 75% of the women have pulse rates greater than 74.0 beats per minute. Does It Make...

A newspaper used images of cigarettes of different sizes to depict the percentages of adults who smoke in 2000 and in 2017. Which graphic would depict these data more objectively: a bar graph or...

Answer the following, giving a full explanation in terms of metallic bonding. a. Explain why aluminium has a higher melting point than sodium. b. The thermal conductivity of stainless steel is 82 W m...

The rate of the following reaction between hydrogen peroxide (H 2 O 2 ) and iodide ions can be monitored using sodium thiosulfate and starch indicator: 2H + (aq) + H 2 O 2 (aq) + 2I (aq) 2H 2 O(l)...

A geneticist is working with 3 green peas and 1 yellow pea. Let G denote the event of randomly selecting one of these peas and getting one that is green. Let Y denote the event of randomly selecting...

A traditional pair of scales uses sliding masses of 10 g and 100 g to achieve a balance. A diagram of the arrangement is shown in Figure 4.23. The bar itself is supported with its centre of gravity...

A simple random sample of 50 adults is obtained, and each persons red blood cell count (in cells per microliter) is measured. The sample mean is 5.23 cells/L. The population standard deviation for...

The aluminum in a 2.200-g sample of impure ammonium aluminum sulfate was precipitated with aqueous ammonia as the hydrous Al 2 O 3 . xH 2 O. The precipitate was filtered and ignited at 1000C to give...

A cricket bat strikes a ball of mass 0.16 kg travelling towards it. The ball initially hits the bat at a speed of 25 m s 1 and returns along the same path with the same speed. The time of impact is...

The data barely deviate at all from the best-fit line, and they produce this value for the square of the correlation coefficient: r 2 = 0.3. Does It Make Sense? For Exercises, determine whether the...

A random sample of 81 newborn girls is obtained and they have a mean birth weight of 2919 grams. What is the probability of randomly selecting another 81 newborn girls and getting a mean birth weight...

Electromagnetic waves of wavelength 2.4 10 7 m are incident on the surface of a metal whose work function is 2.8 10 19 J. a. Calculate the energy of a single photon. b. Calculate the maximum...

Find the frequency and wavelength of a 50-MeV gamma-ray photon.

Prove that the moments of inertia I a and I b (see Figure 8.3) are equal for the benzene molecule. You do not need to know the bond distances, just invoke the hexagonal symmetry, and for simplicity,...

Show that the dipole moment of a collection of charges is independent of origin, provided that the net charge is zero. Also, show that the quadrupole moment is independent of origin if the dipole...

Percentage of scores greater than 100 IQ Scores. For Exercises, sketch the normal distribution of IQ scores, which has a mean of 100 and a standard deviation of 15, then shade the described area. Use...

The Carolina Tobacco Company advertised that its best-selling nonfiltered cigarettes contain 40 milligrams of nicotine or less, but Consumer Advocate magazine ran tests on 10 randomly selected...

A 4.0 L sample of O 2 gas has a pressure of 1.0 bar. A 2.0 L sample of N 2 gas has a pressure of 2.0 bar. If these two samples are mixed and then compressed in a 2.0 L vessel, what is the final...

Consider an infinite 1D chain of H 2 molecules where the molecular axis is oriented perpendicular to the chain direction, as shown below. (a) How many bands are there in the band structure? (b)...

The partition function of the system may be written as \(\sum_{L} \exp f(L)\), where \[ f(L)=\ln N !-\ln (N p) !-\ln (N q) !+\beta N\left(\frac{1}{2} q J L^{2}+\mu B L ight) \] Using the Stirling...

The three-fluid manometer illustrated in Figure P4.11 is used to measure a very small pressure difference $\left(P_{1}-P_{2} ight)$. The cross-sectional area of each of the reservoirs is $A$ and that...

At high temperatures, alkanes can undergo dehydrogenation to produce alkenes. For example: This reaction is used industrially to prepare ethylene while simultaneously serving as a source of hydrogen...

Identify reagents that can be used to achieve each of the following transformations: a. b. c. Br

Suggest an efficient synthesis for each of the following transformations: a. b.

Draw the structure of each of the following compounds: a. (R)-3, 3-Dibromocyclohexanol b. (S)-2, 3-Dimethyl-3-pentanol c. (1S, 2S, 4R)-Bicyclo [2.2.1] heptan-2-ol

Using bromobenzene and ethylene oxide as your only sources of carbon, show how you could prepare trans- 1, 2-diphenyloxirane (a racemic mixture of enantiomers). + Enantiomer

Compound Y has molecular formula C 7 H 12 . Hydrogenation of compound Y produces methylcyclohexane. Treatment of compound Y with HBr in the presence of peroxides produces the following compound:...

Assign a systematic (IUPAC) name for each of the following compounds: a. b. c.

For each pair of the following compounds identify which compound would react more rapidly in an E1 reaction. a. b. CI .CI CI CI

Draw the major product expected from each of the following reactions: (a) (b) ? Lindlar's catalyst Pt -? Ni,B -? Ni

Draw all constitutionally isomeric ethers with molecular formula C 4 H 10 O. Provide a common name and a systematic name for each isomer.

Propose a structure for a compound with molecular formula C 3 H 8 O that exhibits the following 1 H NMR and 13C NMR spectra: Proton NMR 0.5 5.0 4.5 4.0 3.5 3.0 2.0 1.5 1.0 25 Chemical shift (ppm)...

The molar volume of H 2 O(l) decreases with increasing temperature near 4C. Can you explain this behavior using a molecular level model?

Obtain an expression for the isothermal compressibility = 1/V (V /P) T for a van der Waals gas.

From the following data at 298.15 K as well as data in Table 4.1 (Appendix B, Data Tables), calculate the standard enthalpy of formation of H 2 S(g) and of FeS 2 (s): AR(kJ mol) Fe(s) + 2H2S(g) ...

Consider the following two compounds. When treated with NaOH, one of these compounds forms an epoxide quite rapidly, while the other forms an epoxide very slowly. Identify which compound reacts more...

Assign an IUPAC name for each of the following compounds. a. b. c. d. e. f. g. SH

Propose an efficient synthesis for the following transformation. Br

Starting with benzene and using any other reagents of your choice, devise a synthesis for acetaminophen: N. Acetaminophen (TylenolTM)

Draw a plausible mechanism for the following transformation ,*

Calculate the pH of a buffer solution that is 0.200 molal in CH 3 COOH and 0.15 molal in CH 3 COONa using the Davies equation to calculate . What pH value would you have calculated if you had...

Draw the product obtained when the diazonium salt formed from aniline is treated with each of the following compounds: (a) Aniline (b) Phenol (c) Anisole (methoxybenzene)

Evaluate the average kinetic and potential energies, E kinetic and E potential , for the ground state n = 0 of the harmonic oscillator by carrying out the appropriate integrations.

Each of the following syntheses will not produce the desired product. In each case, identify the flaw in the synthesis. (a) (b) (c) (d) NO2 1) HNO3, H2SO, 2) EECI, AICI3 Et Br 1) Br2, FeBrz 2) AICI,

Carbon tetrachloride melts at 250. K. The vapor pressure of the liquid is 10,539 Pa at 290. K and 74,518 Pa at 340. K. The vapor pressure of the solid is 270. Pa at 232 K and 1092 Pa at 250. K. a....

Using cyclopentanone as your starting material and using any other reagents of your choice, propose an efficient synthesis for each of the following compounds. (a) (b) (c) OH HO.

Evaluate the energy for the two MOs generated by combining two H1s AOs. Carry out the calculation for S 12 = 0.15, 0.30, and 0.45 to mimic the effect of decreasing the atomic separation in the...

Show that the water hybrid bonding orbitals given by a = 0.55 2Pz + 0.71 2 px -0.45 2 ps b = 0.55 2pz - 0.71 2px - 0.45 2s are orthogonal.

Consider the molecule NNO, which has a rotational constant nearly identical to CO 2 . Would you expect the standard molar entropy for NNO to be greater or less than CO 2 ? If greater, can you provide...

Explain the direction of the chemical shifts for Fe(0), Fe(II), and Fe(III) in Figure 22.20. Fe 2p at normal emission Fe 2p32 Fe 2p12 Fe (0) Fe/MgO(001) Fe(0) Fe;OM9O(001) Fe(ll & II) Fe(ll) Fe(lI)...

Using Table 22.3, which lists the possible terms that arise from a given configuration, and Hunds rules, write the term symbols for the ground state of the atoms K through Cu, excluding Cr, in the...

Using ζ as a variational parameter in the normalized function allows one to vary the size of the orbital. Show this by calculating the probability of finding the electron inside a sphere...

Water contains two acidic hydrogens that can act as hydrogen-bond donors and two lone pairs that can act as hydrogen-bond acceptors: Given that all are tetrahedrally disposed around oxygen, this...

Consider the following table of diatomic molecules and associated rotational constants: a. Calculate the rotational temperature for each molecule. b. Assuming that these species remain gaseous at 100...

The acrylic plastic rod is 200 mm long and 15 mm in diameter. If an axial load of 300 N is applied to it, determine the change in its length and the change in its diameter. E p = 2.70 GPa, v p = 0.4....

Compound A is a d-aldopentose. When treated with sodium borohydride, compound A is converted into an alditol that exhibits three signals in its 13C NMR spectrum. Compound A undergoes a...

When ethylene oxide is treated with a strong nucleophile, the epoxide ring is opened to form an alkoxide ion that can function as a nucleophile to attack another molecule of ethylene oxide. This...

The stressstrain diagram for a steel alloy having an original diameter of 0.5 in. and a gage length of 2 in. is given in the figure. If the specimen is loaded until it is stressed to 70 ksi,...

The 40-ft-long A-36 steel rails on a train track are laid with a small gap between them to allow for thermal expansion. Determine the required gap d so that the rails just touch one another when the...

The boom is supported by the winch cable that has a diameter of 0.25 in. and an allowable normal stress of Ï allow = 24 ksi. Determine the greatest weight of the crate that can be supported...

The A-36 steel pipe has an outer radius of 20 mm and an inner radius of 15 mm. If it fits snugly between the fixed walls before it is loaded, determine the reaction at the walls when it is subjected...

The A-36 steel pipe has a 6061-T6 aluminum core. It is subjected to a tensile force of 200 kN. Determine the average normal stress in the aluminum and the steel due to this loading. The pipe has an...

The truss consists of three members, each made from A-36 steel and having a cross-sectional area of 0.75 in 2 . Determine the greatest load P acts vertically downward at C. So that the roller support...

The truss consists of three members, each made from A-36 steel and having a cross-sectional area of 0.75 in 2 . Determine the greatest load P that can be applied so that the roller support at B is...

The shaft is made of A992 steel. It has a diameter of 1 in. and is supported by bearings at A and D, which allow free rotation. Determine the angle of twist of B with respect to D. 60 lb-ft 2 ft /60...

The compound beam is fixed at A, pin connected at B, and supported by a roller at C. Draw the shear and moment diagrams for the beam. 2 kN 3 kN/m |B iA 3 m 3 m

The steel shaft has a diameter of 2 in. It is supported on smooth journal bearings A and B, which exert only vertical reactions on the shaft. Determine the absolute maximum bending stress in the...

The 65-mm-diameter steel shaft is subjected to the two loads. If the journal bearings at A and B do not exert an axial force on the shaft, determine the absolute maximum bending stress developed in...

The composite beam is made of steel (A) bonded to brass (B) and has the cross section shown. If it is subjected to a moment of M = 6.5 kN m, determine the maximum bending stress in the brass and...

Determine the shape factor for the member having the tubular cross section. 2d

The beam is made of an elastic perfectly plastic material for which Ï Y = 250 MPa. Determine the residual stress in the beam at its top and bottom after the plastic moment M p is applied and...