A metal bar of length L = 0.60 m slides freely on two frictionless, horizontal metal rails as shown in Figure P21.25. The entire circuit has resistance R = 200. A magnetic field B = 1.5 T is directed...

An angler observes a fish whose image is 10 m from the shore. Is this fish closer to or farther from the shore than its image? Explain. Draw a ray diagram.

What is the average speed of a molecule of H 2 O in the atmosphere? Assume a nice spring day with T = 20C (= 293 K).

Two cylindrical resistors are made from the same material and have the same length. When connected across the same battery, one dissipates twice as much power as the other. How do their diameters...

A 3-g snail crawls at 0.5 mm/s between two rocks 15 cm apart. Treating this system as an infinite square well, determine the approximate quantum number. Does the correspondence principle permit the...

Kerosene at 25?C is flowing in the system shown in Fig. 11.21. The total length of 50 mm OD ? 1.5 mm wall hydraulic copper tubing is 30 m. The two 90? bends havea radius of 300 mm. Calculate the...

List 10 items that must be specified for pumps.

A venturi meter similar to the one in Fig. 15.2 is attached to a 4-in Schedule 40 steel pipe and has a throat diameter of 1.50 in. Determine the pressure difference across the meter that would be...

Suppose a star had a cool interior surrounded by a hot atmosphere. What kind of spectrum would it have?

The suns energy comes from a. Nuclear fission b. Radioactivity c. The conversion of hydrogen to helium d. The conversion of helium to hydrogen

Describe the spin spin splitting patterns that you expect for each signal in the 1H NMR spectra of the five bromocyclopropane derivatives illustrated in Problem 35. Note that in these compounds the...

Rework Problem 37 as it pertains to 13 C NMR spectroscopy. Rework Problem 37 For each compound in each of the following groups of isomers, indicate the number of signals in the 1 H NMR spectrum, the...

Show how you would synthesize each of the following molecules from an alkene of appropriate structure (your choice). Br H () (b) I (meso-4R,5S-isomer) H Br H Br Br H (d) (Racemate of 4R,5R and 4S,5S...

Propose efficient methods for accomplishing each of the following transformations. Most will require more than one step. Br () (b) (meso-2R,3Sisomer) () (Racemate of 2R,3R and 2S,3S isomers)...

Name each of the compounds below, using the IUPAC system of nomenclature. CI OH () (b) (d) () (f)

(a) Write the expected product of the reaction of 3-octyne with Na in liquid NH 3 . (b) When the same reaction is carried out with cyclooctyne (Problem 33b), the product is cis-cyclooctene, not...

Starting with cyclohexene, propose a reasonable synthesis of the cyclohexene derivative shown in the margin. OH

Rank the compounds in each of the following groups in order of decreasing reactivity toward electrophilic substitution. Explain your rankings. || OCCH3 CH3 CHCI, CH,CI OCH; O Na+ () (b) CH,CH;...

Give the product(s) that would be expected on reaction of 3-pentanone with 1 equivalent of LDA, followed by addition of 1 equivalent of () CH,H,Br (b) (CH),CI () (CH)-CH,OS- CH3 (d) (CH),CI

Give the likely products for each of the following aldol addition reactions. NaOH, H,O () 2 -CH,CHO NaOH, H,O (b) - + (H3)CHO NaOH, H,O CH3 NaOH, H,O () H3C (d) CH3

Aldol condensations may be catalyzed by acids. Suggest a role for H1 in the acid-catalyzed version.

Give the expected product(s) of each of the following reactions. 1. LDA, THF 2. BICH,COCH, H 1. LDA, THF 2. CH.CH Br, HMPA (a) CH,CCH,CH,CH3 (b) 0:

The aqueous hydroxide-promoted reaction of the compound shown in the margin with (CH 3 ) 3 CCHO yields exclusively one compound. Which one is it? (a) (b) (c) (d) H;CC -CH;

Rank each of the following groups of organic compounds in order of decreasing acidity. (a) (b) (c) (d) (e) CH;CH,CO,H, CH;CCH,OH, CH;CH,CH,OH

For each species in Problem 32, indicate the resonance form that is the major contributor to the resonance hybrid. Explain your choices. Data From Problem 32 CH3 () (b) () (d)

Formulate a mechanism for the reaction of butanedioic (succinic) anhydride with methanol shown on p. 935. Data From Problem 935 CH,OH H; + Alcoholysis (ester formation) 83% Propanoic anhydride...

Formulate a mechanism for the acid-catalyzed transesterifi cation of ethyl 2-methylpropanoate (ethyl isobutyrate) into the corresponding methyl ester. Your mechanism should clearly illustrate the...

For each of the naturally occurring lactones below, draw the structure of the compound that would result from hydrolysis using aqueous base. (a) (b) (c) Sedanenolide, major contributor to the flavor...

Give the products of reaction of -valerolactone (5-methyloxa-2-cyclopentanone,) with each of the reagents in Problem 39. Data From Problem 39 (a) NaOH, H 2 O, heat; then H + , H 2 O (b) (CH 3 ) 2...

A common application of the Cope rearrangement is in ring-enlargement sequences. Fill in the reagents and products missing from the following scheme, which illustrates the construction of a...

Using the methods described in this chapter, design a multistep synthesis of each of the following molecules, making use of the indicated building blocks as the sources of all the carbon atoms in...

A fluid of unknown density is used in two manometersone sealed-end, the other across an orifice in a water pipeline. The readings shown here are obtained on a day when barometric pressure is 756 mm...

A compound with m.p. = -22C has a parent peak in its mass spectrum at m/z = 113. The 1 H NMR spectrum shows absorptions at = 1.2 (t, 3 H), 3.5 (s, 2 H), and 4.2 (q, 2 H). The IR spectrum exhibits...

Which of the following compounds would you expect to be the major organic product of the two-step sequence shown here? (a) (b) (c) (d) H3 THF CH,CHI + (CH;CH),NLi

An artificial kidney is a device that removes water and waste metabolites from blood. In one such device, the hollow fiber hemodialyzer, blood flows from an artery through the insides of a bundle of...

In the production of a bean oil, beans containing 13.0 wt% oil and 87.0% solids are ground and fed to a stirred tank (the extractor) along with a recycled stream of liquid n-hexane. The feed ratio is...

Methanol is formed from carbon monoxide and hydrogen in the gas-phase reaction The mole fractions of the reactive species at equilibrium satisfy the relation where P is the total pressure (atm), Ke...

The quantity of sulfuric acid used globally places it among the most plentiful of all commodity chemicals. In the modern chemical industry, synthesis of most sulfuric acid utilizes elemental sulfur...

Iron in the form of fine wire burns in oxygen to form iron(III) oxide. 4Fe(s) + 3O 2 (g) 2Fe 2 O 3 (s) How many moles of O 2 are needed to produce 7.38 mol Fe 2 O 3 ?

You are performing an experiment to measure the specific internal energy of a gas relative to a reference state of 25C and 1 atm (at which conditions U is arbitrarily set equal to 0). The gas is...

Liquid water is fed to a boiler at 24C and 10 bar and is converted at constant pressure to saturated steam. (a) Use the steam tables to calculate H(kJ/kg) for this process, and then determine the...

Water is to be pumped from a lake to a ranger station on the side of a mountain (see figure). The length of pipe immersed in the lake is negligible compared to the length from the lake surface to the...

Calculate H for each of the following processes. In each case, restate your result as a specific enthalpy relative to a reference state. [The solutionwhich you should verifyand the restatement for...

The flow of groundwater often plagues construction of tunnels and other underground systems. One way of preventing it is with an ice sealfreezing the water in the soil so that the ice formed is a...

Pure ethane is burned completely with preheated 20% excess air. The combustion product gas passes through an insulated heat exchanger (the preheater) in which it transfers heat to the air that will...

Sixty-five liters of liquid ethanol at 70.0C and 55 L of liquid water at 20.0C are to be mixed in a wellinsulated flask. The energy balance for this constant pressure process is Q = H. (a) Neglecting...

Complete and balance the nuclear equations for the following fission or fusion reactions: (a) (b) H + H3He

Is it possible to precipitate 99.0% of 0.010 M Ce 3 + by adding oxalate (C 2 O 2 4 - ) without precipitating 0.010 M Ca 2 + ? CaC 2 O 4 Ksp = 1.3 10 -8 Ce 2 (C 2 O 4 ) 3 Ksp = 5.9 10 -30

Tell whether the compounds of each pair are enantiomers, diastereomers, constitutional isomers, or not isomeric. a. b. c. d. CHO H- -OH HO- HO and H- H- HO- HO- H,OH H2OH

Consider a binomial experiment with n = 10 and p = .10. a. Compute f (0). b. Compute f (2). c. Compute P(x 2). d. Compute P(x 1). e. Compute E(x). f. Compute Var(x) and s.

a. Which of the following reaction mixtures ill produce hydrogen more quickly at room temperature? (i) Zinc granules + dilute nitric acid (ii) Zinc powder + dilute nitric acid b. Give an explanation...

Listed below are four compounds that have the molecular formula C 6 H 6 . Which of these compounds would yield only one monosubstitution product, if, for example, one hydrogen were replaced by...

(a) When n-heptane burns in a gasoline engine, the combustion process takes place too quickly. The explosive detonation makes a noise called knocking. When 2,2,4-trimethylpentane (isooctane) is...

Copy and complete the table shown below: measurement unit symbol length kilogram ?

Calcium oxide reacts with hydrochloric acid according to the equation: CaO + 2HCl CaCl 2 + H 2 O a. What mass of calcium chloride is formed when 28.05 g of calcium oxide reacts with excess...

(a) Hydrogen peroxide (HOOH) has a pK a of 11.6, making it roughly 10,000 times as strong an acid as water (pK a = 15.7). Explain why H 2 O 2 is a stronger acid than H 2 O. (b) In contrast to part...

a. Define the following: i. 1st ionisation energy. ii. 3rd ionisation energy. b. Give the equations representing: i. The 1st ionisation energy of magnesium ii. The 3rd ionisation energy of magnesium....

a. The first six ionisation energies of an element are 1090, 2350, 4610, 6220, 37800 and 47300 kJ mol 1 . Which group in the Periodic Table does this element belong to? Explain your decision. b. Draw...

Show how you would use Robinson annulations to synthesize the following compounds. Work backward, remembering that the cyclohexenone is the new ring and that the double bond of the cyclohexenone is...

Show how you would accomplish the following multistep conversions. You may use any additional reagents you need. a. b. c. d. dimethyl adipate and allyl bromide

The solubility of a salt in water depends on a broad range of intermolecular bonding forces. These occur between the particles or ions making up the salt, between the salts particles and solvating...

Draw dot-and-cross diagrams for the following covalently bonded molecules; show only the outer electron shells: a. Ethene, CH 2 CH 2 b. Carbon disulfide, CS 2 .

Refer to the periodic table (Figure 2.15 or inside front cover) and obtain the group and period for each of the following elements. Also determine whether the element is a metal, nonmetal, or...

Conceptual Example 7 provides useful background for this problem. Workers have loaded a delivery truck in such a way that its center of gravity is only slightly forward of the rear axle, as shown in...

You and your crew must dock your 25000 kg spaceship at Spaceport Alpha, which is orbiting Mars. In the process, Alphas control tower has requested that you ram another vessel, a freight ship of mass...

A stone is thrown horizontally from the top of a vertical cliff and lands 4.0 s later at a distance 12.0 m from the base of the cliff. Ignore air resistance. a. Calculate the horizontal speed of the...

Trials on the surface of a new road show that, when a car skids to a halt, its acceleration is 7.0 m s 2 . Estimate the skid-to-stop distance of a car travelling at a speed limit of 30 m s 1...

Which quantity has the same unit as the rate of change of momentum? A. Acceleration B. Energy C. Weight D. Work

Figure 6.18 shows the momentum vectors for two identical particles, 1 and 2, before and after a collision. Particle 2 was at rest before the collision. Show that momentum is conserved in this...

Describe how to use a newton-meter, a micrometer screw gauge, a metal cube of side approximately 1.0 cm and a beaker of water to show experimentally that Archimedes principle is correct. The density...

Explain why, in remote mountainous regions, such as the Hindu Kush, radio signals from terrestrial transmitters can be received, but television reception can only be received from satellite...

The drawing below shows the overlap of two hybrid orbitals to form a bond in a hydrocarbon. (a) Which of the following types of bonds is being formed: (i) CC s, (ii) CC p or (iii) CH s? (b) Which of...

An R-410a heat pump cycle shown in Fig. P4.123 has an R-410a flow rate of 0.1 lbm/s with 4 Btu/s into the compressor. The following data are given: Calculate the heat transfer from the compressor,...

Make a control volume around the refrigerator in Fig. 1.3. Identify the mass flow of external air and show where you have significant heat transfer and where storage changes. Heat to room Warm vapor...

We want to find the change in u for carbon dioxide between 50C and 200C at a pressure of 10 MPa. Find it using ideal gas and Table A.5, and repeat using the B section table. TABLE A.5 Properties of...

More and more shoppers prefer to do their holiday shopping online from companies such as Amazon. Suppose we have a group of 10 shoppers; 7 prefer to do their holiday hopping online and 3 prefer to do...

Buckeye Creek Amusement Park is open from the beginning of May to the end of October. Buckeye Creek relies heavily on the sale of season passes. The sale of season passes brings in significant...

TourisTopia Travel (Triple T) is an online travel agency that specializes in trips to exotic locations around the world for groups of ten or more travelers. Triple Ts marketing manager has been...

Use the information given in Table 3.6 on p. 43 to work out the formula for: a. Silver oxide b. Zinc chloride c. Potassium sulfate d. Calcium nitrate e. Iron(ii) nitrate f. Copper(ii) carbonate g....

A particle is placed on the inside of a rough, hollow cylinder of radius 2a. The cylinder is placed upright and 43 can rotate about an axis through its centre. The particle has mass in and the...

A particle is placed on a rough horizontal disc, 2a from the centre of the disc. The particle is of mass 3m. The disc then starts to spin at an angular speed of g/4a. Given that the particle is on...

Briefly distinguish between the following measures of variation: range, five-number summary, and standard deviation. Which one(s) can be represented with a boxplot?

What do we mean when we say that distribution is skewed? Briefly describe the basic difference between a distribution that is skewed to the right and a distribution that is skewed to the left.

For a recent year, baseball salaries had a median of $1,650,000 and a first quartile (Q1) of $1,675,000. Does It Make Sense? For Exercises, determine whether the statement makes sense (or is clearly...

I examined the data carefully, and the standard deviation was greater than the range Does It Make Sense? For Exercises, determine whether the statement makes sense (or is clearly true) or does not...

When taking a test for pregnancy, a true negative result is the same as a true positive result. It Make Sense? For Exercises, determine whether the statement makes sense (or is clearly true) or does...

Theres much more variation in the ages of the general population than in the ages of students in my college extension course. Does It Make Sense? For Exercises, determine whether the statement makes...

Listed below are the earnings (in millions of dollars) of the celebrities with the five highest incomes in a recent year. The celebrities in order are Steven Spielberg, Howard Stern, George Lucas,...

Listed below are the numbers on the jerseys of the starting lineup for the New Orleans Saints when they won their first Super Bowl football game. Are the mean, median, and mode for these data...

The histogram in Figure 4.12 shows the duration times of eruptions of the Old Faithful geyser in Yellowstone National Park. Eruptions of old Faithful 80 70 60 50 40 30 20 10 120 150 180 210 240 270...

A sample of 39 ground beetles was captured from an area of waste ground measuring 100 25 metres. Each animal was marked and then released. A second sample of 35 was caught on the following day. Of...

Light is an important abiotic factor that determines the distribution and abundance of plants. Some plants are adapted to grow in areas of low light intensity. They are known as shade plants. Some...

Woodlice are small terrestrial crustaceans that feed on organic matter in leaf litter and in the soil. While carrying out an ecological survey in woodland, a student noticed that there seemed to be...

Stoneflies, Plecoptera spp., lay eggs in freshwater streams and rivers. The eggs hatch into nymphs which live in the water for several years before changing to adults. Stonefly nymphs are known as...

What is the 68-95-99.7 rule for normal distributions? Does it apply to other (not normal) distributions as well?

For a normal distribution, approximately what fraction of data values lie more than 1 standard deviation above the mean? When might data values be considered unusual? Explain.

The symbols below describe two isotopes of the element uranium. 235 92 U 238 92 U a. State the meaning of the term isotope. b. i. In what ways are these two isotopes of uranium identical? ii. In what...

a. Describe the structure of an atom, giving details of the subatomic particles present. b. Explain the terms atomic number and nucleon number. c. Copy and complete the table: d. Explain why atoms...

When ammonia gas and hydrogen chloride gas mix together, they react to form a solid called ammonium chloride. a. Write a balanced equation for this reaction, including state symbols. b. Calculate the...

When sodium reacts with titanium chloride (TiCl 4 ), sodium chloride (NaCl) and titanium (Ti) are produced. a. Write the balanced symbol equation for the reaction. b. What mass of titanium is...