The ground electronic state of O 2 is 3 g and the next two highest energy states are 1 g (7918 cm 1 ) and 1 + g (13195 cm 1 ), where the value in parentheses is the energy of the state relative...

All chemists know that benzene is unusually stable, that is, it is aromatic. They are also well aware that many other similar molecules are stabilized by aromaticity to some extent and, more often...

For each group of amino acids, identify the amino acid with the lowest pI (try to solve this problem by inspecting their structures, rather than performing calculations). (a) Alanine, aspartic acid,...

Compound X is a d-aldohexose that can adopt a -pyranose form with only one axial substituent. Compound X undergoes a Wohl degradation to produce an aldopentose, which is converted into an optically...

Singlet and triplet carbenes exhibit different properties and show markedly different chemistry. For example, a singlet carbene will add to a cis-disubstituted alkene to produce only...

Explain why glucose is the most common monosaccharide observed in nature.

Draw all of the steps and reagents necessary to prepare each of the following dipeptides from their corresponding amino acids. (a) Trp-Met (b) Ala-Ile (c) Leu-Val

Olefins assume planar (or nearly planar) geometries wherever possible. This ensures maximum overlap between p orbitals and maximum Ï-bond strength. Any distortion away from planarity should...

Identify all of the steps necessary to prepare each of the following peptides with a Merrifield synthesis. (a) Phe-Leu-Val-Phe (b) Ala-Val-Leu-Ile

The energy of rotation about a single bond is a periodic function of the torsion angle, , and is, therefore, appropriately described in terms of a truncated Fourier series, the simplest acceptable...

Identify the sequence of the tripeptide that would be formed from the following order of reagents. Clearly label the C terminus and N terminus of the tripeptide.

Show how you would use a Strecker synthesis to make valine.

Using an asymmetric catalytic hydrogenation, identify the starting alkene that you would use to make l-histidine.

The three vibrational frequencies in H 2 O (1595, 3657, and 3756 cm 1 ) are all much larger than the corresponding frequencies in D 2 O (1178, 2671, and 2788 cm 1 ). This follows from the fact that...

Molecular orbitals are most commonly delocalized throughout the molecule and exhibit distinct bonding or anti-bonding character. Loss of an electron from a specific molecular orbital from excitation...

Identify which of the following monomers would be most reactive toward cationic polymerization. OAc CN CI

Explain why vinyl shower curtains develop cracks over time.

Propose a mechanism for the acid-catalyzed hydrolysis of PET to regenerate the monomers terephthalic acid and ethylene glycol.

Using vinyl acetate as your only source of carbon atoms, design a synthesis for the following polymer: OAc Vinyl acetate

Chemists know that nitric and sulfuric acids are strong acids and that acetic acid is a weak acid. They would also agree that ethanol is at best a very weak acid. Acid strength is given directly by...

Determine the resultant internal loadings acting on the cross section at point E of the handle arm, and on the cross section of the short link BC. 120 N 50 mm 60 100 mm 50 mm 100 mm 30 300 mm mm 200

The Poisson distribution is a widely used discrete probability distribution in science: This distribution describes the number of events (x) occurring in a fixed period of time. The events occur with...

Determine the resultant internal loadings acting on the cross section at point C in the beam. The load D has a mass of 300 kg and is being hoisted by the motor M with constant velocity. 2 m- E2 m- -2...

Molecular oxygen populating the excited singlet state ( 1 g ) can relax to the ground triplet state ( 3 ), which is the lowest energy state by emitting a 1270-nm photon. a. Construct the partition...

In microwave spectroscopy a traditional unit for the rotational constant is the Mc or mega cycle equal to 10 6 s 1 . For 14 N 14 N 16 O the rotational constant is 12,561.66 Mc. a. Convert the above...

The shaft is supported by a smooth thrust bearing at A and a smooth journal bearing at B. Determine the resultant internal loadings acting on the cross section at C. 600 N/m -1 m--1 m---1 m--1.5...

A thermopane window consists of two sheets of glass separated by a volume filled with air (which we will model as N 2 , where = 0.0240 J K -1 m -1 s -1 ). For a thermopane window that is 1 m 2 in...

The following molar conductivity data are obtained for an electrolyte: Concentration (M) m (Sm 0 mol 1 ) 0.0005..0.01245 0.001.0.01237 0.005.0.01207 0.010.01185 0.02.0.01158 0.05.0.01111 0.1.0.01067...

Consider the first-order decomposition of cyclobutane at 438 C at constant volume: C 4 H 8 (g) 2C 2 H 4 (g). a. Express the rate of the reaction in terms of the change in total pressure as a...

The polysulfone block is glued at its top and bottom to the rigid plates. If a tangential force, applied to the top plate, causes the material to deform so that its sides are described by the...

Acetal plastic has a stressstrain diagram as shown. If a bar of this material has a length of 3 ft and cross-sectional area of 0.875 in 2 , and is subjected to an axial load of 2.5 kip, determine its...

In the following chapter, enzyme catalysis reactions will be extensively reviewed. The first step in these reactions involves the binding of a reactant molecule (referred to as a substrate) to a...

The rigid beam is supported by a pin at C and an A992 steel guy wire AB of length 6 ft. If the wire has a diameter of 0.2 in., determine how much it stretches when a distributed load of w = 200 lb/ft...

Reactions involving hydroxyl radical (OH) are extremely important in atmospheric chemistry. The reaction of hydroxyl radical with molecular hydrogen is as follows: OH (g) + H 2 (g) H 2 O(g) + H ...

Classify each of the following carbohydrates as an aldose or ketose, and then insert the appropriate term to indicate the number of carbon atoms present (e.g., an aldopentose): (a) (b) (c) (d) (e) H....

A central issue in the design of aircraft is improving the lift of aircraft wings. To assist in the design of more efficient wings, wind-tunnel tests are performed in which the pressures at various...

Consider the structures of the following two d-aldotetroses: Each of these compounds exists as a furanose ring, which is formed when the OH at C 4 attacks the aldehyde moiety. Draw each of the...

If the gears are subjected to the torques shown, determine the required diameter of the A-36 steel shaft to the nearest mm if Ï allow = 60 MPa. 300 N-m 100 N-m 200 N-m

Consider the structures of the d aldopentoses: (a) Identify the aldopentose that is epimeric with d-arabinose at C2. (b) Identify the aldopentose that is epimeric with d-lyxose at C3. (c) Draw the...

Identify the reagents necessary to make each of the following amino acids using a Strecker synthesis. (a) Methionine (b) Histidine (c) Phenylalanine (d) Leucine

A steel tube having an outer diameter of 2.5 in. is used to transmit 9 hp when turning at 27 rev/min. Determine the inner diameter d of the tube to the nearest 18 in. if the allowable shear stress is...

The solid shaft is fixed to the support at C and subjected to the torsional loadings. Determine the shear stress at points A and B on the surface, and sketch the shear stress on volume elements...

An amidomalonate synthesis was performed using each of the following alkyl halides. In each case, draw and name the amino acid that is produced. (a) Methyl chloride (b) Isopropyl chloride (c)...

Using the data in the following table, calculate the pI of the following amino acids. (a) Aspartic acid (b) Leucine (c) Lysine (d) Proline THE PK,VALUES FOR TWENTY NATURALLY OCCURRING AMINO ACIDS...

Draw a bond-line structure for each of the following amino acids. (a) l-Leucine (b) l-Tryptophan (c) l-Methionine (d) l-Valine

The 2014-T6 aluminum rod has a diameter of 0.5 in. and is lightly attached to the rigid supports at A and B when T 1 = 70°F. Determine the force P that must be applied to the collar so that, when...

Which of the following statements applies to triolein? (a) It is a solid at room temperature. (b) It is unreactive toward molecular hydrogen in the presence of Ni. (c) It undergoes hydrolysis to...

Identify the repeating unit of the polymer formed from each of the following reactions, and then determine whether the polymer is a chain-growth or a step-growth polymer. (a) (b) (c) NH2 - [] - NH,...

Determine the resultant internal loadings acting on the cross sections at points D and E of the frame. 4 ft 75 Ib/ft LA B. 2 ft 2 ft 1 ft 1 ft 30 1 ft 150 lb

When 3-methyl-1-butene is treated with a catalytic amount of BF 3 and H 2 O, a cationic polymerization process occurs, but the expected homopolymer is not formed. Instead, a random copolymer is...

Consider the structure of the following polymer. (a) Draw the monomers you would use to prepare this polymer. (b) Determine whether this polymer is a step-growth polymer or a chain-growth polymer....

The plastic block is subjected to an axial compressive force of 600 N. Assuming that the caps at the top and bottom distribute the load uniformly throughout the block, determine the average normal...

The 2-Mg concrete pipe has a center of mass at point G. If it is suspended from cables AB and AC, determine the average normal stress in the cables. The diameters of AB and AC are 12 mm and 10 mm,...

The plug has a diameter of 30 mm and fits within a rigid sleeve having an inner diameter of 32 mm. Both the plug and the sleeve are 50 mm long. Determine the axial pressure p that must be applied to...

The lap joint is connected together using a 1.25 in. diameter bolt. If the bolt is made from a material having a shear stressstrain diagram that is approximated as shown, determine the shear strain...

The rigid beam rests in the horizontal position on two 2014-T6 aluminum cylinders having the unloaded lengths shown. If each cylinder has a diameter of 30 mm, determine the placement x of the applied...

The wires AB and AC are made of steel, and wire AD is made of copper. Before the 150-lb force is applied, AB and AC are each 60 in. long and AD is 40 in. long. If the temperature is increased by 80F,...

Determine the required diameter of the pins at A and B to the nearest 1/16 in. if the allowable shear stress for the material is Ï allow = 6 ksi. Pin A is subjected to double shear, whereas pin...

The two cylindrical rod segments are fixed to the rigid walls such that there is a gap of 0.01 in. between them when T 1 = 60°F. Each rod has a diameter of 1.25 in. Determine the average normal...

The two aluminum rods AB and AC have diameters of 10 mm and 8 mm, respectively. Determine the largest vertical force P that can be supported. The allowable tensile stress for the aluminum is Ï...

The solid aluminum shaft has a diameter of 50 mm and an allowable shear stress of Ï allow = 60 MPa. Determine the largest torque T 1 that can be applied to the shaft if it is also subjected to...

The force applied at the handle of the rigid lever causes the lever to rotate clockwise about the pin B through an angle of 2°. Determine the average normal strain in each wire. The wires are...

The connection is made using a bolt and nut and two washers. If the allowable bearing stress of the washers on the boards is (Ï b ) allow = 2 ksi, and the allowable tensile stress within the...

The rectangular plate is subjected to the deformation shown by the dashed line. Determine the average shear strain γ xy in the plate. 150 mm 3 mm B I 200 mm A. 3 mm

The square deforms into the position shown by the dashed lines. Determine the shear strain at each of its corners, A, B, C, and D, relative to the x, y axes. Side D' B' remains horizontal. 3 mm D' D...

The steel pipe is supported on the circular base plate and concrete pedestal. If the thickness of the pipe is t = 5 mm and the base plate has a radius of 150 mm, determine the factors of safety...

Determine the shear strain γ xy at corners A and B if the plastic distorts as shown by the dashed lines. 12 mm 4 mm 8 mm 3 mm IB 300 mm 12 mm D. 400 mm- 5 mm

The bar is connected to the support using a pin having a diameter of d = 1 in. If the allowable tensile stress for the bar is (Ï t ) allow = 20 ksi, and the allowable bearing stress between the...

Part of a control linkage for an airplane consists of a rigid member CB and a flexible cable AB. If a force is applied to the end B of the member and causes a normal strain in the cable of 0.004...

The column is constructed from high-strength concrete and eight A992 steel reinforcing rods. If the column is subjected to an axial force of 200 kip, determine the required diameter of each rod so...

The rigid beam is supported at its ends by two A-36 steel tie rods. If the allowable stress for the steel is allow = 16.2 ksi, the load w = 3 kip/ft, and x = 4 ft, determine the smallest diameter of...

The linkage is made of three pin-connected A992 steel members, each having a diameter of 1¼ in. If a horizontal force of P = 60 kip is applied to the end B of member AB, determine the...

The rigid beam is supported at its ends by two A-36 steel tie rods. The rods have diameters d AB = 0.5 in. and d CD = 0.3 in. If the allowable stress for the steel is Ï allow = 16.2 ksi,...

The assembly consists of three titanium (Ti-6A1-4V) rods and a rigid bar AC. The cross-sectional area of each rod is given in the figure. If a force of 60 kip is applied to the ring F, determine the...

The pipe is stuck in the ground so that when it is pulled upward the frictional force along its length varies linearly from zero at B to f max (force/length) at C. Determine the initial force P...

The truss is made of three A-36 steel members, each having a cross-sectional area of 400 mm 2 . Determine the magnitude P required to displace the roller to the right 0.2 mm.

The truss is made of three A-36 steel members, each having a cross-sectional area of 400 mm 2 . Determine the horizontal displacement of the roller at C when P = 8 kN. 5 kN 0.8m 0.8 m. 0,6 m-

The 60-mm-diameter shaft is made of 6061-T6 aluminum. If the allowable shear stress is Ï allow = 80 MPa, and the angle of twist of disk A relative to disk C is limited so that it does not exceed...

The 1-in.-diameter bent rod is subjected to the load shown. Determine the maximum torsional stress in the rod at a section located through A. 3 fr 3 ft 1 ft F = {300 i + 400 j 200 k} lb

The distributed loading is applied to the rigid beam, which is supported by the three bars. Each bar has a cross-sectional area of 0.75 in 2 and is made from a material having a stress strain diagram...

The rigid bar is supported by the two short white spruce wooden posts and a spring. If each of the posts has an unloaded length of 1 m and a cross-sectional area of 600 mm 2 , and the spring has a...

The post is made from 606l-T6 aluminum and has a diameter of 50 mm. It is fixed supported at A and B, and at its center C there is a coiled spring attached to the rigid collar. If the spring is...

The shaft is made of A-36 steel. It has a diameter of 1 in. and is supported by bearings at A and D, which allow free rotation. Determine the angle of twist of gear C with respect to B. B 60 lb-ft 2...

The bronze C86100 pipe has an outer diameter of 1.5 in. and a thickness of 0.125 in. The coupling on it at C is being tightened using a wrench. If the applied force is F = 20 lb, determine the...

The shaft of radius c is subjected to a distributed torque t, measured as torque>length of shaft. Determine the reactions at the fixed supports A and B. to x=to(1 + ()*) 21o 2t0 B.

The two 3-ft-long shafts are made of 2014-16 aluminum. Each has a diameter of 1.5 in. and they are connected using the gears fixed to their ends. Their other ends are attached to fixed supports at A...

The shaft is used to transmit 30 hp while turning at 600 rpm. Determine the maximum shear stress in the shaft. The segments are connected together using a fillet weld having a radius of 0.18 in. 2,5...

The brass wire has a triangular cross section, 2 mm on a side. If the yield stress for brass is t Y = 205 MPa, determine the maximum torque T to which it can be subjected so that the wire will not...

Draw the shear and moment diagrams for the beam, and determine the shear and moment throughout the beam as functions of x for 0 x 6 ft and 6 ft x 10 ft.

Gear B supplies 15 kW of power, while gears A, C and D withdraw 6 kW, 4 kW and 5 kW, respectively. If the shaft is made of steel with the allowable shear stress of Ï allow = 75 MPa, and the...

Express the internal shear and moment in terms of x for 0 ¤ x < L/2, and L/2 < x 6 L, and then draw the shear and moment diagrams. Wo X-

Draw the shear and moment diagrams for the beam, and determine the shear and moment throughout the beam as functions of x for 0 x 6 ft and 6 ft x 9 ft.

Draw the shear and moment diagrams for the shaft and determine the shear and moment throughout the shaft as a function of x for 0 ¤ x < 3 ft, 3 ft < x < 5 ft, and 5 ft < x < 6 ft. The bearings...

A reinforced concrete pier is used to support the stringers for a bridge deck. Draw the shear and moment diagrams for the pier. Assume the columns at A and B exert only vertical reactions on the...

Determine the placement distance of the roller support so that the largest absolute value of the moment is a minimum. Draw the shear and moment diagrams for this condition. B.

Determine the moment M that will produce a maximum stress of 10 ksi on the cross section. 0.5 in.--3 in- 0.5 in 0.5 in. 3 in. 10 in. H-0.5 in.

Determine the maximum tensile and compressive bending stress in the beam if it is subjected to a moment of M = 4 kip ft. -3 in- 0.5 in.- 0.5 in 3 in. 10 in. D H-0.5 in.

The beam is constructed from four pieces of wood, glued together as shown. If M = 10 kip ft, determine the resultant force this moment exerts on the top and bottom boards of the beam. 1 in. M 8 in. 1...

The beam is made from three boards nailed together as shown. If the moment acting on the cross section is M = 1 kip ft, determine the maximum bending stress in the beam. Sketch a three-dimensional...

The shaft is supported by smooth journal bearings at A and B that only exert vertical reactions on the shaft. If d = 90 mm, determine the absolute maximum bending stress in the beam, and sketch the...