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industrial organizational psychology understanding the workplace

Questions and Answers of Industrial Organizational Psychology Understanding The Workplace

9. The Oedipus and Electra complexes occur during which psychosexual stage?a. Phallicb. Latencyc. Anald. Genital
8. Which theory examines the influence of one’s environment, behaviors, and thoughts on personality?a. Hierarchy of needsb. Locus of controlc. Self theoryd. Reciprocal determinism
7. Defense mechanisms are used to handle intrapsychic conflict between which two personality structures?a. Id and egob. Id and superegoc. Ego and superegod. The ego and the preconscious
6. Which of the following is not one of the traits of the five factor theory?a. Openness to experienceb. Extraversionc. Conformityd. Agreeableness
18. In what way did Karen Horney agree with Freud on personality development?a. Development arises from instinctual conflicts.b. Personality is the result of psychosexual conflicts.c. Culture plays a
19. The humanistic approach has been criticized for.a. not detailing personality developmentb. relying too heavily on experimental datac. its optimistic view that all people are goodd. All of the
12.1 Distinguish among the four types of conflict situations and give examples of each. (APA 1.2, 1.3)
12.1 Define resilience and describe key factors in its expression. (APA 1.1, 1.3)
12.1 Define stress and discriminate among the four types of stressors. (APA 1.1, 1.3)
In Section 11.2.6, you read about a study conducted by Weisberg, DeYoung & Hirsch (2011) investigating gender differences in personality traits. 892 males and 1751 females completed questions
In Section 11.2.6, you read about a study conducted by Weisberg, DeYoung & Hirsch (2011) investigating gender differences in personality traits. 892 males and 1751 females completed questions
5. Try to describe your personality in detail from each of the four perspectives discussed in this chapter
4. How would you go about constructing a personality test? How does the structure of your test relate to your perspective on personality?
3. How has your personality changed over the years?How has it remained the same? What theory or theories can best explain these changes and consistencies?
2. Using one of the personality perspectives discussed in this chapter, analyze the personality of a favorite television or movie character.
1. Which theory of personality do you find most compelling, and why?
20. Which of the following is not a contribution of the psychoanalytic perspective?a. Stimulated research on sleep and dreamingb. Stimulated research on coping and healthc. Created personality tests
5. Even though her mother told her not to, Gretchen had a second piece of chocolate cake. Which personality structure, according to Freud, motivated Gretchen’s behavior?a. Superegob. Egoc. Idd. The
4. Timothy feels very confident about his writing abilities. Bandura would say that Timothy has high for his writing.a. extraversionb. self-efficacyc. determinismd. self-concept
3. Which personality perspective emphasizes the influence of unconscious forces on personality?a. Psychoanalytic perspectiveb. Trait perspectivec. Humanistic perspectived. Social cognitive perspective
3. Which of the following is not considered one of the five factor traits of personality?a. Achievementb. Extraversionc. Conscientiousnessd. Agreeableness
2. Terrence is outgoing in most situations. Allport would describe this tendency in Terrence as aa. source traitb. secondary traitc. cardinal traitd. central trait
1. The trait perspective attempts to describea. person–situation interactionsb. a person’s key characteristicsc. cultural influences on personalityd. factor analysis
5. One of the major criticisms of Freud’s theory concerns its .a. overemphasis on environmental and cognitive factors in explaining behaviorb. difficulty in being experimentally tested and
4. Neo-Freudian Alfred Adler emphasized as motivators of personality development.a. fearsb. basic anxietyc. archetypesd. feelings of inferiority
3. Maria often feels guilty when she engages in even the slightest offensive behavior. Freud would say that Maria has a strong .a. idb. egoc. superegod. collective unconscious
2. Your memories of your high school graduation or first date reside at the level of the consciousness.a. aconsciousb. preconsciousc. unconsciousd. subconscious
1. The psychoanalytic perspective emphasizes the influence of on personality.a. unconscious desiresb. traitsc. self-actualizationd. environmental factors
11.5 Describe the purpose of direct observation and the clinical interview in assessing personality.
11.5 Compare and contrast the advantages and disadvantages of using personality inventories, projective tests, and rating scales to measure personality. (APA 1.3, 2.1, 2.4, 5.5)
11.4 Indicate the strengths and weaknesses of the humanistic approach in explaining personality. (APA 1.2, 2.1)
4. Research on the stability of personality traits over the life span suggests that in general after age changes in one’s personality traits are small.a. 12b. 20c. 30d. 50
5. Malcolm is hostile, aggressive, and impulsive.According to Eysenck, Malcolm is high ina. conscientiousnessb. neuroticismc. psychoticismd. introversion
2. Meera’s friends describe her as warm and giving across most situations. According to Allport, warm and giving are of Meera’s.a. central traitsb. source traitsc. cardinal traitsd. primary traits
1. Which perspective suggests that human beings have genetic dispositions to behave in a certain way across situations?a. Psychoanalytic perspectiveb. Trait perspectivec. Humanistic perspectived.
3. When one goes to a clinical psychologist or mental health therapist, the first session is most likely to involve .a. validity testingb. a physical examinationc. hypnosisd. a clinical interview
2. Tamara goes to see a clinical psychologist. The psychologist asks her to look at some vague pictures and report what she sees. Most likely Tamara is taking a .a. personality inventoryb. projective
1. The major disadvantage of self-report instruments such as the MMPI-2 and the CPI is .a. the subjective interpretation of the results by the clinicianb. the respondents may not tell the truthc. the
3. Which of the following elements does Rogers believe promotes the fulfillment of one’s potential?a. Unconditional positive regardb. Esteemc. Sympathyd. Adaptability
2. Maslow’s hierarchy of needs theory would have the most difficulty explaining which one of the following?a. A teenager shopping for the “right” clothes to wear to schoolb. A starving child
1. The humanistic perspective emphasizes the influence of on personality.a. unconscious impulsesb. internal traitsc. an actualizing tendencyd. environmental and cognitive factors
3. Juanita believes that finding a job is a matter of being in the right place at the right time. Rotter would classify Juanita as havinga. low self-efficacyb. low determinismc. an internal locus of
2. Dylan is sure he will do poorly on his next psychology exam. Dylan often thinks this way in regard to his academic studies. Bandura would say that Dylan hasa. low self-actualizationb. low
1. The social cognitive perspective emphasizes the influence of on personality.a. unconscious impulsesb. internal controlc. self-actualization and self-esteemd. the environment and patterns of
11.4 Define self-actualization, and describe how the humanistic views of Maslow and Rogers propose that it can be achieved. (APA 1.1, 1.2)
12.2 Explain the HPA axis and how the body responds to stress and how this physiological response may vary in males and females. (APA 1.1, 2.5, 3.2, 3.3)
As we saw in Section 12.1, Holmes and Rahe (1967) found a correlation between people’s score on the Social Readjustment Rating Scale and their likelihood of illness.Review their research and then
11. Which of the following is not an effective means of managing stress?a. Exerciseb. Relaxation techniquesc. Talking to friendsd. Being spontaneous with your time
10. April recently lost her high-paying job. While talking to a friend about her job loss, she told the friend that she was looking forward to finding a job in a new field. April appears to be most
9. Jariel is a workaholic. He never takes a vacation. He won’t even speak to friends and family on the phone when they call him at work. He is often angry and impatient with others and expresses
8. A weakened immune system and vulnerability to disease are most likely to occur in which stage of the general adaptation syndrome?a. Alarmb. Resistancec. Exhaustiond. Resilience
7. Matresha is driving when a van pulls out in front of her and almost causes an accident. Matresha’s heart begins to pound, and her blood pressure shoots up.Matresha is likely in the phase of the
6. Ryan can’t decide whether to vacation in the mountains or at the beach. Ryan is experiencing a(n) .a. approach-avoidance conflictb. approach-approach conflictc. avoidance-avoidance conflictd.
5. Which of the following behaviors promotes health and well-being?a. Perceiving events as controllableb. Engaging in defense mechanismsc. Expecting failured. All of these help your health
4. Cecilia feels stressed from her full-time job and taking care of her two children. Cecilia finds a more flexible job that allows her to spend more time with her children. Which style of coping
3. The adrenal gland secretes which two hormones during the stress response?a. Adrenaline and corticosteroidsb. Adrenaline and GABAc. Corticosteroids and insulind. Insulin and GABA
2. Which of the following is not considered a major life event?a. Marriageb. Losing your jobc. Buying a homed. Being late to work
1. Which of the following events is likely to produce the most stress for the average person?a. Losing your job after months of talk about a buyoutb. Losing your job without any warningc. Quitting
12. Tom views his new job as a positive and challenging change. Tom’s appraisal of stress in this situation is most likely to elicit the emotion of .a. angerb. fearc. excitementd. anxiety
13. Lucinda believes she has no control over what happens to her. She expects failure and often feels stressed out. What type of personality does Lucinda appear to have?a. Learned helplessnessb. Type
4. Develop a formal time schedule to better manage your time. First create a chart showing all the hours in a day and all the days of the week. Block out all those times that are already committed,
3. Using your own behavior, give an example of each of the conflict situations discussed in the section on stress and stressors in this chapter. How did you respond to each of these situations?
2. Using your own behavior, give an example of each of the following defense mechanisms: projection, denial, reaction formation, displacement, and sublimation.
1. What defense mechanisms do you think are more often employed by people who engage in healthdefeating behaviors? Provide examples to illustrate and support your answer.
20. The research on personality and health investigates if any specific personality traits are associated with specific health conditions. This is an example of research.a. case studyb.
19. When Alexandra gets in a fight with her partner, she stomps her feet, covers her ears, and refuses to listen. Alexandra’s behavior best illustrates the defense mechanism called .a. regressionb.
18. Florangel feels really stressed. Her child was up most of the night coughing. She has a major project due for her Economics course, and she is not sure if she will have enough money to pay her
17. Which of the following is not a factor that contributes to happiness?a. Social supportb. Cultural normsc. Wealthd. Eating breakfast
16. Jeffrey has been feeling like he has the flu. He also has noticed reddish bumps around his genital area.Jeffrey most likely has which STI?a. Gonorrheab. Genital herpesc. Syphilisd. Chlamydia
15. Hurricane Dorian’s destructive path through the Bahamas in 2019 powerfully illustrates the stressful nature of .a. daily hasslesb. major life eventsc. catastrophesd. both a and b
14. Which of the following is an accurate statement concerning the relationship between stress and the immune system?a. Stress always decreases the effectiveness of our immune system.b. Stress always
4. Which one of the following statements is true?a. Collectivistic cultures most value personal happiness.b. Higher well-being is associated with solitary pursuits.c. Skipping breakfast helps to
3. Which of the following people is most likely to report being the happiest?a. Haifa, who is extremely wealthy, has a few close friends, and focuses on negative experiencesb. Sam, who is moderately
2. Pedro has experienced an intense, burning sensation during urination and a thick, yellowish penile discharge. Pedro most likely has which STI?a. Gonorrheab. Genital herpesc. Genital wartsd. HPV
2. Which of the following does the Social Readjustment Rating Scale consider the most stressful major life event for adults?a. A jail termb. Death of a spousec. Divorced. Pregnancy
1. You go to the dentist and find out that you have to get a tooth extracted. The only time the dentist can schedule your appointment is at the same time as a traffic court appointment. This
12.5 Identify the factors that contribute to happiness and well-being.
12.5 Identify health-promoting behaviors, and apply how physical activity, eating habits, and sleep influence health and well-being. (APA 1.3, 5.1)
12.5 Discriminate among the various sexually transmitted infections, understanding their causes, modes of transmission, and treatment options.(APA 1.1, 1.2, 3.3)
12.5 Identify health-defeating behaviors and describe how alcohol use and smoking negatively influence health and well-being. (APA 1.2, 1.3, 5.1)
12.4 Explain the three factors of a hardy personality and its relationship to stress and positive coping.(APA 1.2, 3.2)
12.4 Define learned helplessness and explain its influence on health and well-being. (APA 1.1, 1.3, 5.1)
12.4 Discriminate among Type A, Type B, Type C, and Type D personalities, and critically examine the research on the relationship between these personality types and health and well-being. (APA 1.1,
12.3 Describe positive and adaptive ways to manage and cope with stress and explain how these techniques influence the stress response and one’s health and well-being. (APA 1.3, 5.1)
12.3 Distinguish between problem-focused and emotionfocused coping styles, providing examples of each.(APA 1.1, 1.2, 1.3)
3. Getting stuck in traffic on your way to a job interview is an example of a .a. daily hassleb. major life eventc. catastrophed. stress response
4. You are a researcher testing the effect of stress as measured by major life events on one’s health as measured by the number of times a person gets sick during a 12-month period. In this
1. Which of the following is not a health-promoting behavior?a. Viewing stressors as challenges rather than as threatsb. Perceiving events as controllablec. Relying exclusively on one defense
3. After working on a project for more than 3 years, Zilmarie is told by her boss to redesign the project in a new way. Zilmarie considers such a task a challenge and commits to the new project with
2. Which of the following personality factors has been strongly linked to depression and other stress problems?a. Type A traitsb. Type B traitsc. Hardinessd. Learned helplessness
1. Donald is described by his friends as easygoing, calm, and patient. Donald would most likely be classified as a .a. Type A personalityb. Type B personalityc. Type C personalityd. Type D personality
3. Which of the following is the least effective stress management technique?a. Guided imageryb. Physical exercisec. Defense mechanismsd. Relaxation techniques
2. It is common for young children to react to the birth of a sibling by regressing to earlier behaviors such as sucking their thumb again or wanting to feed from a bottle. Such behaviors exemplify
1. Organizing your time better would be best classified as a(n) coping skill.a. problem-focusedb. emotion-focusedc. avoidance-focusedd. encounter-focused
4. The stress response experienced by women may be better characterized as , primarily due to the hormone called .a. “tend and befriend”; oxytocinb. “tend and befriend”; estrogenc. “fight
3. Eniesha was shopping at the mall when she heard a person yelling angrily close by. Eniesha turned around to see who was yelling and saw that two adults were arguing. So Eniesha went back to her
2. Immunosuppression refers to .a. the activation of the immune system when we are faced with a stressorb. a reduction in the activity of the immune systemc. the immune system’s ability to survive
1. You are more vulnerable to illness during which stage of Selye’s stress response model?a. Alarm reactionb. Resistancec. Rejuvenationd. Exhaustion
12.2 Discuss how the stress response influences immunity to disease. (APA 1.2, 2.1, 5.1)
2. Relative to in-group members, we tend to view outgroup members as being _________.a. less like usb. less favorablec. more homogeneousd. All of the above

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