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industrial organizational psychology understanding the workplace

Questions and Answers of Industrial Organizational Psychology Understanding The Workplace

Describe the results of research that explored the relationship between critical thinking and everyday behavior.
Describe and give an example of each characteristic of a critical thinking disposition.
Describe and give an example of a critical thinking skill.
Define what critical thinking is and what it is not.
How would you design a digital tutor that helps citizens inoculate themselves from misinformation on political websites?
Jordan claims he has two simple rules that guide reasonably accurate decisions on whether a fact is correct on the World Wide Web. First, he checks if the fact is expressed in many texts and
Regardless of how many times your psychology professor tells students that it is best to use reason to consider deeply all response options when taking a test, many students still believe that one
The media consistently portrays adolescence as a time of constant psychological turmoil. As a result, you too believe that all adolescents are in a period of moodiness and risk-taking behavior. In
You are considering buying an app that says it can “train your mind to drastically improve memory.” The company selling the app says it will change your life, and it works for everyone. How could
You overhear a fellow student in a psychology course say they want to write a term paper on the idea that “dreams possess symbolic meaning.”You know that this is a common misconception in
If you do work with other students, is it more to help each other memorize course material or do you sometimes discuss or debate the validity of what your instructor tells you?
How often do you discuss course content or form study groups with other students?
How often do you more deeply explore course content by doing Internet searches to discover other points of view, or to learn about more recent research findings?
Do you ever consult the sources quoted by the author in support of those assertions to help you decide if the assertions are justified?
When you are reading your textbook, how often do you stop to ask yourself if what the author is saying makes sense to you rather than just accept his or her assertions as fact?
If you do, how often do you do so, and if not, why not?
Do you ever ask questions in class in order to clarify the instructor’s lecture material or to challenge the evidence for the assertions that he or she has made?
To what extent does this standard learning format describe the way you behave in your classes?
Have you done any reading, joined any listservs, or attended any conferences that offer support and suggestions for enhancing your efforts to promote and evaluate your students’ critical thinking
If you are not satisfied with the degree to which your students are thinking critically about the content of your courses, how do you think you can help them do better?
How do you measure the success of your efforts to promote critical thinking (other than through exams scores and grades) and how do you know that these measures are reliable and valid?
If you teach both undergraduate and graduate courses, to what extent does that percentage differ between the two levels?
What form(s) does this encouragement take?
What percentage of your courses are devoted to encouraging students to think critically about the material in your lectures and reading assignments?
To what extent does this standard teaching format describe your classes?
What conclusions are most reasonable given the evidence available so far?
What additional evidence would help evaluate the alternatives?
Are there alternative ways of interpreting that evidence?
What evidence is available to support the claim or assertion?
What am I being asked to believe or accept?
Sometimes, skeptics point out that religious people endorse paranormal, unsubstantiated claims as part of their religion. How should a critical thinker approach this delicate issue with such
What would you say to a believer in conspiracy theories who told you that he was the real skeptic and critical thinker and that you, as a nonbeliever, were the dupe?
Endorsing various unsubstantiated claims is associated with Type 1 (intuitive-experiential) thinking and less with Type 2 (rational-analytic) thinking.Does that make Type 1 thinking a bad type of
Can a person be a critical thinker and still endorse unsubstantiated claims?
How might unsubstantiated beliefs affect a person’s thinking, or his or her behavior?
How can you know if you believe in a psychological misconception, a conspiracy theory, a paranormal claim, or a pseudoscientific claim?
Give an example of your own use of actively open-minded thinking.
Find two statements by politicians, one displaying evidence of actively open-minded thinking (even if the thinking is not fully described) and one displaying evidence of the lack of such thinking.
Find a paper in a scholarly journal and describe the evidence of actively open-minded thinking in the article itself, not just the author’s own thinking but also the process of building on past
Compare a different news report to the published journal article on which it was based, with respect to qualifications and limitations on the conclusions.
Find a news report of a scientific study that has not already been mentioned in this article. Evaluate it for what it does, and fails to do, to communicate the process of science as well as its
Can the domain-generality of critical thinking co-exist with a certain degree of domain-specificity? Or are these two models of critical thinking mutually exclusive? Explain.
The authors mention several personality traits, such as narcissism and high openness, that may place intelligent people at risk for critical thinking failures. Might there be others?
The authors briefly mention confirmation bias as an important cognitive error. But might there be cases in which a tendency to seek out and interpret evidence consistent with one’s hypotheses is
Would you expect the same tendencies observed by the authors to hold for Nobel Prize winners in Literature? What about Economic Sciences or Peace? Why or why not?
Although some Nobel Laureates have embraced weird ideas, most have not fallen prey to this temptation. What factors might help to explain why they have not?
We categorized creativity as one type of critical thinking. Not everyone agrees with this definition. What do you think and why?
Think of someone whom you admire for their ability to think critically.Does that person have the personality traits that emerged from research?What other personality traits does this person have?
As you will see, the authors in this book differ in the extent to which they believe that critical thinking is a general skill that people can use across domains of knowledge. What do you think and
What would you have to do to get thinking skills to transfer from one domain to another?
Give three reasons why someone might not think critically about a topic such as immigration or climate change.
How would you define critical thinking? Is your definition similar to those presented in this chapter?
Is critical thinking the same in different disciplines, or is it a single label that encompasses multiple things across disciplines?
Is critical thinking the same across cultures and across time? If it is not the same, how does it differ?
How can we teach for critical thinking?
How can we test for critical thinking?
How is critical thinking related to major constructs in psychology, such as intelligence, creativity, wisdom, personality?
To what extent is critical thinking domain-general and to what extent is it domain-specific?
What do we know about how critical thinking develops?
To what extent is critical thinking an ability or skill and to what extent is it an attitude?
Why do psychologists believe that critical thinking is so important?
What exactly is critical thinking?
4. How might theories of motivation and emotion help explain romantic attraction (Chapter 10)?
3. How might learning theories (Chapter 6) be used to design a therapy aimed at helping people overcome obesity?
2. Given your understanding of physiology (Chapter 2), what impact do you think emotion has on our health?
1. How can the theory of natural selection (Chapter 8)explain destructive behaviors such as eating disorders and drug abuse?
4. Pretend that you are in charge of developing a campaign to prevent eating disorders in teenage girls.What type of campaign would you develop?
3. Sabina was cut off in traffic on the way home from work, nearly causing her to have a serious accident.Immediately on arriving home, Sabina finds that her husband has left a dirty towel on the
2. What would life be like if humans did not have the capacity for emotion?
1. Assume that you are a scientist who is trying to develop a new appetite suppressant pill for weight loss.Given your understanding of hunger, what kind of an effect would you want your pill to have
20. Which of the following is not a basic emotion?a. Happinessb. Sadnessc. Guiltd. Fear
19. Which of the following theories of emotion defines emotion as a pattern of physiological response in the body?a. James-Lange theory of emotionb. Cannon-Bard theory of emotionc.
18. Which theory of emotion best explains why someone would feel more sexual attraction to his or her partner while at a concert than with the same partner in a library?a. James-Lange theory of
17. Which theory of emotion best explains why one student panics before an exam and another remains calm?a. James-Lange theory of emotionb. Cannon-Bard theory of emotionc. Cognitive-mediational
16. Sabrina is married with two kids. What do we know about Sabrina’s sexual orientation?a. She’s homosexual.b. She’s bisexual.c. She’s heterosexual.d. We cannot tell from this information.
15. Male and female sexual response cycles differ most significantly in which stage?a. Excitement phaseb. Orgasm phasec. Plateau phased. Resolution phase
14. In humans, sexual desire is not influenced by which of the following chemicals?a. Testosteroneb. Oxytocinc. Dopamined. Acetylcholine
13. When a female mammal is receptive to sexual intercourse, she is said to be in .a. estrusb. resolutionc. the refractory periodd. the plateau phase
12. For men, which of the following is not correlated with having a homosexual orientation?a. Being Native Americanb. Being the youngest of four brothersc. Being left handedd. All of the above are
11. Belinda often binges by eating large quantities of food. After these binges, she feels bad about herself but does little to change her eating behavior. As a result of these binges, Belinda is
10. Being obese is defined as .a. being at least 20 pounds overweightb. having a BMI of at least 30c. being at least 100 pounds overweightd. having a BMI of at least 50
9. Damage to which area of the brain would most likely result in anorexic behavior in a rat?a. The ventromedial hypothalamus (VMH)b. The lateral hypothalamus (LH)c. The thalamusd. The hippocampus
8. If you injected a hungry rat with ghrelin, what would likely happen?a. The rat would become even hungrier.b. The rat would stop eating immediately.c. The rat would stop eating only if it had
7. A person with a high level of CCK in his or her bloodstream would likely .a. feel intense hungerb. have just finished a large mealc. also have a large amount of ghrelin in his/her bloodstreamd. be
6. According to Abraham Maslow, which of the following is the highest level of motivation we experience?a. Belongingnessb. Safety needsc. Aesthetic needsd. Physiological needs
5. Which of the following is an example of intrinsic motivation?a. Working on your favorite hobby in your free timeb. Going to work to earn a paycheckc. Wanting to look good to impress your
4. Which of the following is an example of a negative feedback loop?a. Scratching a mosquito bite, making it itch moreb. Sexual arousal, leading one to desire more stimulationc. Drinking water when
3. The Yerkes-Dodson Law predicts that most people perform best at a moderate level of arousal. Dr. Wills conducts a study to examine the relationship between arousal and performance. She has 300
2. Which of the following is most likely to be a primary drive?a. Feeling sleepy and wanting to go to bedb. Longing to be loved by othersc. Wanting a good jobd. Need for achievement
1. According to William James, motives are best characterized as .a. drivesb. instinctsc. desiresd. needs
3. Mohammed and Betty are each stuck in a traffic jam. Mohammed remains calm, but Betty begins to get very angry. Which theory of emotion best explains Mohammed’s and Betty’s different emotions
2. Derrick and Monique each went out on blind dates.Derrick took his date to dinner. Monique took her date to a football game. According to the two-factor theory of emotion, who is more likely to go
1. Which of the following is not typically thought of as a basic emotion?a. Fearb. Sadnessc. Prided. Happiness
3. Paul has been married for 5 years to Lisa. However, he is primarily sexually attracted to men and not to women. What is Paul’s sexual orientation?a. Heterosexualb. Homosexualc. Bisexuald. Both a
2. While dancing with his girlfriend, Malik notices that he has an erection. He is in which stage of the sexual response cycle?a. Excitementb. Plateauc. Orgasmd. Resolution
1. Which is true of animals, but not of humans?a. Testosterone regulates sex drive.b. Menstruation follows ovulation.c. Mating occurs only during estrus.d. Hormones influence sexual behavior.
3. Gabby’s liver is converting glycogen into glucose.As a result, Gabby will likely feel which of the following?a. Not hungryb. Hungryc. Nauseousd. We cannot predict from the information given.
2. In a study examining the effects of CCK on eating, fasting participants are randomly assigned to get either an injection of CCK or a saline injection.Thirty minutes after the injections, all
1. A friend of yours was recently in a car accident and experienced damage to his ventromedial hypothalamus. What effect would you expect this damage to have on your friend’s behavior?a. He will
3. Which of the following is the best example of intrinsic motivation?a. Engaging in your favorite hobbyb. Staying late at work to earn overtimec. Cleaning your house because you have company

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