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industrial organizational psychology understanding the workplace

Questions and Answers of Industrial Organizational Psychology Understanding The Workplace

L04 Describe the features, causes, and treatments of major types of sleep–wake disorders.
L03 Analyze theories that explain the possible functions of sleep.
L02 Describe the brain structures and neurochemicals that participate in the management of waking and sleep.
L01 Differentiate between types of biological rhythms.
If you use MS Excel to generate error bars, you will need to use the “custom values” option for your error bars and indicate the range of cells where your dispersion values are stored. You
Below you will nd the details of the original studies published in peer-reviewed journals. Both papers are available online for free and you can nd them using Google Scholar or similar search
What is known about the relationship between nature and physical activity?
How can a positive relationship between nature and health be explained? Describe the mechanisms that are commonly used to explain health benefits of nature.
What are health inequalities and how can green space in the living environment reduce such inequalities?
What is the main difference between the biomedical/pathogenic and biopsychosocial/salutogenic approach to health?
Why is it important to empirically verify relationships between nature and health?
Which are the nine key aspects of visual landscapes according to the VisuLands framework?
The Preference Matrix by Kaplan and Kaplan (1989) distinguishes two basic informational needs that guide people’s landscape preferences and four characteristics that fulfil these needs. Describe
List the five models of visual quality as distinguished by Daniel and Vining (1983).
What is the main difference between objectivistic and subjectivistic approaches to visual landscape quality assessment?
Describe an example of a spillover effect. How might this phenomenon relate to coping with stressors?
Name two mental health correlates associated with poor housing quality.
Which factors can make sound turn into noise? Name a physiological and a psychological factor.
What is the adaptive function of stress responses? Relate your answer to short‐ and longterm impacts of stressors.
What are restorative environments and how can the restorativeness of an environment be measured?
Describe the four restorative qualities of people–environment interactions central to ART.
Some emotional dispositions towards wildlife are shared by all humans while other emotional dispositions vary across humans. Give examples of both kinds of dispositions.
What are the components of emotional responses and can you give examples pertaining to responses to wildlife?
Name and describe the two primary wildlife value orientations.
Which core concepts are included in the cognitive hierarchy framework? How are they defined and differentiated?
To what extent can the use of imitations of nature or geometrical properties of nature in urban design compensate for restorative experiences with real nature?
What is the relationship between restorative effects of nature and health benefits of nature?
Explain why natural environments tend to be more restorative than built environments.
List the common indicators of stress.
Give an example of a case or problem in which the influences of individual and contextual factors on perceptions, evaluations, or behaviour are examined simultaneously.
Describe three main challenges for environmental psychology.
Describe three major trends in environmental psychology.
What are the peculiarities of promoting (pro‐environmental) behaviours in LMICs?
How do the living environments in LMICs affect people’s well‐being?
Are people in LMICs more or less environmentally concerned than people in highincome countries? Why?
Why is environmental risk perception of high relevance in LMICs?
How can environmental psychology contribute to solving environmental problems in LMICs?
How would you formalize the theory of planned behaviour for consumers considering investing in a private solar power system? (See e.g. Schlüter et al. 2017, for a supporting framework.)
Discuss how simulation models can support policy‐making in social environmental systems.
Explain how empirical data on human behaviour can be used in formalizing an agentbased model. Give an example of the type of data that can be used, and explain why it is critical to use such data.
Social simulation may be used to reveal emergent phenomena in socio‐environmental systems. Give three examples of emergent phenomena where the behaviour of populations affects the environment.
What kind of intervention could be used for promoting the transition from predecision to preaction stage?
What is the distinction between the SSBC’s predecision and action stage?
What is the function of a goal within a feedback loop?
Describe the three stages of Lewin’s theory of change.
How can the acceptability of policy measures be increased?
Which fairness principles can be distinguished? Which fairness principles are particularly important for the acceptability of environmental policies?
How can acceptability of environmental policies be defined?
Why is it important to study the acceptability of environmental policies?
Why might ambient persuasive technology be effective in daily life?
Why would people be sensitive to the social approval or disapproval of artificial persuasive agents?
How can persuasive technology contribute to the promotion of pro‐environmental behaviour? Name and describe three functions of persuasive technology.
Provide an example of the antecedents and consequences of a pro‐environmental behaviour, along with potential ways to alter the antecedents and consequences in order to increase the occurrence of
Monetary incentives and disincentives may not always work as intended. Explain why this is the case.
Why does most research favour incentive and reward interventions over disincentive and penalty strategies?
Pro‐environmental behaviour often lacks natural reinforcers. Explain the meaning of this statement with a practical example.
Some behaviours offer natural or intrinsic consequences, while others do not. Provide an example of both, and explain the presence or absence of a natural consequence that might be a reinforcer.
There are three key issues for the development of environmental psychology in Latin America. Which one do you consider most important? Why?
Compare the number of inhabitants of the conurbation zone of Mexico City (about 20 million people) with the total population of Sweden, the Netherlands, Greece, Austria, or Portugal, and propose a
Select three topics from Box 25.1 that you think should be studied in a comparative way between a Latin American city and a European city. Explain your reasons for that selection.
What have been the thematic changes throughout the development of environmental psychology in Latin America?
Name three important elements of intervention planning that policymakers should take into consideration when they plan an intervention aimed at encouraging behaviour change.
Why is it important that intervention research is informed by theory?
How would you design an evaluation study that examines the effectiveness of the intervention(s) you suggested to the university or organization to encourage recycling?
Imagine a university or other large organization that wants to implement a recycling scheme to collect paper, glass, and tin cans. Which informational strategies would you recommend to the university
What strategies are there for changing habitual behaviour?
How can habits be measured? What challenges are there in measuring habits?
How can habits be described theoretically?
Why is habitual behaviour different from non‐habitual behaviour?
What characterizes habitual behaviour? Find examples for positive and negative environmental behaviours that are most likely habitual.
Give an example of how groups may be formed in the context of environmental issues.
What are the consequences of salient group membership for environmental attitudes and behaviours?
Briefly describe the social identity approach, i.e. SIT and SCT.
Why should environmental psychologists be interested in group processes?
Which goals steer behaviour according to goal‐framing theory?
Which four factors influence the strength of personal norms?
What is the main difference between the NAM and the VBN theory of environmentalism?
Describe the protection‐motivation theory.
Describe the TPB.
Describe how the three distributional fairness principles – equity, equality, and need – are linked to different collective goals and underlying values, and the type of situation in which a
Communication has been shown to have a positive effect on levels of cooperation in social dilemmas. Explain why that is so.
What are the defining characteristics of a social dilemma? Briefly explain each of them.
How does the way people see themselves (their self‐identity) influence their environmental behaviour?
How are values associated with environmental self‐identity?
How can environmental self‐identity be strengthened?
Describe a situation in which separating waste sends a strong, positive self‐signal, and a situation in which separating waste does not send a strong, positive self‐signal.
Explain why acting pro‐environmentally may elicit positive emotions, even if it is somewhat unpleasant.
Think of pro‐environmental behaviour that can elicit positive emotions according to both the hedonic and eudaimonic view, and explain how.
Describe how anticipated emotions may be a motivator or a barrier to adopting proenvironmental behaviour.
Imagine that you are asked by your university to develop a campaign to reduce the number of cigarette butts littering the ground. Identify two strategies that you think would be effective, and two
Name and describe three moderators of normative social influence.
Name and describe the two types of motivations behind normative social influence.
Define social norms, and describe the distinction between descriptive and injunctive social norms. Give two unique (i.e. not from the readings) examples of each.
How do values differ from related determinants of environmental behaviour, such as environmental concerns or myths of nature?
How can we use our current knowledge about values in applied research?
Describe which values are important when explaining pro‐environmental behaviours.
Explain the advantages and disadvantages of focusing on values in environmental psychological research.
Describe how the environmental attitude‐behaviour relationship is defined following the Campbell paradigm.
What are the advantages and disadvantages of self‐reported behaviour measures?
Why do measures of environmental behaviour not necessarily reflect environmental impact and how can this be resolved?

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