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industrial organizational psychology understanding the workplace

Questions and Answers of Industrial Organizational Psychology Understanding The Workplace

Use Duckitt’s (2001; Duckitt & Sibley, 2017) model to explain how child-rearing practices affect personality and prejudice.
According to social learning theories of prejudice, children can be taught prejudice both directly and indirectly. Give one example of direct teaching of prejudice and one example of indirect
Explain the role that essentialism plays in the development of prejudice in children.
Children develop an understanding of the categories “White” and “Black” earlier than other categories. What processes would developmental intergroup theory use to explain this age difference
Describe the factors that affect children’s use of racial categories.
What have researchers found out about children’s category awareness using this technique?
Explain how the doll technique is used to study children’s awareness of social categories.
Children’s use of race as a social category increases with age. Why do you think this happens?
Based on the research literature, provide evidence that infants are aware of certain social categories.
Explain why it is useful for children to categorize people, objects, and events in their environment.
What do you think is the best way to alleviate the problem of the bullying of sexual and gender minority children and adolescents?
Describe the factors that affect children’s beliefs about sexual and gender minority groups.
Children’s beliefs about Black and White people can differ based on whether the person being asked about is a man or a woman. What do you think is the cause of this intersectionality in the
What roles do experience, environment, and culture play in the development of gender preferences?
Describe the origins of gender-based prejudice during early childhood.
In your experience, do majority group and minority group children and adolescents choose not to interact during non-class times at school? If so, how well do the explanations given in Box 7.3 fit the
Another way to describe this same phenomenon could have been “Why are all the White kids sitting together in the cafeteria?” Why do you think White people did not chose to phrase their question
Beverly Tatum (1997, 2017) gave her book the title Why Are All the Black Kids Sitting Together in the Cafeteria? because it was a question that White people often asked her.
What explanations have been proposed for the reduction of prejudice in majority group children found around age 7 or 8? Which explanation do you prefer? Why?
Describe the patterns of development of racial attitudes for White and Black children. Are they similar to those of other racial minority groups?
The blue eyes/brown eyes exercise had strong effects on both children and adults. What are the ethical implications of conducting exercises like this one, especially when they are used with children?
Jane Elliott’s brown eyes/blue eyes exercise was first conducted in the late 1960s. Do you think that this exercise would have the same impact on children today? Explain why or why not.
The chapter opens with an excerpt from an interview with a White research participant. In what ways were your own childhood experiences with prejudice similar to or different from this person’s
5 Why might it be that Americans think that ethically produced products are inferior to those that are not?
4 What kind of techniques could be effective when it comes to encouraging consumers to buy environmentally friendly products?
3 How do you think pro-ecological products may be perceived in very different cultures such as India and Italy?
2 Give at least two examples of consumption practices that were not mentioned in this chapter, that have a bad impact upon the environment.
1 Why should consumer psychologists be interested in environmental issues?
5 Is it consumption itself or the underlying reasons why products and services are purchased that make people unhappy?
4 Should compulsive shoppers be used as an example that consumption can make you unhappy?
3 Why is it that people with high materialistic value orientations are generally unhappier?
2 What can marketers do in the hope of ensuring consumer happiness?
1 Is it a good idea to present consumers with a high number of product and brand choices? Is it possible to control the amount of choice consumers are faced with in a competitive market?
2 Who is the intended audience for the programme and should it be watched by children of all ages?
1 What would a young child focus on? Would it be different from that of a 10 year old?
5 Is it a good idea for individuals who feel lonely to engage in social networking sites?
4 Should the amount of time children spend on the Internet be controlled?
3 Is the way in which consumers gather information online rational?
2 What kind of lock-in strategies can be used to increase the likelihood of online purchases? Try to think of alternatives to those mentioned in the text.
1 How does online shopping differ to shopping in a store?
5 Can brand loyalty really be achieved by using incentives?
4 Why do brand loyal consumers have a high level of involvement with their preferred brand?
3 Is it possible for decisions not to be affected by emotions? Can consumers genuinely separate themselves from how they feel when making a decision?
2 Is the use of heuristics the same as being irrational?
1 How might a marketer use heuristics to their advantage?
5 Why is it important to have a good understanding of cultural values?
4 Is the use of incentives essentially the same thing as positively reinforcing consumer behaviours?
3 Which motivational theory do you think best explains why consumers become motivated to consume products or services?
2 How do toys fit into Maslow’s hierarchy of needs?
1 Are consumers more likely to be motivated by intrinsic or extrinsic goals?
5 Why are marketers interested in attitude formation?
4 What types of media may impact upon people’s attitudes?
3 Under what circumstances are attitudes unlikely to predict behaviour?
2 Can the cognitive dissonance theory truly explain why people are motivated to change their attitudes?
1 How can marketers try to generate positive attitudes towards a product?
5 What does the Appraisal-Tendency Framework teach us about emotions?
4 Are consumers rational? Explain your answer by providing research examples that support your argument.
3 What are the potential pitfalls a researcher needs to consider when investigating emotions?
2 How can emotions be used to persuade consumers to purchase specific products and services?
1 Is it possible to distinguish between emotions and mood?
5 Try to think of ‘consumer aspects’ that teach us about the meanings of products. If possible, give specific examples.
4 How is it possible for people to have more than one identity? Can having multiple identities lead to confusion about who you are?
3 What are the positive aspects of using consumption to create or maintain an identity?
2 How do material possessions affect how we perceive others?
1 Is it possible for individuals who do not have a strong sense of who they are to‘shop for an identity’?
5 How did the invention of the assembly line change consumer behaviours?
4 Are material possessions important?
3 When was the consumer society in which we live in today, established?
2 Is it good or bad to live in a consumer society?
1 Why is it important to have a clear understanding of research methods when studying Consumer Psychology?
Think about the choices you have made from the beginning of the process to the end. It is a good idea to keep a diary or journal of the process. It can be a helpful resource when it is time to ll
Create your own glossary of key terms.Start with the words in each of the paper 3 examination questions. You cannot answer the question effectively if you do not understand the term or concept
● Discuss how the researcher in the study could avoid bias.
● Discuss how a researcher could ensure that the results of the study are credible.
● Discuss the possibility of generalizing thendings of the study.
● Describe the ethical considerations in reporting the results and explain additonal ethical considerations that could be taken into account when applying the ndings of the study.
● Describe the ethical considerations that were applied in the study and explain if further ethical considerations could be applied.
● Suggest an alternative or additional research method giving one reason for your choice
● Describe the sampling method used in the study.
● Identify the research method used and outline two characteristics of the method.
When answering an SAQ it is important to apply the “so what?” test. This is because the questions are designed to get students to write about the facts they can recall and apply them to the
Flashcards are often used by students when they want to remember facts (knowledge).Students have a habit, however, of revising their favourite topics. Anki is a program that will allow you make your
5. After reviewing some initial findings from the social neuroscience of prejudice, what additional questions would you like researchers to pursue? What methods should they use?
4. If we discover that brain damage or abnormalities are responsible for many violent criminal acts, what changes, if any, would you propose in the criminal justice and prison systems?
3. Our responses to stress evolved under different living conditions than most of us experience today. What aspects of our stress response systems still work well?Which are perhaps less adaptive to
2. Paul Ekman suggests that we aren’t very good at detecting liars because “we often want to be misled, we collude in the lie unwittingly because we have a stake in not knowing the truth”
1. Which of the models of emotion presented in this chapter makes the most sense to you and why?
3. Loneliness, or the perception of social isolation, serves as an early warning system for frayed social connections. Unfortunately, loneliness also triggers self-preservation behaviors, which can
2. Neural correlates of prejudice include rapid, implicit categorizations of stimuli such as facial appearance. These rapid assessments interact with more complex processing involving learning and
1. The social cognitive network, supporting functions like theory of mind (TOM), is distinct from the social emotional network, supporting functions like empathy. Both networks overlap with the other
3. What are some of the possible reasons for the heritability of loneliness?
2. How might the process of categorization of individuals be affected by individual differences among the perceivers?
1. What are the possible implications of having separate networks supporting social cognition and social emotion?
4. How do alcohol, testosterone, cortisol, and serotonin contribute to aggressiveness?
3. What brain processes are associated with proactive versus reactive aggression?
2. How does our mindset contribute to the way we experience stress?
1. What are the effects of short-term and chronic stress on the immune system and on general health?
2. How are emotional expressions shaped by biology, culture, and individual differences?
1. How do the three classic theories of emotion differ in their explanations of emotional behavior?
6. Emotion regulation using suppression is associated with activity in a fronto-parietal network along with the default mode network (DMN). It has been more difficult to identify correlates of

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