Questions and Answers of Industrial Organizational Psychology Understanding The Workplace

Why job loss and underemployment are among the most severe sources of stress that individuals ever experience
The factors that trigger workplace violence in the United States today
You learned at the beginning of this chapter that stressors lead to strains, which are the negative outcomes of stressful experiences. Based on what you read, what are some ways that people can keep
Consider a recent stressful event you experienced at work or at school. What types of job-related, emotional, and physiological strains did you experience as a result of this event? What are some
Remote work is becoming more popular in a number of different companies.Consider your own schoolwork and how productive you are when you are working at home or in your dorm room, compared to when you
Do a bit more research on OHP. Choose an important element that is studied in that area (refer back to Table 11.2 for some examples). What expertise can I/O psychologists bring to the study of this
Imagine that you were laid off from a job, and you found your unemployment to be very stressful. What might be one problem-focused coping behavior you could do to alleviate this stress? What might be
What are some ways that you’ve had your home life interfere with your job or schooling? What are some ways you’ve had school or your job interfere with your home life? What steps did you take to
What leadership is and how the effectiveness of leaders is evaluated
The various types of power and how they are employed by leaders
The major elements of the various leadership theories
The historical development of leadership research and conceptualization
How to distinguish between leader traits and behaviors
What kinds of contingencies affect leadership processes
The most influential theories about leadership over the past few decades, such as implicit, transformational, authentic, and servant leadership theories
The differences between transformational and transactional leaders
How both gender and culture affect leadership processes
The role of leader and subordinate emotions in organizational effectiveness
Consider a woman in your own life who occupies a position of leadership, whether in an academic, business, civic, or religious setting. Have you observed ways in which this individual has been
Consider servant leadership. What might be some behaviors a leader could engage in that would indicate he or she was a servant leader? Why do you believe servant leadership is such a popular approach
How I/O psychologists are trained
The work of I/O psychologists and how it benefits organizations and employees alike
The diverse historical trends associated with the development and growth of I/O psychology
The very important role currently being played by I/O psychology in the changing workplace, as well as the field’s great potential to contribute to organizational functioning in the future
The chapter notes that the gig economy is changing the way we do work. In what ways might the emergence of this gig economy change how an I/O psychologist approaches questions about selection and
The chapter mentions five main topics that I/O psychologists investigate—selection, training, organizational development, performance management and appraisal, and quality of work life. Which of
The scientific method and its goals and assumptions
The importance of theory to science and psychology
Important considerations in experimental design, including internal and external validity and the complex interplay among experimental variables
How research is conducted, including the cycle of induction and deduction, as well as the five steps involved in the process
A variety of measurement issues such as reliability and validity
Basic statistical concepts ranging from measures of central tendency to correlation and regression
Imagine that you conduct a survey for a company where you told respondents you would not disclose their identity. One respondent reports on the survey that a colleague is engaging in unsafe behaviors
Consider this theory: If you pay people more, they will work harder. What might be a study you could conduct to see if there is support for this theory? Would your study tell you whether pay causes
A researcher wants to examine whether wearing uniforms at work is detrimental to worker morale in manufacturing plants. Explain why a quasi-experimental design (e.g., assigning different plants to
Correlation coefficients can help us understand how two variables are related.What are two variables that might have a strong positive correlation? A strong negative correlation? What might be two
The definition of a test and how to find existing tests used for personnel selection
The differences between various testing formats, such as speed versus power tests, individual versus group tests, and paper-and-pencil versus performance tests
The importance of validity coefficients to employee selection
Definitions, estimates of validity, and examples of the following types of predictors:cognitive ability (both general and specific) tests, psychomotor tests, personality tests,integrity tests, work
Do you think that EI is a measurable ability? If so, what is the best way to measure it?
Imagine you have been asked to design a role-play to help a retail company select a new sales representative. What are important KSAOs for a sales rep? What might be some ways to capture these KSAOs
Imagine you need to conduct an interview with a candidate in a remote location, using videoconferencing software. In what ways would your preparation for this interview differ from your preparation
There has been some debate about looking at job applicants’ social media information (e.g., Facebook, Twitter, and Instagram). Do you believe it is appropriate for managers to look at this type of
Imagine you are applying for a job and you know the company is looking for a candidate who is conscientious and extraverted. Do you think most people would be able to fake these traits on a
Throughout this chapter, you have learned about several types of predictors, and the validity and pros and cons of each. Which predictor, or combination of predictors, would be the most efficient and
How important training is to both organizations and employees
How to diagnose an organization’s training needs through the use of organizational, task, person, and demographic analyses
The basic principles of learning that affect training success, such as meaningfulness, practice, overlearning, and feedback
What makes an organization’s learning context conducive to successful training
Each of the various training techniques, as well as their strengths and weaknesses
The key elements in the transfer of training
The traditional criteria used in training evaluation, along with a newer perspective on these criteria
How to design a training evaluation study in a number of different ways
The increasing importance and prevalence of both sexual harassment training and diversity training
Imagine you are working in a company where training is seen as a negative—that is, only incompetent employees need training. However, employees view going to diversity training as a punishment that
People overlearn the skills needed to drive a car. What are some activities drivers have to do that might be difficult when first learned, but seem automatic to experienced drivers? What can help
Imagine an organization has provided training on teamwork skills to their employees, and a subsequent knowledge test indicates the employees have learned what they are supposed to. However, these
Diversity training is becoming more important in the workplace. However, many people dislike or resist diversity training. Why do you think some resist this training? What can companies and managers
The importance of work motivation to organizational psychology How the three major categories of motivation theories differ from each other
The similarities and differences among the various need–motive–value theories of motivation
How cognitive choice theories emphasize the rationality of human behavior
The similarities and differences between equity theory and expectancy theory
How important self-regulatory processes are to work behavior
The major principles and findings with respect to goal-setting theory
Why discrepancies are so important to goal-directed behavior
The widespread use and success of organizational behavior management programs for improving motivation and performance
How successful goal setting (including management by objectives) is as an applied technique for improving motivation and performance
What job enrichment approaches have to offer organizations and the various ways in which enrichment can be employed
The current trends with respect to job crafting and how individuals change and create jobs to better fit their needs and to serve the organization
The role played by attitudes in predicting behavior
Why attitudes are sometimes unrelated to behavior
What job satisfaction is and how it is measured
What determines a person’s level of job satisfaction
How job satisfaction affects important organizational outcome variables
The three major components of organizational commitment
What determines a person’s commitment to his or her organization
What commitment profiles are
How organizational commitment affects important organizational outcome variables
What types of withdrawal behaviors and counterproductive behaviors are concerns for organizations
The role played by emotional labor in organizations
The effect that perceived organizational support has on employee attitudes and behaviors
Is job satisfaction more influenced by individual characteristics (e.g., personality) or by someone’s environment? How could an organization modify its work environment in order to increase
How might the varying forms of organizational commitment manifest in employees’ on-the-job behavior?
Assume you have been hired by an organization to hold focus groups with employees to learn more about low morale in the company. What questions would you ask them, and how would the answers help you
Research on emotion regulation and emotional labor has tended to focus on service industries. What affect do you think this emphasis has on the research gathered?
Imagine you have to tell one of your best employees that she will not be getting her expected bonus check this year due to financial problems in the company.What might you tell her to help her feel
People have many different answers to the question “If you won the lottery tomorrow, would you quit your job?” How does the concept of commitment relate to the way someone might answer that
Understand the defi nition and uses of job analysis
Know how to write a job description
Know how to conduct a job analysis
Learn when to use the various job analysis methods
Understand the concept of job evaluation
Understand the concept of pay equity
Understand the legal process involving employment law
Know what classes of people are protected by federal law
Be able to determine the legality of an employment practice
Understand the concept of adverse impact
Understand affi rmative action
Know the important issues involving employee privacy rights

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