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intro stats

Questions and Answers of Intro Stats

Cholesterol, finis Based on the regression output seen in Exercise 26, create a 95% confidence interval for the slope of the regression line and interpret it in context.
Last dog Based on the regression output seen in Exercise 25, create a 95% confidence interval for the slope of the regression line and interpret your interval in context.
More cholesterol Look again at Exercise 26’s regression output for age and cholesterol level.a) The output reports s = 46.16. Explain what that means in this context.b) What’s the value of the
Second frank Look again at Exercise 25’s regression output for the calorie and sodium content of hot dogs.a) The output reports s = 59.66. Explain what that means in this context.b) What’s the
Cholesterol Does a person’s cholesterol level tend to change with age? Data collected from 1406 adults aged 45 to 62 produced the regression analysis shown.Assuming that the data satisfy the
Hot dogs Healthy eating probably doesn’t include hot dogs, but if you are going to have one, you’d probably hope it’s low in both calories and sodium. Recently, Consumer Reports listed the
Second home Exercise 22 shows computer output examining the association between the sizes of houses and their sale prices.a) Check the assumptions and conditions for inference.b) Find a 95%
Movie budgets, the sequel Exercise 21 shows computer output examining the association between the length of a movie and its cost.a) Check the assumptions and conditions for inference.b) Find a 95%
Saratoga house prices How does the price of a house depend on its size? Data from Saratoga, New York, on 1064 randomly selected houses that had been sold include data on price ($1000s) and size
Movie budgets13 How does the cost of a movie depend on its length? Data on the cost (millions of dollars) and the running time (minutes) for major release films of 2005 are summarized in these plots
Drug use 2013 The 2013 World Drug Report investigated the prevalence of drug use as a percentage of the population aged 15 to 64. Data from 32 European countries are shown in the following
Tracking hurricanes 2012 In Chapter 6, we looked at data from the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration about their success in predicting hurricane tracks. On the following page is a
Shoot to score, shootout The coach from Exercise 2 called a team meeting to summarize the results from his study. Would it be a good strategy to tell the players that all they need to do is to shoot
Graduation 2013 party Would it be wise for the administrators at the college described in Exercise 1 to conclude that lowering their admission rate (i.e., making it harder to get in) would help to
Shoot to score, again The coach, still working with his superstar from Exercise 12, went on to suggest the player shoot more. Hopeful for 150 shots for the season, he calculated a 95% prediction
Graduation 2013, part VIII The administrators from Exercise 1 also determined a 95% prediction interval for the graduation rate of a school admitting 33% of applicants to be (82.96,, 93.28,).
Shoot to score, triple overtime As in Exercise 12, one of the coach’s best players has been in a slump, and the coach is trying to convince him to take more shots. Last year, the player took 104
Graduation 2013, part VII As in Exercise 11, the college described in Exercise 1 admits about 33% of applicants each year. Using their regression model, the administrators calculated a 95% confidence
Shoot to score, double overtime One of the coach’s best players has been in a slump, and the coach is trying to convince him to take more shots. Last year, the player took 104 shots. Would the
Graduation 2013, part VI The college described in Exercise 1 admits about 33% of applicants each year.Which will be larger, the standard error of the predicted 6-Year Graduation Rate of this college,
Shoot to score, overtime The coach in Exercise 2 found a 95% confidence interval for the slope of his regression line. Recall that he is trying to predict total goals scored based on shots taken.
Graduation 2013, part V The college administrators in Exercise 1 constructed a 95% confidence interval for the slope of their regression line. Interpret the meaning of their interval ( -0.332,
Shoot to score, number four What can the hockey coach in Exercise 2 conclude about shooting and scoring goals from the fact that the P-value 6 0.0001 for the slope of the regression line? Write a
Graduation 2013, part IV The college administrators in Exercise 1 tested the hypotheses H0: b1 = 0 vs. HA:b1 0 and rejected the null hypothesis because the P-value was less than 0.0001. What can
Shoot to score, hat trick Returning to the results of Exercise 2, write a sentence to explain the meaning of the standard error of the slope of the regression line, SE(b1) = 0.0053.
Graduation rates 2013, part III Continuing with the regression of Exercise 1, write a sentence that explains the meaning of the standard error of the slope of the regression line, SE(b1) = 0.0240.
Shoot to score another one Using the regression output from Exercise 2, identify the error standard deviation and explain its meaning with a sentence in context.
Graduation rates 2013, part II Using the regression output in Exercise 1, identify the error standard deviation and explain what it means in the context of the problem.
Shoot to score A college hockey coach collected data from the 2010–2011 National Hockey League season.He hopes to convince his players that the number of shots taken has an affect on the number of
Graduation rates 2013 A prestigious college is interested in factors that might be associated with better graduation rates. The administrators wonder whether there is a relationship between
Look at the moon with binoculars or a telescope, and you’ll see craters formed by thousands of impacts. The earth, being larger, has been hit even more often. Meteor Crater in Arizona was the first
Education by age Use the survey results in the table to investigate differences in education level attained among different age groups in the United States. Education Level 25-34 35-44 Age Group
Pregnancies Most pregnancies are full term, but some are preterm (less than 37 weeks). Of those that are preterm, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention classifies them as early (less than 34
Survival on the Titanic, one more time In Exercise 48, you could have checked for a difference in the chances of survival for men and women using two-proportion z procedures.a) Find the z-value for
Steering, revisited You could have checked the data T in Exercise 47 for evidence of racial steering using two-proportion z procedures.a) Find the z-value for this approach, and show that when you
Survival on the Titanic Newspaper headlines at the time, and traditional wisdom in the succeeding decades, have held that women and children escaped the Titanic in greater proportions than men.
Racial steering A subtle form of racial discrimination in housing is “racial steering.” Racial steering occurs when real estate agents show prospective buyers only homes in neighborhoods already
Full moon, next phase In Exercise 44, you found that the expected cell counts failed to satisfy the conditions for inference.a) Find a sensible way to combine some cells that will make the expected
Grades, again In some situations where the expected cell counts are too small, as in the case of the grades given by Professors Alpha and Beta in Exercise 43, we can complete an analysis anyway. We
Full moon Some people believe that a full moon elicits unusual behavior in people. The table shows the number of arrests made in a small town during weeks of six full moons and six other randomly
Grades Two different professors teach an introductory Statistics course. The table shows the distribution of final grades they reported. We wonder whether one of these professors is an “easier”
Working parents In April 2009, Gallup published results from data collected from a large sample of adults in the 27 European Union member states. One of the questions asked was, “Which is the most
Montana, revisited The poll described in Exercise 39 also investigated the respondents’ party affiliations based on what area of the state they lived in. Test an appropriate hypothesis about this
Fish diet Medical researchers followed 6272 Swedish men for 30 years to see if there was any association between the amount of fish in their diet and prostate cancer.(Source: “Fatty Fish
Montana A poll conducted by the University of Montana classified respondents by whether they were male or female and political party, as shown in the table.We wonder if there is evidence of an
Car origins A random survey of autos parked in the student lot and the staff lot at a large university classified the brands by country of origin, as seen in the table. Are there differences in the
Cranberry juice It’s common folk wisdom that drinking cranberry juice can help prevent urinary tract infections in women. In 2001, the British Medical Journal reported the results of a Finnish
NYPD again Examine and comment on this table of the standardized residuals for the chi-square test you looked at in Exercise 34. Male Female Officer -2.34 5.57 Detective -1.18 2.80 Sergeant 3.84
Titanic, again Examine and comment on this table of the standardized residuals for the chi-square test you looked at in Exercise 33. Crew First Second Third Alive -4.35 9.49 2.72 -3.30 Dead 3.00
NYPD and sex discrimination The table below shows the rank attained by male and female officers in the New York City Police Department (NYPD). Do these data indicate that men and women are equitably
Titanic Here is a table we first saw in Chapter 2 showing who survived the sinking of the Titanic based on whether they were crew members, or passengers booked in first-, second-, or third-class
Does your doctor know? (part 5) In Exercises 24, 26, 28, and 30, we considered data on articles in the NEJM. The original study listed 23 different Statistics methods.(The list read: t-tests,
Childbirth, part 5 In Exercises 23, 25, 27, and 29, we’ve looked at a study examining epidurals as one factor that might inhibit successful breastfeeding of newborn babies. Suppose a broader study
Does your doctor know? (part 4) In Exercises 24, 26, and 28, we’ve tested a hypothesis about whether the use of statistics in NEJM medical articles has changed over time. The table shows the
Childbirth, part 4 In Exercises 23, 25, and 27, we’ve tested a hypothesis about the impact of epidurals on successful breastfeeding. The following table shows the test’s residualsa) Show how the
Does your doctor know? (part 3) In Exercises 24 and 26, we’ve begun to examine whether the use of statistics in NEJM medical articles has changed over time.a) Calculate the component of chi-square
Childbirth, part 3 In Exercises 23 and 25, we’ve begun to examine the possible impact of epidurals on successful breastfeeding.a) Calculate the component of chi-square for the epidural/no
Does your doctor know? (part 2) The table in Exercise 24 shows whether NEJM medical articles during various time periods included statistics or not.We’re planning to do a chi-square test.a) How
Childbirth, part 2 In Exercise 23, the table shows results of a study investigating whether aftereffects of epidurals administered during childbirth might interfere with successful breastfeeding.
Does your doctor know? A survey7 of articles from the New England Journal of Medicine (NEJM) classified them according to the principal statistics methods used. The articles recorded were all
Childbirth, part 1 There is some concern that if a woman has an epidural to reduce pain during childbirth, the drug can get into the baby’s bloodstream, making the baby sleepier and less willing to
Lottery numbers The fairness of the South African lottery was recently challenged by one of the country’s political parties. The lottery publishes historical statistics at its website
Hurricane frequencies The National Hurricane Center provides data that list the numbers of large (category 3, 4, or 5) hurricanes that have struck the United States, by decade since 1851
Pi Many people know the mathematical constant p is approximately 3.14. But that’s not exact.To be more precise, here are 20 decimal places:3.14159265358979323846. Still not exact, though.In fact,
Fruit flies Offspring of certain fruit flies may have ebony or yellow bodies and normal wings or short wings.Genetic theory predicts that these traits will appear in the ratio 9:3:3:1 (9 ebony,
Violence against women 2009 In its study When Men Murder Women: An Analysis of 2009 Homicide Data, 2011, the Violence Policy Center (www.vpc.org) reported that 1818 women were murdered by men in
NYPD and race Census data for New York City indicate that 29.2% of the under-18 population is white, 28.2%black, 31.5% Latino, 9.1% Asian, and 2% other ethnicities.The New York Civil Liberties Union
Mileage A salesman who is on the road visiting clients thinks that, on average, he drives the same distance each day of the week. He keeps track of his mileage for several weeks and discovers that he
Nuts A company says its premium mixture of nuts contains 8% Brazil nuts, 18% cashews, 20% almonds,and 9% hazelnuts, and the rest are peanuts. You buy a large can and separate the various kinds of
M&M’s As noted in an earlier chapter, Mars Inc. says that until very recently yellow candies made up 20% of its milk chocolate M&M’s, red another 20%, and orange, blue, and green 10% each. The
Dice After getting trounced by your little brother in a children’s game, you suspect the die he gave you to roll may be unfair. To check, you roll it 96 times, recording the number of times each
Which test, again? For each of the following situations, state whether you’d use a chi-square goodness-of-fit test, a chi-square test of homogeneity, a chi-square test of independence, or some
Which test? For each of the following situations, state whether you’d use a chi-square goodness-of-fit test, a chi-square test of homogeneity, a chi-square test of independence, or some other
Internet use poll, II The same poll as in Exercise 9 also asked the questions“Did you use the Internet yesterday?”and “What is your educational level?” Is the response to the question about
Internet use poll A Pew Research poll in April 2009 from a random sample of U.S. adults asked the questions“Did you use the Internet yesterday?” and “Are you White, Black, or Hispanic/Other?”
Customer ages An analyst at a local bank wonders if the age distribution of customers coming for service at his branch in town is the same as at the branch located near the mall. He selects 100
Bank cards, again For the customers in Exercise 2,a) If the customers apply for the three cards according to the historical proportions, about how big, on average, would you expect the x2 statistic
Human births, again For the births in Exercise 1,a) If there is no seasonal effect, about how big, on average, would you expect the x2 statistic to be(what is the mean of the x2 distribution)?b) Does
Human births If there is no seasonal effect on human births, we would expect equal numbers of children to be born in each season (winter, spring, summer, and fall).A student takes a census of her
Birth month may not be related to success as a CEO, but what about on the ball field? It has been proposed by some researchers that children who are the older ones in their class at school naturally
BST II In the experiment about hormone injections in cows described in Exercise 39, a group of 52 Jersey cows increased average milk production from 43 pounds to 52 pounds per day, with a standard
Marathon start-up years 2013 When we considered the Boston Marathon in Exercise 37, we were unable to check the Nearly Normal Condition. Here’s a histogram of the differences:The three largest
Wheelchair marathon 2013 The Boston Marathon has had a wheelchair division since 1977. Who do you think is typically faster, the men’s marathon winner on foot or the women’s wheelchair marathon
Freshman 15, revisited In Exercise 12, you thought about how to design a study to see if it’s true that students tend to gain weight during their first year in college.Well, Cornell Professor of
Strikes Advertisements for an instructional video claim that the techniques will improve the ability of Little League pitchers to throw strikes and that, after undergoing the training, players will
Sex sells, part II In Exercise 11, you considered the question of whether sexual images in ads affected people’s abilities to remember the item being advertised. To investigate, a group of
Tuition 2013 How much more do public colleges and universities charge out-of-state students for tuition per year?A random sample of 19 public colleges and universities listed at www.collegeboard.com
Braking test 2 For another test of the tires in Exercise 31, a car made repeated stops from 60 miles per hour. The test was run on both dry and wet pavement, with results as shown in the table. (Note
Braking test A tire manufacturer tested the braking performance of one of its tire models on a test track.The company tried the tires on 10 different cars, recording the stopping distance for each
Gasoline Many drivers of cars that can run on regular gas actually buy premium in the belief that they will get better gas mileage. To test that belief, we use 10 cars from a company fleet in which
Yogurt Is there a significant difference in calories between servings of strawberry and vanilla yogurt?Based on the data shown in the table, test an appropriate hypothesis and state your conclusion.
Summer school (When you first read about the summer school issue in Chapter 22, you did not have an inference method that would work. Try again now.) Having done poorly on their Math final exams in
Job satisfaction (When you first read about this exercise break plan in Chapter 22, you did not have an inference method that would work. Try again now.) A company institutes an exercise break for
Push-ups Every year, the students at Gossett High School take a physical fitness test during their gym classes. One component of the test asks them to do as many push-ups as they can. Results for one
NY Marathon 2013 The table below shows the winning times (in minutes) for men and women in the New York City Marathon between 1978 and 2013. (The race was not run in 2012 because of Superstorm
City Temperatures The following table gives the average daily high temperatures in January and July for several cities.Find a 95% confidence interval for the mean temperature difference between
Online insurance III Exercises 17 and 19 give summaries and displays for car insurance premiums quoted by a local agent and an online company. Test an appropriate hypothesis to see if there is
Online insurance I After seeing countless commercials claiming one can get cheaper car insurance from an online company, a local insurance agent was concerned that he might lose some customers. To
Friday the 13th, accidents The researchers in Exercise 15 also examined the number of people admitted to emergency rooms for vehicular accidents on 12 Friday evenings (6 each on the 6th and
Friday the 13th, traffic The British Medical Journal published an article titled, “Is Friday the 13th Bad for Your Health?” Researchers in Britain examined how Friday the 13th affects human

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