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intro stats

Questions and Answers of Intro Stats

Scatterplots II Which of these scatterplots showa) little or no association?b) a negative association?c) a linear association?d) a moderately strong association?e) a very strong association? 3 (4)
Scatterplots Which of these scatterplots showa) little or no association?b) a negative association?c) a linear association?d) a moderately strong association?e) a very strong association? (1) (3) + H
Association IV Suppose you were to collect data for each pair of variables. You want to make a scatterplot. Which variable would you use as the explanatory variable and which as the response
Association III Suppose you were to collect data for each pair of variables. You want to make a scatterplot. Which variable would you use as the explanatory variable and which as the response
Dexterity scores Scores on a test of dexterity are recorded by timing a subject who is inverting pegs by picking them up with one hand, manipulating them to turn them over, and then placing them back
Salaries and logs For an analysis of the salaries of your company, you plot the salaries of all employees against the number of years they have worked for the company. You find that plotting the
Blizzards A study finds that during blizzards, online sales are highly associated with the number of snow plows on the road;the more plows, the more online purchases. The director of an association
Bookstore sales again A larger firm is considering acquiring the bookstore of Exercise 3. An analyst for the firm, noting the relationship seen in Exercise 3, suggests that when they acquire the
Correlation facts II If we assume that the conditions for correlation are met, which of the following are true? If false, explain briefly.a) A correlation of 0.02 indicates a strong, positive
Correlation facts If we assume that the conditions for correlation are met, which of the following are true? If false, explain briefly.a) A correlation of -0.98 indicates a strong, negative
Disk drives 2016 Disk drives have been getting larger.Their capacity is now often given in terabytes (TB), where 1 TB is roughly equal to 1000 gigabytes, or about a trillion bytes. A search of prices
Association II Suppose you were to collect data for each pair of variables. You want to make a scatterplot. Which variable would you use as the explanatory variable and which as the response
Association Suppose you were to collect data for each pair of variables. You want to make a scatterplot. Which variable would you use as the explanatory variable and which as the response variable?
Tomatoes Agricultural scientists are working on developing an improved variety of Roma tomatoes. Marketing research indicates that customers are likely to bypass Romas that weigh less than 70 grams.
BMI values The ideal BMI for a female is between 18.5 and 24.9.A year ago, a group of female friends had an average BMI of 25.4, and 54% of them exceeded the ideal maximum BMI of 24.9.a) If a Normal
Body temperatures Most people think that the “normal”adult body temperature is 98.6F. That figure, based on a 19th-century study, has recently been challenged. In a 1992 article in the Journal
Diastolic blood pressure Suppose the diastolic blood pressure of a group of patients can be described by a Normal model with a mean of 85 mmHg and a standard deviation of 10 mmHg.a) What fraction of
Tires A tire manufacturer believes that the treadlife of its snow tires can be described by a Normal model with a mean of 32,000 miles and standard deviation of 2500 miles.a) If you buy one of these
Cholesterol Assume the cholesterol levels of adult American women can be described by a Normal model with a mean of 188 mg/dL and a standard deviation of 24.a) Draw and label the Normal model.b) What
IQ, finis Consider the IQ model N(100, 15) one last time.a) What IQ represents the 15th percentile?b) What IQ represents the 98th percentile?c) What’s the IQR of the IQs?
Cattle, finis Consider the Angus weights model N(1152, 84)one last time.a) What weight represents the 40th percentile?b) What weight represents the 99th percentile?c) What’s the IQR of the weights
More IQs In the Normal model N(100, 15) from Exercise 10, what cutoff value boundsa) the highest 5% of all IQs?b) the lowest 30% of the IQs?c) the middle 80% of the IQs?
Park visitors’ heights, part III Based on the model N(1.6,0.4)describing park visitors’ heights from Exercise 29, what are the cutoff values fora) the highest 10% of the heights?b) the lowest 10%
CEO compensation logged and sampled Suppose we take logarithms of the CEO compensations in Exercise 47. The histogram of log Compensation looks like this:with a mean of 1.07 and a standard deviation
CEO compensation 2014 sampled The Glassdoor Economic Research Blog published the compensation (in millions of dollars) for the CEOs of large companies. The distribution looks like this:The mean CEO
Customer database A large philanthropic organization keeps records on the people who have contributed. In addition to keeping records of past giving, the organization buys demographic data on
Receivers 2015 NFL data from the 2015 football season reported the number of yards gained by each of the league’s 488 receivers:The mean is 274.73 yards, with a standard deviation of 327.32
Check the model The mean of the 100 car speeds in Exercise 30 was 23.84 mph, with a standard deviation of 3.56 mph.a) Using a Normal model, what values should border the middle 95% of all car
Winter Olympics 2018 Fifty-three men completed the men’s alpine downhill at the 2018 winter Olympics in PyeongChang.The gold medal winner finished in 100.25 seconds. Here are the times (in seconds)
Car speeds 100, the picture For the car speed data in Exercise 30, here are the histogram, boxplot, and Normal probability plot of the 100 readings. Do you think it is appropriate to apply a Normal
Trees, part II Later on, the forester in Exercise 39 shows you a histogram of the tree diameters he used in analyzing the woods that was for sale. Do you think he was justified in using a Normal
Rivets A company that manufactures rivets believes the shear strength (in pounds) is modeled by N(800, 50).a) Draw and label the Normal model.b) Would it be safe to use these rivets in a situation
Trees A forester measured 27 of the trees in a large woods that is up for sale. He found a mean diameter of 10.4 inches and a standard deviation of 4.7 inches. Suppose that these trees provide an
Short park visitors In Exercise 29, we suggested the model N(1.6,0.4) for heights of park visitors. What height would be unusual to record for a park visitor? Explain.38. High IQ Exercise 10 proposes
Club attendance The management of a club recorded the attendance of people entering the club every Saturday for a whole year. The management reported that the mean attendance was 483 individuals.
Middle-aged individuals A researcher has told a colleague about a study he is conducting among middle-aged individuals.He has told her the mean and the standard deviation of the ages of the
Caught speeding Suppose police set up radar surveillance on the Stanford street described in Exercise 30. They handed out a large number of tickets to speeders going a mean of 28 mph, with a standard
Metal plates, part II Suppose the company in Exercise 31 sold a set of metal plates whose minimum thickness was 4.1 mm, median 4.42 mm, standard deviation 0.098 mm, and IQR 1.34 mm. They sold for
Car speeds 100 again For the car speed data in Exercise 30, recall that the mean speed recorded was 23.84 mph, with a standard deviation of 3.56 mph. To see how many cars are speeding, John subtracts
Metal plates The thickness of a set of metal plates can be described by a Normal model with a mean of 4.3 mm and a standard deviation of 0.12 mm.a) Suppose that the company manufacturing these metal
Car speeds 100 John Beale of Stanford, California, recorded the speeds of cars driving past his house, where the speed limit read 20 mph. The mean of 100 readings was 23.84 mph, with a standard
Park visitors’ heights, part II Using N(1.6,0.4), the Normal model for heights of park visitors in Exercise 13, answer the following questions:a) How many standard deviations from the mean would a
MP3s Two companies market new batteries targeted at owners of personal music players. DuraTunes claims a mean battery life of 11 hours, while RockReady advertises 12 hours.a) Explain why you would
Exam performance Two classmates, Pearl and Faye, wanted to compare their performance on the Mathematics and Accounting exams. Pearl scored 81 on the Mathematics exam and 84 on the Accounting exam,
Combining scores again The first Stat exam had a mean of 80 and a standard deviation of 4 points; the second had a mean of 70 and a standard deviation of 15 points. Reginald scored an 80 on the first
Combining test scores The first Stats exam had a mean of 65 and a standard deviation of 10 points; the second had a mean of 80 and a standard deviation of 5 points. Derrick scored an 80 on both
Windy In the last chapter, we looked at three outliers arising from a plot of Average Wind Speed by Month in the Hopkins Forest. Each was associated with an unusually strong storm, but which was the
Music library again Corey has 4929 songs in his computer’s music library. The songs have a mean duration of 242.4 seconds with a standard deviation of 114.51 seconds. On the Nickel, by Tom Waits,
Cold U? A high school senior uses the Internet to get information on February temperatures in the town where he’ll be going to college. He finds a website with some statistics, but they are given
SAT or ACT? Each year thousands of high school students take either the SAT or the ACT, standardized tests used in the college admissions process. Combined SAT Math and Verbal scores go as high as
Parcel deliveries The parcels delivered by an online clothing company during the year 2019 had weights varying between 21 and 106 ounces, with a mean weight of 48 ounces, and standard deviation of 18
Payroll Here are the summary statistics for the weekly payroll of a small company: lowest salary = +300, mean salary = +700, median = +500, range = +1200, IQR = +600, first quartile = +350, standard
Wisconsin ACT 2015 The histogram shows the distribution of mean ACT composite scores for all Wisconsin public schools in 2015. 80.1% of the data points fall between one standard deviation below the
Music library Corey has 4929 songs in his computer’s music library. The lengths of the songs have a mean of 242.4 seconds and standard deviation of 114.51 seconds. A Normal probability plot of the
Annual incomes The mean annual income of a group of assistant chefs is €20,500, while the median income is €24,595.The standard deviation is €1,800.a) If a Normal model is used for these
ACT scores The Mathematics section of the ACT test had a mean of 20.9 and an SD of 5.3 for the years 2013–2015. If these are well modeled by a Normal distribution, about what percent of students
IQs revisited Based on the Normal model N(100, 15)describing IQ scores, what percent of people’s IQs would you expect to bea) over 80?b) under 90?c) between 112 and 132?
Park visitors’ heights At an amusement park, visitors have to be taller than 1.5 meters to ride on the Rock n’ Roll coaster.From past records, the management of the amusement park knows that the
Stats test Suppose your statistics professor reports test grades as z-scores, and you got a score of 2.20 on an exam.a) Write a sentence explaining what that means.b) Your friend got a z-score of -1.
Checkup One of the authors has an adopted grandson whose birth family members are very short. After examining him at his 2-year checkup, the boy’s pediatrician said that the z-score for his height
IQ Some IQ tests are standardized to a Normal model, with a mean of 100 and a standard deviation of 15.a) Draw the model for these IQ scores. Clearly label it, showing what the 68–95–99.7 Rule
Newborn baby weights A hospital keeps record of the weights of newborn babies and finds that these are normally distributed with a mean weight of 3.5 kg and a standard deviation of 0.5 kg.a) Draw the
Women’s shoe sizes The shoe size data for women has a mean of 38.46 and a standard deviation of 1.84. To convert to U.S. sizes, use USsize = EuroSize * 0.7865 - 22.5.a) What is the mean women’s
Men’s shoe sizes In Chapter 2 (Exercise 16) we saw data on shoe sizes of students, reported in European sizes. For the men, the mean size was 44.65 with a standard deviation of 2.03. To convert
Hotline A company’s customer service hotline handles many calls relating to orders, refunds, and other issues. The company’s records indicate that the median length of calls to the hotline is 4.4
Food packages A food company that ships food packages worldwide claims that its food packages have a median weight of 3 kilograms and an IQR of 1.9 kilograms.a) The company plans to include a new
Placement exams Clara took her college’s placement exams in Physics and Statistics. In Physics, she scored 85 and in Statistics 88. The overall results on the Physics exam had a mean of 74 and a
Temperatures A town’s January high temperatures average 36F with a standard deviation of 10, while in July the mean high temperature is 74 and the standard deviation is 8. In which month is it
Mensa People with z-scores above 2.5 on an IQ test are sometimes classified as geniuses. If IQ scores have a mean of 100 and a standard deviation of 15 points, what IQ score do you need to be
Stats test The mean score on the Stats exam was 75 points with a standard deviation of 5 points, and Gregor’s z-score was-2. How many points did he score?
Pizza price differences The mean price of pizza in Baltimore was $2.85, $0.23 higher than the mean price of $2.62 in Dallas.To see if that difference was real, or due to chance, we took the 156
Pizza prices by city (Data in Pizza prices) The company that sells frozen pizza to stores in four markets in the United States(Denver, Baltimore, Dallas, and Chicago) wants to examine the prices that
Stereograms shuffled From Exercise 50 it appeared that the mean log fusion time for the VV group was greater than that of the NV group. Could the difference be due to chance? The histogram below
Cost of living sampled From Exercise 16 it appeared that the mean cost of a cappuccino was slightly higher than the mean cost of a dozen eggs. Given the variation among the prices, could that
Stereograms, revisited Because of the skewness of the distributions of fusion times described in Exercise 49, we might consider a re-expression. Here are the boxplots of the log of fusion times. Is
Stereograms Stereograms appear to be composed entirely of random dots. However, they contain separate images that a viewer can “fuse” into a three-dimensional (3D) image by staring at the dots
Rainmakers The table lists the amounts of rainfall (in acrefeet)from the 26 clouds seeded with silver iodide discussed in Exercise 40. (Data in Cloud seeding)a) Why is acre-feet a good way to measure
Assets again Here are the same data you saw in Exercise 45 after re-expressions as the square root of assets (in $M) and the logarithm of assets (in $M):a) Which re-expression do you prefer? Why?b)
Music library Students were asked how many songs they had in their digital music libraries. Here’s a display of the responses:a) What aspect of this distribution makes it difficult to summarize, or
Assets Here is a histogram of the assets (in millions of dollars)of 79 companies chosen from the Forbes list of the nation’s top corporations: (Data in Companies)a) What aspect of this distribution
Baseball 2016 American League baseball teams play their games with the designated hitter rule, meaning that pitchers do not bat.The league believes that replacing the pitcher, typically a weak
MPG A consumer organization wants to compare gas mileage figures for several models of cars made in the United States with autos manufactured in other countries. The data for a random sample of cars
Cholesterol and smoking A study that examined the health risks of smoking measured the cholesterol levels of people who had smoked for at least 25 years and people of similar ages who had smoked for
Industrial experiment Engineers at a computer production plant tested two methods for accuracy in drilling holes into a PC board. They tested how fast they could set the drilling machine by running
Cloud seeding In an experiment to determine whether seeding clouds with silver iodide increases rainfall, 52 clouds were randomly assigned to be seeded or not. The amount of rain they generated was
Test marks A class of fourth-grade Mathematics students took a November test. The five-number summaries for the 16 girls and 12 boys in the class are shown in the table below:a) Which group had the
Framingham cholesterol The Framingham Heart Study recorded the cholesterol levels of more than 1400 participants.(Data in Framingham) Here is an ogive of the distribution of these cholesterol
Derby speeds 2017 (Data in Kentucky Derby 2017) How fast do horses run? Kentucky Derby winners run well over 30 miles per hour, as shown in this graph. The graph shows the percentage of Derby winners
Anxiety scores Prior to an exam, 30 students in a class took an anxiety test, and the following are the summary statistics for the anxiety scores obtained by gender:a) Create side-by-side boxplots
Caffeine A student study of the effects of caffeine asked volunteers to take a memory test 2 hours after drinking soda. Some drank caffeine-free cola, some drank regular cola (with caffeine), and
Heart beats Here are summary statistics for the number of heart beats (per minute) of a group of adults:Suppose you didn’t have access to the data. Answer the following questions from the summary
Graduation? A survey of major universities asked what percentage of incoming freshmen usually graduate “on time” in 4 years.Use the summary statistics given to answer the questions that follow.a)
Eye and hair color A survey of 1021 school-age children was conducted by randomly selecting children from several large urban elementary schools. Two of the questions concerned eye and hair color. In
Test scores Three statistics classes all took the same test.Histograms and boxplots of the scores for each class are shown below. Match each class with the corresponding boxplot. 9 # of Students 4 2
Ozone Ozone levels (in parts per billion, ppb) were recorded at sites in New Jersey monthly between 1926 and 1971. Here are boxplots of the data for each month (over the 46 years), lined up in order
Employment rates The following graph displays the EU-28 trends in employment rates for individuals aged 20–64 by gender.a) Comment on the type of data displayed in the figure.b) Describe all
Fuel economy and cylinders Describe what these boxplots tell you about the relationship between the number of cylinders a car’s engine has and the car’s fuel economy (mpg). 35 35 30 30 25 25 20
Market amounts The following two boxplots show the amount (in Euro) spent at a local market by 23 individuals, 11 of whom are males and 12 of whom are females. Write a brief report discussing what
Financial service providers The following display shows the distribution of financial service providers (FSP) per inhabitant in 2015 for the countries Austria (AT), Switzerland (CH), Germany (DE),
Women’s basketball Here are boxplots of the points scored during the first 10 games of the season for both Scyrine and Alexandra:a) Summarize the similarities and differences in their performance

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