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intro stats

Questions and Answers of Intro Stats

Here is a mosaic plot of the data from Exercise 1 on whether college provides value from a survey of U.S. adults and college presidents:a) From the mosaic plot, about what percent of the respondents
The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention provide data on smoking rates by year and for men and women separately. Here is a table with some of that information:a) What was the smoking rate among
Are the patterns seen in Exercises 5 and 6 relating diet to political opinion the same for men and women? Here are two contingency tables:Data From Exercise 5The survey of 299 undergraduate students
The data set Student survey contains 299 responses to a student survey from a statistics project. The questions asked included:◆ How would you rate yourself politically? (1 = Far left, 9 = Far
In a random sample of U.S. adults surveyed in December 2011, Pew Research asked how important it is “to you personally” to be successful in a high-paying career or profession. Here is a table
The following table summarizes 1529 films from 2014 and 2015 that have been classified into a genre and have a MPAA rating.a) What percent of these films were rated R?b) What percent of these films
Look again at the table of smoking prevalence in exercise 19.a) Compare the smoking rate among 18–24-year-old women to that of men during the time covered by this table.b) Relatively few women over
Pew Research surveyed 5006 U.S. adults to ask their opinions about the state of jobs in the United States in 2016 (www.pewsocialtrends.org/2016/10/06/the-state-ofamerican- jobs/) Respondents were
Pew Research (www .pewsocialtrends.org/2013/03/14/modern-parenthood-roles-ofmoms- and-dads-converge-as-they-balance-work-and-family/) surveyed parents and asked how many hours they spent in various
The New York Times combined survey data (economix.blogs.nytimes.com/2013/ 07/10/working-parents-wanting-fewer-hours/) with data from the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS) (www.bls.gov/news
The Pew Research survey cited in Exercise 27 also asked what employment sector the respondents worked in and whether their job gave them a sense of identity or whether it was “just what they do for
Here is a mosaic plot of the data on being successful from Exercise 10:a) Are the differences in sample sizes in the four groups very large?b) Which factor seems more important in determining how
Here is a mosaic plot of the data on Diet and Politics from Exercise 5 combined with data on Gender.Data From Exercise 5The survey of 299 undergraduate students from Exercise 86 in Chapter 2 (data in
A recent article in Geophysical Research Letters (Asteroid impact effects and their immediate hazards for human populations, 10.1002/2017GL073191) simulated the consequences of an earth impact by an
In Exercise 5 you were asked whether you thought the differences in political identification across diet preferences were real. To examine that question further, we randomly scrambled the students’
The boxplot shows the fuel economy ratings for 67 model year 2012 subcompact cars. Some summary statistics are also provided. The extreme outlier is the Mitsubishi i-MiEV, an electric car whose
In Exercise 8 you were asked to compare the responses of college presidents and all U.S. adults to the question about the value of a college education. To examine that question further, we randomly
Here is a display of the international load factors by month for the period from 2000 to 2016:Discuss the patterns you see in this display. International Load
Here are the same three prices as in Exercise 15 but for 576 cities around the world.a) In general, which commodity is the most expensive?b) Is a carton of eggs ever more expensive than a cappuccino?
Here is a display of the domestic load factors by year through 2015:Discuss the patterns you see in this display. Domestic Load Factor 82.5 75.0 67.5 60.0 T Տրոիզըծո PRRes: T 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7
Discoveries of planets beyond our solar system have grown rapidly. Here is a histogram showing the distance (in lightyears) from earth to stars that have known planets (as of 2016):Explain why it
The Men’s Giant Slalom skiing event consists of two runs whose times are added together for a final score. Two displays of the giant slalom times in the 2014 Winter Olympics at Sochi are shown
Look at the boxplots by month in Exercise 5. The long low whisker for the year 2001 is due to the terrorist attacks of 9/11. Do you think the data for the months affected by that attack should be set
Here are boxplots of weekly gas prices for regular gas in the United States as reported by the U.S. Energy Information Administration for 2009 through August 2016:a) Compare the distribution of
Because of the skewness of the distributions of fusion times described in Exercise 49, we might consider a re-expression. Here are the boxplots of the log of fusion times. Is it better to analyze the
A National Vital Statistics Report (www.cdc.gov/nchs/) provides information on deaths by age, sex, and race. Below are displays of the distributions of ages at death for White and Black males:a)
The U.S. Department of Energy (www. fueleconomy.gov/feg/download.shtml) provides fuel economy and pollution information on over 1200 2016 car models. Here is a boxplot of Combined Fuel Economy (using
From Exercise 16 it appeared that the mean cost of a cappuccino was slightly higher than the mean cost of a dozen eggs. Given the variation among the prices, could that difference be due just to
From Exercise 50 it appeared that the mean log fusion time for the VV group was greater than that of the NV group. Could the difference be due to chance? The histogram below shows the difference in
In Chapter 2 (Exercise 16) we saw data on shoe sizes of students, reported in European sizes. For the men, the mean size was 44.65 with a standard deviation of 2.03. To convert euro shoe sizes to
The boxplots display the heights (in inches) of 130 members of a choir by the part they sing.a) It appears that the median height for sopranos is missing, but actually the median and the upper
Clarksburg Bakery is trying to predict how many loaves to bake. In the past 100 days, they have sold between 95 and 140 loaves per day. Here is a histogram of the number of loaves they sold for the
In a study of dialysis, researchers found that “of the three patients who were currently on dialysis, 67% had developed blindness and 33% had their toes amputated.” What kind of display might be
Beanstalk Clubs are social clubs for very tall people. To join, a man must be over 6'2"tall, and a woman over 5'10". The National Health Survey suggests that heights of adults may be Normally
A credit card bank is investigating the incidence of fraudulent card use. The bank suspects that the type of product bought may provide clues to the fraud. To examine this situation, the bank looks
One Thursday, researchers gave students enrolled in a section of basic Spanish a set of 50 new vocabulary words to memorize. On Friday, the students took a vocabulary test. When they returned to
As part of the course work, a class at an upstate NY college collects data on streams each year. Students record a number of biological, chemical, and physical variables, including the stream name,
Public relations staff members at State U. phoned 850 local residents. After identifying themselves, the callers asked the survey participants their ages, whether they had attended college, and
The shoe size data for women has a mean of 38.46 and a standard deviation of 1.84. To convert to U.S. sizes, use US size = Euro Size x 0.7865 - 22.5.a) What is the mean women’s shoe size for these
Based on long-term investigation, researchers have suggested that the acidity (pH) of rainfall in the Shenandoah Mountains can be described by the Normal model N(4.9, 0.6).a) Draw and carefully label
One of the authors has an adopted grandson whose birth family members are very short. After examining him at his 2-year checkup, the boy’s pediatrician said that the z-score for his height relative
For the shoe sizes in Exercise 16, what might be the problem with either the standard deviation or the IQR as a measure of spread?Data From Exercise 16A last is a form, traditionally made of wood, in
In 2015 the Council of Europe published a report entitled The European School Survey Project on Alcohol and Other Drugs (www.espad.org). Among other issues, the survey investigated the percentages of
The table gives the numbers of passenger car occupants killed in accidents in 2011 by car type.Convert this table to a relative frequency table. Subcompact and
The frequencies of traffic fatalities of nonoccupants of vehicles are shown in the following bar chart. (www.the-numbers.com/research-analysis) Change this to a bar chart of relative frequencies.
The Motion Picture Association of America (MPAA) rates each film to designate the appropriate audience. The ratings are G, PG, PG-13, and R. The pie chart shows the MPAA ratings of the same 891
The ratings of the 20 top-grossing movies in the years 2006, 2008, 2012, and 2014 are shown in the following bar charts. The pie charts show the same data but are unlabeled. Match each pie chart with
Here are two histograms showing the annual number of traffic fatalities in passenger cars. (NHTSA) One plots the years, and the other plots the fatalities.a) There are gaps in the histogram for Year.
The National Center for Health Statistics (NCHS) conducts an extensive survey consisting of an interview and medical examination with a representative sample of about 5000 people a year. The
Here are the same histograms as in Exercise 7. However, the two groups of fatalities have been highlighted, and the corresponding bars in the Year histogram are also highlighted.a) How many years are
The pie chart summarizes the genres of the 891 MPAA rated movies released in 2014 and 2015.a) Is this an appropriate display for the genres? Why or why not?b) Which category was least common?
Some companies offer 401(k) retirement plans to employees, permitting them to shift part of their before-tax salaries into investments such as mutual funds. Employers typically match 50% of the
The Cleveland Casting Plant is a large, highly automated producer of gray and nodular iron automotive castings for Ford Motor Company. The company is interested in keeping the pouring temperature of
A study of body fat on 250 men collected measurements of 12 body parts as well as the percentage of body fat that the men carried. Here is a dotplot of their bicep circumferences (in inches). What
Load the Kentucky Derby 2016 data into your preferred statistics package and answer the following questions;a) What was the name of the winning horse in 1880?b) When did the length of the race
Load the Indy 500 2016 data into your preferred statistics package and answer the following questions:a) What was the average speed of the winner in 1920?b) How many times did Bill Vukovich win the
The U.S. Census Bureau keeps track of the number of adoptions in each state (and Washington, DC). (www.census .gov) The upper histogram shows the distribution of adoptions.The lower histogram shows
The study in Exercise 9 actually measured the bicep circumference in centimeters. The dot plot in Exercise 9 was formed by dividing each measurement by 2.54 to convert it to inches. Here is the dot
Here are the life expectancies at birth in 190 countries (2014) as collected by the World Health Organization.a) Describe the shape.b) How many modes do you see? Countries 40 30 20 10 48 58 68 Life
Describe the shape of the distribution of bicep circumferences (in inches) for the 250 men in the study of Exercise 10.Data From Exercise 10The study in Exercise 9 actually measured the bicep
For the 146 life expectancies in Exercise 15,a) Which would you expect to be larger: the median or the mean? Explain briefly.b) Which would you report: the mean or the median? Explain briefly.Data
For the distribution of e-mails sent by students in Exercise 11, describe the shape.Data From Exercise 11A university teacher saved every e-mail received from students in a large introductory
A last is a form, traditionally made of wood, in the shape of the human foot. Lasts of various sizes are used by shoemakers to make shoes. In the United States, shoe sizes are defined differently for
For the number of adoptions in Exercise 12,a) Which would you expect to be larger: the median or the mean? Explain briefly.b) Which would you report: the mean or the median? Explain briefly.Data From
For the shoe sizes in Exercise 16, what might be the problem with either the mean or the median as a measure of center?Data From Exercise 16A last is a form, traditionally made of wood, in the shape
For the 190 life expectancies in Exercise 15, a) Would you report the standard deviation or the IQR?b) Justify your answer briefly.Data From Exercise 15Here are the life expectancies at birth in
For the number of adoptions in Exercise 12,a) Would you report the standard deviation or the IQR?b) Justify your answer briefly.Data From Exercise 12The U.S. Census Bureau keeps track of the number
For the bicep measurements in Exercise 10, would you report the mean, the median, or both? Explain briefly.Data From Exercise 10The study in Exercise 9 actually measured the bicep circumference in
Here is a bar chart summarizing the movie genres from the 891 movies in Exercise 3.a) Were Thriller/Suspense or Adventure films more common?b) Is it easier to answer the question from the bar chart
Here is a bar chart summarizing the movie ratings from the 891 movies shown in Exercise 4.a) Which was the least common rating?b) Is it easier to answer the question from the bar chart from the pie
For the bicep measurements in Exercise 10, would you report the standard deviation or the IQR? Explain briefly.Data From Exercise 10The study in Exercise 9 actually measured the bicep circumference
Fifty-nine countries won gold medals in the 2016 Summer Olympics. The table lists them, along with the total number of gold medals each won.a) Try to make a display of these data. What problems do
The Yale Program on Climate Change Communication surveyed 1263 American adults in March 2015 and asked them about their attitudes on global climate change. Here’s a display of the percentages of
The histogram shows the carbohydrate content of 77 breakfast cereals (in grams).a) Describe this distribution.b) If you can, open the data set and identify the cereals with the highest carbohydrate
The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention lists causes of death in the United States during 2014:a) Is it reasonable to conclude that heart or lung diseases were the cause of approximately
The movie genres listed in Exercise 35 were originally listed as these:a) What problem would you encounter in trying to make a display of these data?b) How did the creators of the bar chart in
Test scores from a large calculus class of 400 are shown in the histogram below.a) Describe the distribution of scores. What might account for this shape?b) Why might both the mean and median score
An article in the Winter 2003 issue of Chance magazine (www.chance.amstat.org) reported on the Houston Independent School District’s magnet schools programs. Of the 1755 qualified applicants, 931
Test scores from a calculus section of 40 students are shown in the histogram below.Describe the distribution of scores. Why might you be less sure of the description of the shape as compared to the
Using the data from Exercise 56, write up a short report describing the distribution of the number of deaths in the United States from tornadoes during this time period.Data From Exercise 56Here are
The histogram shows the distribution of the prices of plain pizza slices (in $) for 156 weeks in Dallas, TX.Which summary statistics would you choose to summarize the center and spread in these data?
Here are the annual numbers of deaths from floods in the United States from 1995 through 2015:Find these statistics:a) Meanb) Median and quartilesc) Range and IQR 80, 131, 118, 136, 68, 38, 48, 49,
Here are the annual numbers of deaths from tornadoes in the United States from 1995 through 2015:Find these statistics:a) Meanb) Median and quartilesc) Range and IQR 30, 25, 67, 130, 94, 41, 40, 55,
Using the data from Exercise 55, write a short report describing the distribution of the number of deaths in the United States from floods during this time period.Data From Exercise 55Here are the
The display shows the average drive distance (in yards) for 199 professional golfers during a week on the men’s PGA tour in 2015.a) Describe this distribution.b) Approximately what proportion of
Exercise 64 looked at distances PGA golfers can hit the ball. The standard deviation of these average drive distances is 11.2 yards, and the quartiles are Q1 = 282.05 yards and Q3 = 294.5 yards.a)
The histogram shows the neck sizes (in inches) of the 250 men recruited for the health study in Utah from Exercise 9.Which summary statistics would you choose to summarize the center and spread in
Alex Rodriguez (known to fans as A-Rod) was the youngest player ever to hit 500 home runs. Here is a stem-and leaf display of the number of home runs hit by A-Rod during the 1994–2016 seasons.
Look again at the histogram of men’s neck sizes in Exercise 60.a) Is the mean closer to 14, 15, or 16 inches? Why?b) Is the standard deviation closer to 1 inch, 3 inches, or 5 inches? Explain.Data
Students were asked to make a histogram of the number of home runs Alex Rodriguez hit from 1994 to 2016 (see Exercise 73). One student submitted the following display:a) Comment on this graph.b)
The histogram shows total gross earnings (in millions of dollars) of the top 200 major release movies in 2015.An industry publication reports that the typical movie makes $23.2 million, but a

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