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statistics for experimentert

Questions and Answers of Statistics For Experimentert

Income by Age. The U.S. Census Bureau collects information on incomes of employed persons and publishes the results in Historical Income Tables. Independent simple random samples of 100 employed
Weight Loss and Leg Power. Another characteristic compared in the hip bone density study discussed in Problem 32 was Maximum Nottingham leg power, in watts. On the WeissStats site, we provide the
Weight Loss and BMI. In the paper “Voluntary Weight Reduction in Older Men Increases Hip Bone Loss: The Osteoporotic Fractures in Men Study” (Journal of Clinical Endocrinology &Metabolism, Vol.
Smoking and Cotinine. Refer to Problem 30. Decide whether conducting a Kruskal–Wallis test on the data is reasonable.
Smoking and Cotinine. Smoking during pregnancy is hazardous to both the mother and baby. Passive smoking, or inhalation of second-hand smoke, is also a concern. In the article “Detection of
Foot-pressure Angle. Genu valgum, commonly known as“knee-knock,” is a condition in which the knees angle in and touch one another when standing. Genu varum, commonly known as “bowlegged,” is
Refer to Problem 24.a. At the 5% significance level, do the data provide sufficient evidence to conclude that a difference in mean death and injured toll in earthquakes? Use the Kruskal–Wallis
Refer to Problem 24.a. Apply the Tukey multiple-comparison method to the data. Use a family confidence level of 0.95.b. Interpret your results from part (a).* Earthquake.
Earthquake. Refer to Problem 24. At the 5% significance level, do the data provide sufficient evidence to conclude that a difference in mean injured and death toll in the earthquakes? Use one-way
Earthquake. Refer to Problem 24.a. Obtain individual normal probability plots and the standard deviations of the samples.b. Perform a residual analysis.c. Decide whether presuming that the
Earthquake. On the page “List of 21st-century earthquakes”on Wikipedia, there’s information of the earthquakes and the fatalities that happened in the world in the 21st century. A random sample
Consider the following hypothetical samples.A B C 1 0 3 3 6 12 5 2 6 5 3 2a. Obtain the sample mean and sample variance of each of the three samples.b. Obtain SST, SSTR, and SSE by using the defining
Suppose that you want to compare the means of three populations by using the Tukey multiple-comparison procedure. If the sample sizes are 5, 6, and 6, determine the parameters for the appropriate
On what distribution does the Tukey multiple-comparison procedure rely?
Explain the difference between the individual confidence level and the family confidence level. Which confidence level is appropriate for multiple comparisons? Explain your answer.
Explain in detail the purpose of conducting a multiple comparison.*
For a one-way ANOVA,a. identify one purpose of one-way ANOVA tables.b. construct a generic one-way ANOVA table.*
In one-way ANOVA,a. list and interpret the three sums of squares.b. state the one-way ANOVA identity and interpret its meaning with regard to partitioning the total variation among all the data.
For what is one-way ANOVA used?
perform a Kruskal–Wallis test.
perform a multiple comparison by using the Tukey method.
use the q-tables, Tables IX and X in Appendix A.
perform a one-way ANOVA test.
construct a one-way ANOVA table.
compute the mean squares and the F-statistic for a one-way ANOVA.
obtain the sums of squares for a one-way ANOVA by using the computing formulas.
obtain the sums of squares for a one-way ANOVA by using the defining formulas.
state and check the assumptions required for a one-way ANOVA.
explain the essential ideas behind a one-way ANOVA.
use the F-table, Table VIII in Appendix A.
use and understand the formulas in this chapter.
Vehicle Miles. In this section, we illustrated the Kruskal–Wallis test with data on miles driven by samples of cars, buses, and trucks. The value of the test statistic K was computed on page 751 to
Artificial Teeth: Wear. The data from Exercise 16.58 on the volume of material worn away, in cubic millimeters, among three different materials for making artificialteeth. Use a 5% significancelevel.
Rock Sparrows. The data from Exercise 16.57 on the number of minutes per hour that male Rock Sparrows sang in the vicinity of the nests after patch-size manipulations were done on three different
Ground Water. The data from Exercise 16.56 on the concentrations, in milligrams per liter, of each of four chemicals among three different wells. Use a 1% significance level.
Monthly Rents. The data from Exercise 16.55 on monthly rents, in dollars, for independent random samples of newly completed apartments in the four U.S. regions. Use a 5% significance level.
Empty Stomachs. The data from Exercise 16.54 on the proportions of fish with empty stomachs among four species in African waters. Use a 1% significance level.
Theraphosaidea. Following are the data from Exercise 16.51 on Femur length of the four legs of the new genus of Theraphosaidea.Leg I Leg II Leg III Leg IV 7.72 6.74 6.44 9.16 6.38 5.39 5.82 8.37 8.59
Book Review. Following are the data from Exercise 16.48 on the number of pages for random samples of books in five rating groups.1* 2* 3* 4* 5*382 560 384 325 360 391 343 458 390 298 335 512 409 304
Spider Mites. The reproduction capability of spider mites infected with a bacteria called Cardinium was studied in the article“Cardinium Symbionts Cause Cytoplasmic Incompatibility in Spider
Free Lunch. In the publication “What Makes a High School Great?” (Newsweek, May 8, 2006, pp. 50–60), B. Kantrowitz and P. Wingert looked for America’s best high schools. One relevant variable
Home Size. The U.S. Census Bureau publishes information on the sizes of housing units in Current Housing Reports. Independent random samples of single-family detached homes (including mobile homes)
Ages of Car Buyers. Information on characteristics of new-car buyers appears in Buyers of New Cars, a publication of Newsweek, Inc. Independent random samples of new-car buyers yielded the data on
TV-Commercial Placement. In the article “Violence and Sex Impair Memory for Television Ads” (Journal of Applied Psychology, Vol. 87, No. 3, pp. 557–564), B. Bushman and A. Bonacci studied
Entertainment Expenditures. The Bureau of Labor Statistics conducts surveys on consumer expenditures for various types of entertainment and publishes its findings in Consumer Expenditure Survey.
For a Kruskal–Wallis test to compare five population means, what is the approximate distribution of K?
To decide whether the variation among sample mean ranks is large enough to warrant rejection of the null hypothesis of equal population means, we use the ratio of to . This ratio is called the
The measure of total variation of all the ranks is the of all the ranks, which can be expressed as /(n − 1), where is the total sum of squares computed for the ranks.
The measure of variation among the sample mean ranks is computed for the .
Fill in the blank: If the null hypothesis of equal population means is true, the sample mean ranks should be roughly .Regarding a Kruskal–Wallis test, fill in the blanks in each of Exercises
Energy Consumption. Apply Table 16.11 on page 745 and your answer from Exercise 16.120 to determine the remaining six confidence intervals for the differences between the energy consumption means.
In Step 3 of Procedure 16.2, we obtain confidence intervals only when i < j. Explain how to determine the remaining confidence intervals from those obtained.
Explain why the family confidence level, not the individual confidence level, is the appropriate level for comparing all population means simultaneously.
Prolonging Life. The data from Exercise 16.72 on the survival times, in days, among samples of patients in advanced stages of cancer, grouped by the affected organ, who were given a vitamin C
Sickle Cell Disease. The data from Exercise 16.71 on the steady-state hemoglobin levels of patients with three different types of sickle cell disease.
Magazine Ads. The data from Exercise 16.70 on the number of words of three syllables or more in advertisements from magazines of three different educational levels.
Book Prices. The data from Exercise 16.69 on book prices, in dollars, for independent random samples of hardcover books in law, science, medicine, and technology.
in months, of independent simple random samples of released prisoners among five different offense categories.
Doing Time. The data from Exercise
Cuckoo Care. The data from Exercise 16.67 on the lengths, in millimeters, of cuckoo eggs found in the nests of six bird species.
on weight losses, in kilograms, over a 1-year period of four popular diets. Recall that negative losses are gains and that WW = Weight Watchers.
Popular Diets. The data from Exercise
Fish of Lake Laengelmaevesi. The data from Exercise 16.65 on weight (in grams) and length (in centimeters) from the nose to the beginning of the tail for four species of fish caught in Lake
Daily TV Viewing Time. The data from Exercise 16.64 on the daily TV viewing times, in hours, of independent simple random samples of men, women, teens, and children.
Starting Salaries. Following are summary statistics from Exercise 16.63 on starting salaries, in thousands of dollars, for samples of bachelor’s-degree graduates in six fields. Use a family
Minke Whales. In the following table are summary statistics from Exercise 16.62 on body lengths, in meters, of minke whales entangled at four different ocean depths, in meters. Use a 99% family
Denosumab and Osteoporosis. In the following table are summary statistics from Exercise 16.61 on body-mass indexes (BMI)of the women in five denosumab treatment groups. Use a family confidence level
Breast Milk and IQ. Following are summary statistics from Exercise 16.60 on IQ for samples of children at age 71/2–8 years who were born preterm. The researchers used the following designations.
Artificial Teeth: Hardness. The data from Exercise 16.59 on the Vickers microhardness (VHN) of the occlusal surfaces among three different materials for making artificial teeth. Use a 95% family
Artificial Teeth: Wear. The data from Exercise 16.58 on the volume of material worn away, in cubic millimeters, among three different materials for making artificial teeth. Use a 95% family
Rock Sparrows. The data from Exercise 16.57 on the number of minutes per hour that male Rock Sparrows sang in the vicinity of the nests after patch-size manipulations were done on three different
Ground Water. The data from Exercise 16.56 on the concentrations, in milligrams per liter, of each of four chemicals among three different wells. Use a 99% family confidence level.
Monthly Rents. The data from Exercise 16.55 on monthly rents, in dollars, for independent random samples of newly completed apartments in the four U.S. regions. Use a 95% family confidence level.
Empty Stomachs. The data from Exercise 16.54 on the proportions of fish with empty stomachs among four species in African waters. Use a 99% family confidence level.
SmartPhone Battery Life. In the following table are the data from Exercise 16.53 on battery lives in hours, for samples of SmartPhones made by four different mobile companies. The four brands are
Permeation Sampling. Following are the data from Exercise 16.52 on experimentally obtained calibration constants for samples of compounds in each of four compound groups.Aliphatic Aromatic Esters
Theraphosaidea. Following are the data from Exercise 16.51 on Femur size of the four legs of the new genus of Theraphosaidea.Leg I Leg II Leg III Leg IV 7.72 6.74 6.44 9.16 6.38 5.39 5.82 8.37 8.59
From Exercise 16.50: In Section 16.2, we considered two hypothetical examples to explain the logic for one-way ANOVA.a. Refer to Table 16.1 on page 724 (95% family confidence level).b. Refer to Table
Copepod Cuisine. Following are the data on the number of copepods in each of 12 containers after 14 days for three different diets from Exercise 16.49. Use a family confidence level of 0.95.Diatoms
Book Review. Following are the data from Exercise 16.48 on number of pages for random samples of books in five rating groups.Use a family confidence level of 0.99.1* 2* 3* 4* 5*382 560 384 325 360
Determine the following for a q-curve with parameters κ = 8 and ν = 20.a. The q-value having area 0.01 to its rightb. q0.05
Determine the following for a q-curve with parameters κ = 6 and ν = 13.a. The q-value having area 0.05 to its rightb. q0.01
Fill in the blank: If a confidence interval for the difference between two population means does not contain , we can reject the null hypothesis that the two means are equal in favor of the
What is the purpose of doing a multiple comparison?
Monthly Rents. Refer to Exercise 16.74. Suppose that you have obtained a 95% confidence interval for each of the two differences, μ1 − μ2 and μ1 − μ3. Can you be 95% confident of both results
Monthly Rents. Refer to Exercise 16.55.a. Find and interpret a 95% confidence interval for the mean monthly rent of newly completed apartments in the Midwest.b. Find and interpret a 95% confidence
On page 735, we discussed how to use summary statistics(sample sizes, sample means, and sample standard deviations) to conduct a one-way ANOVA.a. Verify the formula presented there for obtaining the
Prolonging Life. Vitamin C (ascorbate) boosts the human immune system and is effective in preventing a variety of illnesses.In a study by E. Cameron and L. Pauling, published as the
Sickle Cell Disease. A study by E. Anionwu et al., published as the paper “Sickle Cell Disease in a British Urban Community” (British Medical Journal, Vol. 282, pp. 283–286), measured the
Magazine Ads. Advertising researchers F. Shuptrine and D. McVicker wanted to determine whether there were significant differences in the readability of magazine advertisements. Thirty magazines were
Book Prices. The R. R. Bowker Company collects data on book prices and publishes its findings in The Bowker Annual Library and Book Trade Almanac. Independent simple random samples of hardcover books
Doing Time. The Federal Bureau of Prisons publishes data in Statistical Report on the times served by prisoners released from federal institutions for the first time. Independent simple random
Cuckoo Care. Many species of cuckoos are brood parasites.The females lay their eggs in the nests of smaller bird species that then raise the young cuckoos at the expense of their own young.The
Popular Diets. In the article “Comparison of the Atkins, Ornish, Weight Watchers, and Zone Diets for Weight Loss and Heart Disease Risk Reduction” (Journal of the American Medical Association,
Fish of Lake Laengelmaevesi. An article by J. Puranen of the Department of Statistics, University of Helsinki, discussed a classic study on several variables of seven different species of fish caught
Daily TV Viewing Time. Nielsen Media Research collects information on daily TV viewing time, in hours, and publishes its findings in Time Spent Viewing. The WeissStats site provides data on daily
Starting Salaries. The National Association of Colleges and Employers(NACE) conducts surveys on salary offers to college graduates by field and degree. Results are published in Salary Survey. The
Minke Whales. Entanglement of marine mammals in fishing gear is a global issue and a significant threat to minke whales, in particular. In the article “Fishing Gears Involved in Entanglements of
Denosumab and Osteoporosis. A clinical study was conducted to see whether an antibody called denosumab is effective in treatment of osteoporosis of postmenopausal women, as reported in the article
Breast Milk and IQ. Considerable controversy exists over whether long-term neurodevelopment is affected by nutritional factors in early life. A. Lucas and R. Morley summarized their findings on that

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