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statistics for experimentert

Questions and Answers of Statistics For Experimentert

Governors. The National Governors Association publishes information on U.S. governors in Governors’ Political Affiliations & Terms of Office. Based on that document, we obtained the data on region
Motorcycle Accidents. The Scottish Executive, Analytical Services Division Transport Statistics, compiles information on motorcycle accidents in Scotland. During one year, data on the number of
Senators. The U.S. Congress, Joint Committee on Printing, provides information on the composition of Congress in Congressional Directory. On the WeissStats site, we present data on party and class
In this exercise, you are to consider two variables, x and y, defined on a hypothetical population. Following are the conditional distributions of the variable y corresponding to each value of the
Age and Gender. The U.S. Census Bureau publishes census data on the resident population of the United States in Current Population Survey. According to that document, 7.3% of male residents are in
Step 1 of Procedure 13.2 gives generic statements for the null and alternative hypotheses of a chi-square independence test. Use the terms statistically dependent and statistically independent,
Education and Salary. Studies have shown that a positive association exists between educational level and annual salary; in other words, people with more education tend to make more money.a. Does
Siskel and Ebert. In the classic TV show Sneak Previews, originally hosted by the late Gene Siskel and Roger Ebert, the two Chicago movie critics reviewed the week’s new movie releases and then
Diabetes in Native Americans. Preventable chronic diseases are increasing rapidly in Native American populations, particularly diabetes. F. Gilliland et al. examined the diabetes issue in the
Learning at Home. M. Stuart et al. studied various aspects of grade-school children and their mothers and reported their findings in the article “Learning to Read at Home and at School” (British
Deceptive News. In the article “When News Reporters Deceive: The Production of Stereotypes” (Journalism & Mass Communication Quarterly, Vol. 84, No. 2, pp. 281–298), researchers D. Lasorsa and
Fear of Gangs. In the article “Growing Pains and Fear of Gangs” (Applied Psychology in Criminal Justice, Vol. 5, No. 2, pp.1339–164), B. Brown and W. Benedict examined the relationship between
HPV Vaccine. In the article “Correlates for Completion of 3-dose Regimen of HPV Vaccine in Female Members of a Managed Care Organization” (Mayo Clinical Proceedings, Vol. 84, pp. 864–870), C.
Religion. A worldwide poll on religion was conducted by WIN-Gallup International and published as the document Global Index of Religiosity and Atheism. One question involved religious belief and
BMD and Depression. In the paper “Depression and Bone Mineral Density: Is There a Relationship in Elderly Asian Men?”(Osteoporosis International, Vol. 16, pp. 610–615), S. Wong et al.published
A chi-square homogeneity test is to be conducted to decide whether four populations are nonhomogeneous with respect to a variable that has eight possible values. What are the degrees of freedom for
Self-Concept and Sightedness. Self-concept can be defined as the general view of oneself in terms of personal value and capabilities. A study of whether visual impairment affects self-concept was
Slot Machines. In the article “The Influence of Theme as Slot Machine Attribute on Casino Gamers Decision-Making” (American Journal of Applied Sciences, Vol. 10, No. 7, pp. 734–739), E.
Region and Race. The U.S. Census Bureau compiles data on the U.S. population by region and race and publishes its findings in Current Population Reports. Independent simple random samples of
State of the Union. The Quinnipiac University Poll conducts nationwide surveys as a public service and for research. This problem is based on the results of one such poll. Independent simple random
Gun Control. The Quinnipiac University Poll conducts nationwide surveys as a public service and for research. This problem is based on the results of one such poll that asked independent random
Scoliosis. Scoliosis is a condition involving curvature of the spine. In a study by A. Nachemson and L. Peterson, reported in the Journal of Bone and Joint Surgery (Vol. 77, Issue 6, pp. 815–822),
Vegetarians. A poll conducted by Gallup asked American adults about vegetarianism. This problem is based on that poll. Of independent random samples of 500 men and 512 women, 20 of the men and 36 of
Fatty Acids and Allergies. P. Noakes et al. researched the effects of fatty acids found in oily fish on lowering the risk of allergic disease in the article “Increased Intake of Oily Fish in
use and understand the formulas in this chapter.
identify the basic properties of χ2-curves.
use the chi-square table, Table VII.
explain the reasoning behind the chi-square goodness-of-fit test.
perform a chi-square goodness-of-fit test.
group bivariate data into a contingency table.
find and graph marginal and conditional distributions.
decide whether an association exists between two variables of a population, given bivariate data for the entire population.
explain the reasoning behind the chi-square independence test.
perform a chi-square independence test to decide whether an association exists between two variables of a population, given bivariate data for a sample of the population.
perform a chi-square homogeneity test to compare the distributions of a variable of two or more populations.
Ancestry and Region. The U.S. Census Bureau collects information on the U.S. population by ancestry and region of residence and publishes the results in American Community Survey. According to that
Consider a χ2-curve with 17 degrees of freedom. Use Table VII to determinea. χ2 0.10.b. χ2 0.01.c. the χ2-value that has area 0.05 to its right.Applying the Concepts and Skills
Educational Attainment. The U.S. Census Bureau compiles census data on educational attainment of Americans. From the document Current Population Survey, we obtained the 2010 distribution of
Natural Disaster. From Wikipedia, we compiled the following table on natural disasters in the islands of Japan. The table uses these abbreviations: HU = Honshu, HA = Hokkaido, I = Izu Island, O
Natural Disaster. Refer to Problem 12.a. Find the conditional distributions of island by natural disaster and the marginal distribution of island.b. Does an association exist between the variables
Natural Disaster. Refer to Problem 12.a. Find the conditional distributions of natural disaster by island and the marginal distribution of natural disaster.b. Does an association exist between the
Hospitals. From data in Hospital Statistics, published by the American Hospital Association, we obtained the following contingency table for U.S. hospitals and nursing homes by type of facility and
Hospitals. Refer to Problem 15.a. Obtain the conditional distribution of control type within each facility type.b. Does an association exist between facility type and control type?Explain your
Hospitals. Refer to Problems 15 and 16.a. In view of your answer to Problem 16(b), without doing any further calculations, respond true or false to the following statement and explain your answer:
Hospitals. Refer to Problems 15–17.a. What percentage of hospitals are under proprietary control?b. What percentage of psychiatric hospitals are under proprietary control?c. What percentage of
Internet Use. In the article “Happier and Less Isolated: Internet Use in Old Age” (Journal of Poverty & Social Justice, Vol. 21, Issue 1, pp. 33–45), researcher O. Lelkes explores the impact of
Income and Residence. The U.S. Census Bureau compiles information on money income of people by type of residence and publishes its finding in Current Population Reports. Independent simple random
Economy in Recession? The Quinnipiac University Poll conducts nationwide surveys as a public service and for research. This problem is based on the results of one such poll. Independent simple random
Yakashba Estates. The document Arizona Residential Property Valuation System, published by the Arizona Department of Revenue, describes how county assessors use computerized systems to value
Withholding Treatment. Several years ago, a poll by Gallup asked 1528 adults the following question: “The New Jersey Supreme Court recently ruled that all life-sustaining medical treatment may be
Two χ2-curves have degrees of freedom 12 and 20, respectively. Which curve more closely resembles a normal curve? Explain your answer.
The t-table has entries for areas of 0.10, 0.05, 0.025, 0.01, and 0.005. In contrast, the χ2-table has entries for those areas and for 0.995, 0.99, 0.975, 0.95, and 0.90. Explain why the t-values
For a χ2-curve with 19 degrees of freedom, find the χ2-value that has areaa. 0.025 to its right.b. 0.95 to its right.
For a χ2-curve with 22 degrees of freedom, find the χ2-value that has areaa. 0.01 to its right.b. 0.995 to its right.
For a χ2-curve with df = 4, determinea. χ2 0.005.b. χ2 0.99.
Consider aχ2-curve with df=8. Obtain the χ2-value that has areaa. 0.01 to its left.b. 0.95 to its left.
Consider a χ2-curve with df = 16. Obtain the χ2-value that has areaa. 0.025 to its left.b. 0.975 to its left.
Determine the two χ2-values that divide the area under the curve into a middle 0.95 area and two outside 0.025 areas for aχ2-curve witha. df = 5.b. df = 26.
Determine the two χ2-values that divide the area under the curve into a middle 0.90 area and two outside 0.05 areas for aχ2-curve witha. df = 11.b. df = 28.
Give two situations in which making an inference about a population standard deviation would be important.In each of Exercises 11.15–11.20, we have provided a sample standard deviation and sample
Grey-Seal Nursing. The average lactation (nursing) period of all earless seals is 23 days. Grey seals are one of several types of earless seals. The length of time that a female grey seal nurses her
EPA Gas Mileage Estimates. Gas mileage estimates for cars and light-duty trucks are determined and published by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA). According to the EPA, “. . .the
Process Capability. R. Morris and E. Watson studied various aspects of process capability in the paper “Determining Process Capability in a Chemical Batch Process” (Quality Engineering, Vol.
Frozen Meals. COOK of Sittingbourne, England, provides baking instructions for its frozen meals. According to the instructions, the average baking time for Chicken and Tomato pasta is 10 to 12
Dispensing Coffee. A coffee machine is supposed to dispense 8 fluid ounces (floz) of coffee into a paper cup. In reality, the amounts dispensed vary from cup to cup. However, if the machine is
Counting Production. In Issue 10 of STATS from Iowa State University, data were published from an experiment that examined the effects of machine adjustment on bolt production. An electronic counter
Grey-Seal Nursing. Refer to Exercise 11.21 and find a 90% confidence interval for the standard deviation of lactation periods of grey seals.
EPA Gas Mileage Estimates. Refer to Exercise 11.22 and find a 95% confidence interval for the standard deviation of highway gas mileages for all cars of the model in question.
Process Capability. Refer to Exercise 11.23 and determine a 98% confidence interval for the product variability of the piece of equipment under consideration.
Frozen Meals. Refer to Exercise 11.24 and determine a 98% confidence interval for the standard deviation of baking times.
Dispensing Coffee. Refer to Exercise 11.25 and obtain a 99% confidence interval for the standard deviation of the amounts of coffee being dispensed.
Counting Production. Refer to Exercise 11.26 and obtain a 90% confidence interval for the standard deviation of the times needed to count 20 bolts.In each of Exercises 11.33–11.36, use the
Military Assistance Loans. The annual update of U.S. Overseas Loans and Grants, informally known as the “Greenbook,” contains data on U.S. government monetary economic and military assistance
Positively Selected Genes. R. Nielsen et al. compared 13,731 annotated genes from humans with their chimpanzee orthologs to identify genes that show evidence of positive selection. The researchers
Total Solar Irradiance. The amount of solar energy transmitted through each square meter of space prior to entry in the earth’s atmosphere, as measured by satellites, is called the total solar
Plesiadapis cookei. One extinct relative of primates that lived in North America about 60 million years ago is called Plesiadapis cookei. Dental characteristics of P. cookei were compared to those of
Body Temperature. A study by researchers at the University of Maryland addressed the question of whether the mean body temperature of humans is 98.6◦F. The results of the study by P. Mackowiak et
Dexamethasone and IQ. In the paper “Outcomes at School Age After Postnatal Dexamethasone Therapy for Lung Disease of Prematurity” (New England Journal of Medicine, Vol. 350, No. 13, pp.
Forearm Length. In 1903, K. Pearson and A. Lee published the paper “On the Laws of Inheritance in Man. I. Inheritance of Physical Characters” (Biometrika, Vol. 2, pp. 357–462). The article
Xenical Capsules. In Example 11.4 on page 538, we stated that, based on standards set by the United States Pharmacopeia (USP), a standard deviation of Xenical capsule weights of less than 2 mg is
Intelligence Quotients. Measured on the Stanford Revision of the Binet–Simon Intelligence Scale, intelligence quotients (IQs)are known to be normally distributed with a mean of 100 and a standard
An F-curve has df = (8, 19). What is the number of degrees of freedom for thea. denominator?b. numerator?In Exercises 11.47–11.54, use Table VIII and, if necessary, the reciprocal property of F
An F-curve has df = (24, 30). In each case, find the F-value that has the specified area to its right.a. 0.05b. 0.01c. 0.025
An F-curve has df = (12, 5). In each case, find the F-value that has the specified area to its right.a. 0.01b. 0.05c. 0.005
Consider an F-curve with df = (6, 8). Determine the F-value that has areaa. 0.01 to its left.b. 0.95 to its left.
Consider an F-curve with df = (15, 5). Determine the F-value that has areaa. 0.025 to its left.b. 0.975 to its left.
Determine the two F-values that divide the area under the curve into a middle 0.95 area and two outside 0.025 areas for an F-curve witha. df = (7, 4).b. df = (12, 20).
Determine the two F-values that divide the area under the curve into a middle 0.90 area and two outside 0.05 areas for an F-curve witha. df = (10, 8).b. df = (12, 12).
Algebra Exam Scores. One year at Arizona State University, the algebra course director decided to experiment with a new teaching method that might reduce variability in final-exam scores by
Pulmonary Hypertension. Inthe paper ‘‘Persistent Pulmonary Hypertension of the Neonate and Asymmetric Growth Restriction”(Obstetrics & Gynecology, Vol. 91, No. 3, pp. 336–341), M. Williams et
Chronic Hemodialysis and Anxiety. Patients who undergo chronic hemodialysis often experience severe anxiety. Videotapes of progressive relaxation exercises were shown to one group of patients and
Stuttering. Researchers S. Reilly et al. studied the indicators of stuttering onset and the potential effects that stuttering may have on a child in the article “Natural History of Stuttering to 4
A Better Golf Tee? An independent golf equipment testing facility compared the difference in the performance of golf balls hit off a brush tee to those hit off a 4 yards more tee. A‘Air Force One
Nitrogen and Seagrass. The seagrass Thalassia testudinum is an integral part of the Texas coastal ecosystem. Essential to the growth of T. testudinum is ammonium. Researchers K. Lee and K. Dunton of
Algebra Exam Scores. Refer to Exercise 11.63, and find a 90% confidence interval for the ratio of the population standard deviations of final-exam scores for students taught by the conventional
Pulmonary Hypertension. Refer to Exercise 11.64, and find a 95% confidence interval for the ratio of the population standard deviations of head circumferences for neonates treated for pulmonary
Chronic Hemodialysis and Anxiety. Refer to Exercise 11.65, and determine a 90% confidence interval for the ratio of the population standard deviations of scores for patients who are shown videotapes
Stuttering. Refer to Exercise 11.66 and find an 80% confidence interval for the ratio of the population standard deviations of CSBS scores for stutterers and nonstutterers in the age group under
A Better Golf Tee? Refer to Exercise 11.67, and obtain a 98% confidence interval for the ratio of the population standard deviations of ball velocity for the Brush tee and the 4 yard more tee.
Nitrogen and Seagrass. Refer to Exercise 11.68, and obtain a 98% confidence interval for the ratio of the population standard deviations of sediment ammonium concentrations for LLM seagrass beds and

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