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statistics for experimentert

Questions and Answers of Statistics For Experimentert

Measuring Treadwear. R. Stichler et al. compared two methods of measuring treadwear in their paper “Measurement of Treadwear of Commercial Tires” (Rubber Age, Vol. 73:2). Eleven tires were each
Glaucoma and Corneal Thickness. Glaucoma is a leading cause of blindness in the United States. N. Ehlers measured the corneal thickness of eight patients who had glaucoma in one eye but not in the
Cooling Down. Cooling down with a cold drink before exercise in the heat is believed to help an athlete perform. Researcher J. Dugas explored the difference between cooling down with an ice slurry
Behavioral Genetics. Refer to Exercise 10.155.a. Determine a 95% confidence interval for the difference between the mean heights of the twins.b. Repeat part (a) for a 99% confidence level.
Sleep. Refer to Exercise 10.156.a. Determine a 90% confidence interval for the additional sleep that would be obtained, on average, by using laevohysocyamine hydrobromide.b. Repeat part (a) for a 98%
Anorexia Treatment. Refer to Exercise 10.157 and find a 90% confidence interval for the weight gain that would be obtained, on average, by using the family therapy treatment.
Measuring Treadwear. Refer to Exercise 10.158 and find a 95% confidence interval for the mean difference in measurement by the weight and groove methods.
Glaucoma and Corneal Thickness. Refer to Exercise 10.159 and obtain an 80% confidence interval for the difference between the mean corneal thickness of normal eyes and that of eyes with glaucoma.
Cooling Down. Refer to Exercise 10.160 and find a 98% confidence interval for the difference between the mean times to fatigue on a treadmill in a hot and humid environment after cooling down with
Font Readability. In the online paper “A Comparison of Two Computer Fonts: Serif versus Ornate Sans Serif” (Usability News, Issue 5.3), researchers S. Morrison and J. Noyes studied whether the
Tobacco Mosaic Virus. To assess the effects of two different strains of the tobacco mosaic virus, W. Youden and H. Beale randomly selected eight tobacco leaves. Half of each leaf was subjected to one
Antiviral Therapy. In the article “Improved Outcome for Children With Disseminated Adenoviral Infection Following Allogeneic Stem Cell Transplantation” (British Journal of Haematology, Vol. 130,
Faculty Salaries. The American Association of University Professors (AAUP) conducts salary studies of college professors and publishes its findings in AAUP Annual Report on the Economic Status of the
Marriage Ages. In the Statistics Norway on-line article“The Times They Are a Changing,” J. Kristiansen discussed the changes in age at the time of marriage in Norway. The ages, in years, at the
Storm Hydrology and Clear Cutting. In the document“Peak Discharge from Unlogged and Logged Watersheds,” J. Jones and G. Grant compiled (paired) data on peak discharge from storms in two
Explain exactly how a paired t-test can be formulated as a onemean t-test. (Hint: Work solely with the paired-difference variable.)
Gasoline Additive. This exercise shows what can happen when a hypothesis-testing procedure designed for use with independent samples is applied to perform a hypothesis test on a paired sample. The
Permutation Tests. With the advent of high-speed computing, new procedures have been developed that permit statistical inferences to be performed under less restrictive conditions than those of
Suppose that you want to perform a hypothesis test based on a simple random paired sample to compare the means of two populations. For each part, decide whether you would use the paired t-test, the
Suppose that you want to perform a hypothesis test based on a simple random paired sample to compare the means of two populations. For each part, decide whether you would use the paired t-test, the
Behavioral Genetics. In the article “Growth references for height, weight and BMI of Twins aged 0–2.5 years” (ACTA Pediatrica, Vol. 97, pp. 1099–1104), the researchers, P. Dommelen et
Sleep. In 1908, W. S. Gosset published “The Probable Error of a Mean” (Biometrika, Vol. 6, pp. 1–25). In this pioneering paper, published under the pseudonym “Student,” he introduced what
Anorexia Treatment. Anorexia nervosa is a serious eating disorder, particularly among young women. The following data provide the weights, in pounds, of 17 anorexic young women before and after
Measuring Treadwear. R. Stichler et al. compared two methods of measuring treadwear in their paper “Measurement of Treadwear of Commercial Tires” (Rubber Age, 73:2). Eleven tires were each
Glaucoma and Corneal Thickness. Glaucoma is a leading cause of blindness in the United States. N. Ehlers measured the corneal thickness of eight patients who had glaucoma in one eye but not in the
Cooling Down. Cooling down with a cold drink before exercise in the heat is believed to help an athlete perform. Researcher J. Dugas explored the difference between cooling down with an ice slurry
Font Readability. In the online paper “A Comparison of Two Computer Fonts: Serif versus Ornate Sans Serif” (Usability News, Issue 5.3), researchers S. Morrison and J. Noyes studied whether the
Tobacco Mosaic Virus. To assess the effects of two different strains of the tobacco mosaic virus, W. Youden and H. Beale randomly selected eight tobacco leaves. Half of each leaf was subjected to one
Consonantal Inventory Size. In the article “Intervocalic Consonants in the Speech of Typically Developing Children: Emergence and Early Use” (Clinical Linguistics and Phonetics, Vol. 16, Issue 3,
Faculty Salaries. The American Association of University Professors (AAUP) conducts salary studies of college professors and publishes its findings in AAUP Annual Report on the Economic Status of the
on page 519, where the paired t-test was used.c. Which test do you think is preferable: the paired t-test or the paired Wilcoxon signed-rank test? Explain your answer.
Marriage Ages. In the Statistics Norway on-line article“The Times They Are a Changing,” J. Kristiansen discussed the changes in age at the time of marriage in Norway. The ages, in years, at the
Storm Hydrology and Clear Cutting. In the document“Peak Discharge from Unlogged and Logged Watersheds,” J. Jones and G. Grant compiled (paired) data on peak discharge from storms in two
Explain why the paired Wilcoxon signed-rank test is simply a Wilcoxon signed-rank test on the sample of paired differences with null hypothesis H0: μd = 0.Paired Sign Test. Recall that the paired
use and understand the formulas in this chapter.
perform inferences based on independent simple random samples to compare the means of two populations when the population standard deviations are unknown but are assumed to be equal.
perform inferences based on independent simple random samples to compare the means of two populations when the population standard deviations are unknown but are not assumed to be equal.
perform a hypothesis test based on independent simple random samples to compare the means of two populations when the distributions of the variable under consideration have the same shape.
perform inferences based on a simple random paired sample to compare the means of two populations.
perform a hypothesis test based on a simple random paired sample to compare the means of two populations when the paired-difference variable has a symmetric distribution.
decide which procedure should be used to perform an inference to compare the means of two populations.
Discuss the basic strategy for comparing the means of two populations based on independent simple random samples.
Regarding the pooled and nonpooled t-procedures,a. what is the difference in assumptions between the two procedures?b. how important is the assumption of independent simple random samples for these
Suppose that the variable under consideration is normally distributed on each of the two populations and that you are going to use independent simple random samples to compare the population means.
Suppose that a simple random paired sample is taken from two populations to compare their means. Further suppose that the distribution of the paired-difference variable has a symmetric
Grip and Leg Strength. In the paper, “Sex Differences in Static Strength and Fatigability in Three Different Muscle Groups” (Research Quarterly for Exercise and Sport, Vol. 61(3), pp. 238–242),
Grip and Leg Strength. Refer to Problem 8. Determine a 90% confidence interval for the difference between the mean right-leg strengths of males and females. Interpret your result.
Cottonmouth Litter Size. In the article “The Eastern Cottonmouth (Agkistrodon piscivorus) at the Northern Edge of Its Range”(Journal of Herpetology, Vol. 29, No. 3, pp. 391–398), C. Blem and L.
Cottonmouth Litter Size. Refer to Problem 10. Find a 98% confidence interval for the difference between the mean litter sizes of cottonmouths in Florida and Virginia. Interpret your result.* Home
The National Association of Realtors publishes information on the cost of existing single-family homes in Median Sales Price of Existing Single-Family Homes for Metropolitan Areas.Independent random
Ecosystem Response. In the on-line paper “Changes in Lake Ice: Ecosystem Response to Global Change” (Teaching Issues and Experiments in Ecology, tiee.ecoed.net, Vol. 3), R. Bohanan et
Ecosystem Response. Refer to Problem 13, and find a 90% confidence interval for the difference in the mean lengths of time that ice stays on the two lakes. Interpret your result.* Antidepressants and
In the online article “Comparing the Effects of Fluoxetine and Imipramine on Total Cholesterol, Triglyceride, and Weight in Patients with Major Depression” (Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences,
Drink and Be Merry? In the paper, “Drink and Be Merry?Gender, Life Satisfaction, and Alcohol Consumption Among College Students” (Psychology of Addictive Behaviors, Vol. 19, Issue 2, pp.
Refer to Problem 16. Use the technology of your choice to do the following.a. Obtain histograms of the two samples.b. Based on your histograms in part (a), do you think that conducting a
Weekly Earnings. The Bureau of Labor Statistics publishes data on weekly earnings of full-time wage and salary workers in Employment and Earnings. Male and female workers were paired according to
Refer to Problem 19. Use the technology of your choice to do the following.a. Apply the paired Wilcoxon signed-rank test to decide, at the 5% significance level, whether the data provide sufficient
NBA Champs. The winner of the 2012–20 13 National Basketball Association (NBA) championship was the Miami Heat. One possible starting lineup for that team is as follows.Player Position Height
NBA Champs. Repeat parts (b)–(e) of Exercise 7.11 for samples of size 1.
NBA Champs. Repeat parts (b)–(e) of Exercise 7.11 for samples of size 3.
NBA Champs. Repeat parts (b)–(e) of Exercise 7.11 for samples of size 4.
NBA Champs. Repeat parts (b)–(e) of Exercise 7.11 for samples of size 5.
NBA Champs. This exercise requires that you have done Exercises 7.11–7.15.a. Draw a graph similar to that shown in Fig. 7.3 on page 333 for sample sizes of 1, 2, 3, 4, and 5.b. What does your graph
Highest Peak. From the Website 8000ers.com, we obtained a table of the highest mountain peaks in the world as of March 2015.The six highest mountains are shown in the following table, with their
Highest Peak. Repeat parts (b)–(e) of Exercise 7.17 for samples of size 1.
Highest Peak. Repeat parts (b)–(e) of Exercise 7.17 for samples of size 3. (There are 20 possible samples.)
Highest Peak. Repeat parts (b)–(e) of Exercise 7.17 for samples of size 4. (There are 15 possible samples.)
Highest Peak. Repeat parts (b)–(e) of Exercise 7.17 for samples of size 5. (There are six possible samples.)
Highest Peak. Repeat parts (b)–(e) of Exercise 7.17 for samples of size 6. What is the relationship between the only possible sample here and the population?
Highest Peak. Explain what the dotplots in part (c) of Exercises 7.17–7.22 illustrate about the impact of increasing sample size on sampling error.Extending the Concepts and Skills
You have seen that the larger the sample size, the smaller the sampling error tends to be in estimating a population mean by a sample mean. This fact is reflected mathematically by the formula for
Refer to Exercise 7.3 on page 334.a. Use your answers from Exercise 7.3(b) to determine the mean, μx¯ , of the variable x¯ for each of the possible sample sizes.b. For each of the possible sample
Refer to Exercise 7.4 on page 334.a. Use your answers from Exercise 7.4(b) to determine the mean, μx¯ , of the variable x¯ for each of the possible sample sizes.b. For each of the possible sample
Refer to Exercise 7.5 on page 334.a. Use your answers from Exercise 7.5(b) to determine the mean, μx¯ , of the variable x¯ for each of the possible sample sizes.b. For each of the possible sample
Refer to Exercise 7.6 on page 334.a. Use your answers from Exercise 7.6(b) to determine the mean, μx¯ , of the variable x¯ for each of the possible sample sizes.b. For each of the possible sample
Refer to Exercise 7.7 on page 334.a. Use your answers from Exercise 7.7(b) to determine the mean, μx¯ , of the variable x¯ for each of the possible sample sizes.b. For each of the possible sample
Refer to Exercise 7.8 on page 334.a. Use your answers from Exercise 7.8(b) to determine the m ean, μx¯ , of the variable x¯ for each of the possible sample sizes.b. For each of the possible sample
Refer to Exercise 7.9 on page 334.a. Use your answers from Exercise 7.9(b) to determine the mean, μx¯ , of the variable x¯ for each of the possible sample sizes.b. For each of the possible sample
Refer to Exercise 7.10 on page 334.a. Use your answers from Exercise 7.10(b) to determine the mean, μx¯ , of the variable x¯ for each of the possible sample sizes.b. For each of the possible
NBA Champs. The winner of the 2012–2013 National Basketball Association (NBA) championship was the Miami Heat. One possible starting lineup for that team is as follows.Player Position Height
NBA Champs. Repeat parts (b) and (c) of Exercise 7.41 for samples of size 1. For part (b), use your answer to Exercise 7.12(b).
NBA Champs. Repeat parts (b) and (c) of Exercise 7.41 for samples of size 3. For part (b), use your answer to Exercise 7.13(b).
NBA Champs. Repeat parts (b) and (c) of Exercise 7.41 for samples of size 4. For part (b), use your answer to Exercise 7.14(b).
NBA Champs. Repeat parts (b) and (c) of Exercise 7.41 for samples of size 5. For part (b), use your answer to Exercise 7.15(b).
Young Adults at Risk. N. Kaseva et al. published a research paperentitled ‘‘Blunted hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis and insulin response to psychosocial stress in young adults born preterm at
Baby Weight. The paper ‘‘Are Babies Normal?’’ by T. Clemons and M. Pagano (The American Statistician, Vol. 53, No. 4, pp. 298–302) focused on birth weights of babies. According to the
Menopause in Mexico. In the article ‘‘Age at Menopause in Puebla, Mexico” (Human Biology, Vol. 75, No. 2, pp. 205–206), authors L. Sievert and S. Hautaniemi compared the age of menopause for
Mobile Homes. According to the U.S. Census Bureau publication Manufactured Housing Statistics, the mean price of new mobile homes is $65,100. Assume a standard deviation of $7200. Let x¯denote the
Undergraduate Binge Drinking. Alcohol consumption on college and university campuses has gained attention because undergraduate students drink significantly more than young adults who are not
Earthquakes. According to The Earth: Structure, Composition and Evolution (The Open University, S237), for earthquakes with a magnitude of 7.5 or greater on the Richter scale, the time between
Bachelor’s Completion. As reported by the U.S. Census Bureau in Educational Attainment in the United States, the percentage of adults in each state who have completed a bachelor’s degree is
Unbiased and Biased Estimators. A statistic is said to be an unbiased estimator of a parameter if the mean of all its possible values equals the parameter; otherwise, it is said to be a biased
Heights of Starting Players. In Example 7.5, we used the definition of the standard deviation of a variable (Definition 3.12 on page 164) to obtain the standard deviation of the heights of the five
Finite-Population Correction Factor. Consider simple random samples of size n without replacement from a population of size N.a. Show that if n ≤ 0.05N, then 0.97≤N − n N − 1 ≤ 1.b. Use
Class Project Simulation. This exercise can be done individually or, better yet, as a class project.a. Use a random-number table or random-number generator to obtain a sample (with replacement) of
Gestation Periods of Humans. For humans, gestation periods are normally distributed with a mean of 266 days and a standard deviation of 16 days. Suppose that you observe the gestation periods for a
Catalyst. A catalyst is a substance that starts or accelerates a chemical reaction without undergoing any permanent change itself.A chemist, while adding a particular catalyst to a reaction, observes
Unbiased and Biased Estimators. A statistic is said to be an unbiased estimator of a parameter if the mean of all its possible values equals the parameter; otherwise, it is said to be a biased
Heights of Starting Players. In Example 7.5, we used the definition of the standard deviation of a variable (Definition 3.12 on page 164) to obtain the standard deviation of the heights of the five
Finite-Population Correction Factor. Consider simple random samples of size n without replacement from a population of size N.a. Show that if n ≤ 0.05N, then 0.97≤N − n N − 1 ≤ 1.b. Use

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