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statistics for experimentert

Questions and Answers of Statistics For Experimentert

Cadmium, a heavy metal, is toxic to animals. Mushrooms, however, are able to absorb and accumulate cadmium at high concentrations. A government set a safety limit for cadmium in dry vegetables at 0.5
Grey-Seal Nursing. The average lactation (nursing) period of all earless seals is 23 days. Grey seals are one of several types of earless seals. The length of time that a female grey seal nurses her
Iron Content. The recommended dietary allowance (RDA) of iron for adult females is 18 milligrams (mg) per day. The given iron intakes (mg) were obtained for 45 random adult females. At the
Early-Onset Dementia. Dementia is the loss of the intellectual and social abilities severe enough to interfere with judgment, behavior, and daily functioning. Alzheimer’s disease is the most common
Mean Height. Suppose the mean height of women age 20 years or older in a certain country is 62.1 inches. One hundred randomly selected women in a certain city had a mean height of 63.4 inches. At the
Worker Fatigue. A study by M. Chen et al. titled “Heat Stress Evaluation and Worker Fatigue in a Steel Plant” (American Industrial Hygiene Association, Vol. 64, pp. 352–359) assessed fatigue in
A researcher examined gross job gains and losses as a percentage of the average of previous and current employment figures. A simple random sample of 20 quarters provided the net percentage gains
Hotels and Motels. The daily charges, in dollars, for a sample of 15 hotels and motels operating in South Carolina are provided on the WeissStats site. The data were found in the report South
Body Temperature. A study by researchers at the University of Maryland addressed the question of whether the mean body temperature of humans is 98.6◦F. The results of the study by P. Mackowiak et
Teacher Salaries. Data on salaries in the public school system are published annually in Ranking of the States and Estimates of School Statistics by the National Education Association. The mean
Cell Phones. The number of cell phone users has increased dramatically since 1987. According to the Semi-annual Wireless Survey, published by the Cellular Telecommunications & Internet Association,
Class Project: Quality Assurance. This exercise can be done individually or, better yet, as a class project. For the pretzel-packaging hypothesis test in Example 9.1 on page 391, the null and
For a two-tailed hypothesis test at the significance level α, the null hypothesis H0 : μ = μ0 will be rejected in favor of the alternative hypothesis H0 : μ = μ0 if and only if μ0 lies outside
Left-Tailed Hypothesis Tests and CIs. In Exercise 8.105 on page 374, we introduced one-sided one-mean z-intervals. The following relationship holds between hypothesis tests and confidence intervals
Right-Tailed Hypothesis Tests and CIs. In Exercise 8.105 on page 374, we introduced one-sided one-mean z-intervals. The following relationship holds between hypothesis tests and confidence intervals
What is the difference in assumptions between the one-mean t-test and the one-mean z-test?
TV Viewing. According to Communications Industry Forecast & Report, published by Veronis Suhler Stevenson, the average person watched 4.55 hours of television per day in 2005. A random sample of 20
Golf Robots. Serious golfers and golf equipment companies sometimes use golf equipment testing labs to obtain precise information about particular club heads, club shafts, and golf balls. One golfer
Death Rolls. Alligators perform a spinning maneuver, referred to as a “death roll,” to subdue their prey. Videos were taken of juvenile alligators performing this maneuver in a study for the
Apparel and Services. According to the documentConsumer Expenditures, a publication of the Bureau of Labor Statistics, the average consumer unit spent $1736 on apparel and services in 2012.That same
Ankle Brachial Index. The ankle brachial index (ABI) compares the blood pressure of a patient’s arm to the blood pressure of the patient’s leg. The ABI can be an indicator of different diseases,
Dirt Bikes. Dirt bikes are simpler and lighter motorcycles that are designed for off-road events. Specifications for dirt bikes can be found through Motorcycle USA on their website
Decide whether applying the t-test to perform a hypothesis test for the population mean in question appears reasonable. Explain your answers.A study found that for cardiovascular hospitalizations,
Medieval Cremation Burials. In the article “Material Culture as Memory: Combs and Cremations in Early Medieval Britain”(Early Medieval Europe, Vol. 12, Issue 2, pp. 89–128), H. Williams
Capital Spending. An issue of Brokerage Report discussed the capital spending of telecommunications companies in the United States and Canada. The capital spending, in thousands of dollars, for each
Dating Artifacts. In the paper “Reassessment of TL Age Estimates of Burnt Flint from the Paleolithic Site of Tabun Cave, Israel” (Journal of Human Evolution, Vol. 45, Issue 5, pp. 401–409), N.
Stressed-Out Bus Drivers. Previous studies have shown that urban bus drivers have an extremely stressful job, and a large proportion of drivers retire prematurely with disabilities due to
How Far People Drive. In 2011, the average car in the United States was driven 13.5 thousand miles, as reported by the Federal Highway Administration in Highway Statistics. On the WeissStats site, we
Fair Market Rent. According to the document Out of Reach, published by the National Low Income Housing Coalition, the fair market rent (FMR) for a two-bedroom unit in the United States is $949.A
Two-Tailed Hypothesis Tests and CIs. The following relationship holds between hypothesis tests and confidence intervals for one-mean t-procedures: For a two-tailed hypothesis test at the significance
Left-Tailed Hypothesis Tests and CIs. In Exercise 8.146 on page 384, we introduced one-sided one-mean t-intervals. The following relationship holds between hypothesis tests and confidence intervals
Right-Tailed Hypothesis Tests and CIs. In Exercise 8.146 on page 384, we introduced one-sided one-mean t-intervals. The following relationship holds between hypothesis tests and confidence intervals
Global Warming? During the late 1800s, Lake Wingra in Madison, Wisconsin, was frozen over an average of 124.9 days per year. A random sample of eight recent years provided the following data on
Happy-Life Years. In the article, “Apparent Quality-of-Life in Nations: How Long and Happy People Live” (Social Indicators Research, Vol. 71, pp. 61–86) R. Veenhoven discussed how the quality
How Old People Are. In 2010, the median age of U.S. residents was 37.2 years, as reported by the U.S. Census Bureau in Current Population Reports. A random sample of 10 U.S. residents taken this year
Beverage Expenditures. The Bureau of Labor Statistics publishes information on average annual expenditures by consumers in Consumer Expenditures. In 2012, the mean amount spent per consumer unit on
Pricing Mustangs. According to the Kelley Blue Book, the fair purchase price from dealers for a 2-year-old Ford Mustang coupe is about $18,000. A random sample of 10 purchase prices from private
Birth Weights. According to the article “Baby Birth Weight Statistics” by V. Iannelli, which appears on the About.com Pediatrics website, in 2005, the median birth weight of U.S. babies was 3389
Death Rolls. Alligators perform a spinning maneuver, referred to as a “death roll”, to subdue their prey. Videos were taken of juvenile alligators performing this maneuver in a study for the
Ethical Food Choice Motives. In the paper “Measurement of Ethical Food Choice Motives” (Appetite, Vol. 34, pp. 55–59), research psychologists M. Lindeman and M. Va¨an¨ anen of the ¨
Checking Advertised Contents. A manufacturer of liquid detergent produces a bottle with an advertised content of 450 millilitres (mL). Fourteen bottles are randomly selected and found to have the
Education of Jail Inmates. Thirty years ago, a country’s national justice statistics reported that the median educational attainment of its jail inmates was 10.2 years. Ten current inmates are
Head Injury Criterion. The Head Injury Criterion (HIC) is a measure of the likelihood of an injury arising from an accident such as a vehicle crash. At an HIC of 1000, one in six people will suffer a
Asian Elephants. In the paper “A Survey of African and Asian Elephant Diets and Measured Body Dimensions Compared to Their Estimated Nutrient Requirements” (Proceedings of the American Zoo and
Delaying Adulthood. The convict surgeonfish is a common tropical reef fish that has been found to delay metamorphosis into adult by extending its larval phase. This delay often leads to enhanced
Easy Hole at the British Open? The Old Course at St. Andrews in Scotland is home of the British Open, one of the major tournaments in professional golf. The Hole O’Cross Out, known by both European
Stressed-Out Bus Drivers. In the paper “Hassles on the Job: A Study of a Job Intervention With Urban Bus Drivers” (Journal of Organizational Behavior, Vol. 20, pp. 199–208), G. Evans et
How Far People Drive. In 2011, the average car in the United States was driven 13.5 thousand miles, as reported by the Federal Highway Administration in Highway Statistics. On the WeissStats site, we
Fair Market Rent. According to the document Out of Reach, published by the National Low Income Housing Coalition, the fair market rent (FMR) for a two-bedroom unit in the United States is $949. A
Large-Sample Wilcoxon Signed-Rank Test. Formulate a hypothesis-testing procedure for a Wilcoxon signed-rank test that uses the test statistic z given in the preceding box. Note: Using a continuity
Birth Weights. Refer to Exercise 9.154.a. Use the procedure you formulated in Exercise 9.166 to perform the hypothesis test in Exercise 9.154.b. Compare your result in part (a) to the one you
The Distribution of W. In this exercise, you are to obtain the distribution of the variable W for samples of size 3 so that you can see how the Wilcoxon signed-rank table is constructed.a. The rows
Explain the meaning of each of the following in the context of hypothesis testing.a. αb. βc. 1 − β
Toxic Mushrooms? The null and alternative hypotheses obtained in Exercise 9.15 on page 397 are, respectively, H0: μ = 0.5 ppm Ha: μ > 0.5 ppm, where μ is the mean cadmium level in Boletus pinicola
Body Weight. The null and alternative hypotheses obtained in Exercise 9.16 on page 397 are, respectively, H0: μ = 202.56 grams Ha: μ = 202.56 grams, where μ is the mean body weight of stable
Iron Content of the Body. The null and alternative hypotheses obtained in Exercise 9.17 are, respectively, H0: μ = 8 mg Ha: μ < 8 mg, where μ is the mean iron intake (per day) of all adult males
Early-Onset Dementia. The null and alternative hypotheses obtained in Exercise 89.1 on page 397 are, respectively, H0: μ = 55 years old Ha: μ < 55 years old, where μ is the mean age at diagnosis
The null and alternative hypotheses for a test are H0: μ = 16.5 and Ha: μ = 16.5, respectively, where μ is the mean length of imprisonment for motor-vehicle-theft offenders in a city. Given below
Worker Fatigue. The null and alternative hypotheses obtained in Exercise 9.20 on page 375 are, respectively, H0: μ = 72 bpm Ha: μ > 72 bpm, where μ is the mean post-work heart rate of all casting
Toxic Mushrooms? Repeat parts (a)–(c) of Exercise 9.191 for a sample size of 20. Compare your power curves for the two sample sizes, and explain the principle being illustrated.
Body Weight. Repeat parts (a)–(c) of Exercise 9.192 for a sample size of 30. Compare your power curves for the two sample sizes, and explain the principle being illustrated.
Fraud/Deception. Repeat parts (a)–(c) of Exercise 9.195 for a sample size of 40. Compare your power curves for the two sample sizes, and explain the principle being illustrated.
Early-Onset Dementia. Repeat parts (a)–(c) of Exercise 9.194 for a sample size of 15. Compare your power curves for the two sample sizes, and explain the principle being illustrated.Extending the
Class Project: Questioning Gas Mileage. This exercise can be done individually or, better yet, as a class project. Refer to the gas mileage hypothesis test of Example 9.23 on page 444. Recall that
For a fixed sample size, what happens to the probability of a Type II error if the significance level is decreased from 0.05 to 0.01?Problems 7–12 pertain to the critical-value approach to
True or false: A critical value is considered part of the rejection region.
Suppose that you want to conduct a left-tailed hypothesis test at the 5% significance level. How must the critical value be chosen?
The following graph portrays the decision criterion for a onemean z-test, using the critical-value approach to hypothesis testing.The curve in the graph is the normal curve for the test statistic
State the general steps of the critical-value approach to hypothesis testing.Problems 13–20 pertain to the P-value approach to hypothesis testing.
Define the P-value of a hypothesis test.
True or false: A P-value of 0.02 provides more evidence against the null hypothesis than a P-value of 0.03. Explain your answer.
State the decision criterion for a hypothesis test, using the P-value.
Explain why the P-value of a hypothesis test is also referred to as the observed significance level.
How is the P-value of a hypothesis test actually determined?
In each part, we have identified a hypothesis-testing procedure for one population mean. State the assumptions required and the test statistic used in each case.a. one-mean t-testb. one-mean
Regarding the power of a hypothesis test:a. What does it represent?b. What happenstothe power of a hypothesistestifthe significancelevel is kept at 0.01 while the sample size is increased from 50 to
Beer Consumption. The U.S. Department of Agriculture reports in Food Consumption, Prices, and Expenditures that the average American consumed 22 gallons of beer in 2010. Suppose that you want to
Beer Consumption. The null and alternative hypotheses for the hypothesis test in Problem 26 are, respectively, H0: μ = 22 gallon (mean has not increased)Ha: μ > 22 gallon (mean has increased),
Beer Consumption. Refer to Problem 26. The following table provides last year’s beer consumption, in gallon, for 25 randomly selected Americans.25 16 37 28 12 29 35 40 19 14 23 27 33 36 29 34 17 41
Purse Snatching. The Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI)compiles information on robbery and property crimes by type and selected characteristic and publishes its findings in Uniform Crime Reports.
Refer to Problem 29.a. Perform the required hypothesis test, using the Wilcoxon signedrank test.b. In performing the hypothesis test in part (a), what assumption did you make about the distribution
Refer to Problems 29 and 30. If in fact last year’s values lost to purse snatching are normally distributed, which is the preferred procedure for performing the hypothesis test—the t-test or the
Betting the Spreads. College basketball, and particularly the NCAA basketball tournament, is a popular venue for gambling, from novices in office betting pools to high rollers. To encourage uniform
Refer to Problem 26. Suppose that you decide to use a z-test with a significance level of 0.10 and a sample size of 25. Assume that σ = 9 gallons.a. Determine the probability of a Type I error.b. If
The normal probability plot and histogram of the data are depicted in Fig. 9.49 on the next page; σ is known.
The normal probability plot and stem-and-leaf diagram of the data are depicted in Fig. 9.50 on the next page; σ is unknown.
Refer to Problems 34 and 35.a. In each case, consult the appropriate graphs to decide whether using the Wilcoxon signed-rank test is reasonable for performing a hypothesis test for the mean of the
According to the document Market Survey of Long-Term Care Costs, published by the MetLife Mature Market Institute, the average cost of a private room in a nursing home was$239 per day in 2011. A
Beef Consumption. According to Food Consumption, Prices, and Expenditures, published by the U.S. Department of Agriculture, the mean consumption of beef per person in 2011 was 57.5 lb. A sample of 40
Use the technology of your choice to do the following.a. Repeat parts (b) and (c) of Problem 38 by using the Wilcoxon signed-rank test.b. Compare your results from part (a) with those in Problem
Beer Drinking. According to the Beer Institute Annual Report, the mean annual consumption of beer per person in the United States is 28.2 gallons (roughly 300 twelve-ounce bottles). A random sample
Give two examples of Bernoulli trials other than those presented in the text.
Evaluate the following binomial coefficients.a. 5 2b. 7 4c. 10 3d. 12 5
Evaluate the following binomial coefficients.a. 3 2b. 6 0c. 6 6d. 7 3
Evaluate the following binomial coefficients.a. 4 1b. 6 2c. 8 3d. 9 6
Determine the value of each binomial coefficient.a. 5 3b. 10 0c. 10 10d. 9 5
For each of the following probability histograms of binomial distributions, specify whether the success probability is less than, equal to, or greater than 0.5. Explain your answers.x(a)012345 0.00
For each of the following probability histograms of binomial distributions, specify whether the success probability is less than, equal to, or greater than 0.5. Explain your answers.P(X = x)x(a)0.00
Pinworm Infestation. Pinworm infestation, which is commonly found in children, can be treated with the drug pyrantel pamoate. According to the Merck Manual, the treatment is effective in 90% of
Psychiatric Disorders. The National Institute of Mental Health reports that there is a 20% chance of an adult American suffering from a psychiatric disorder. Four randomly selected adult Americans

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