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business
business communication

Questions and Answers of Business Communication

Selection for jury duty is supposed to be a totally random process. Comment on the following computer selection procedures, and determine if they are indeed random:a. A program instructs the computer
To ensure a good session, a company selects focus group members from a list of articulate participants instead of conducting random sampling. The client did not inquire about sample selection when it
Phone directories are sometimes used for sampling frames. Go to www.reversephonedirectory.com and put in a phone number of someone you know in the reverse phone search (the number must be a listed
1. Imagine that an agency or business has asked for help in gathering data about the number of sports anglers who fish off the coast of Georgia. What advice would you give about sampling? What method
1. Evaluate the geographic options offered by STS. Do they seem to cover all the bases?2. Evaluate the STS method of random-digit dialing.Scientific Telephone Samples (STS), located in Santa Ana,
What is the difference between descriptive and inferential statistics?
Prepare a frequency distribution for the data in question 2.
Why is the standard deviation rather than the average deviation typically used?
Calculate the standard deviation for the data in question 2.
Draw three distributions that have the same mean value but different standard deviation values. Draw three distributions that have the same standard deviation value but different mean values.
A manufacturer of MP3 players surveyed one hundred retail stores in each of the firm’s sales regions. An analyst noticed that in the South Atlantic region the average retail price was $165 (mean)
What is the sampling distribution? How does it differ from the sample distribution?
What would happen to the sampling distribution of the mean if we increased sample size from 5 to 25?
Suppose a fast-food restaurant wishes to estimate average sales volume for a new menu item. The restaurant has analyzed the sales of the item at a similar outlet and observed the following
In our example of research on lipstick, where E = $2 and S = $29, what sample size would we require if we desired a 99 percent confidence level? What about if we keep the 95% confidence level, but
Suppose you are planning to sample cat owners to determine the average number of cans of cat food they purchase monthly. The following standards have been set: a confidence level of 99 percent and an
In a survey of 500 people, 60 percent responded with agreement to an attitude question. Calculate a confidence interval at 95 percent to get an interval estimate for a proportion.
What is a standardized normal curve?
A researcher expects the population proportion of Cubs fans in Chicago to be 80 percent. The researcher wishes to have an error of less than 5 percent and to be 95 percent confident of an estimate to
Using the formula in this chapter, a researcher determines that at the 95 percent confidence level, a sample of 2,500 is required to satisfy a client’s requirements. The researcher actually uses a
’NET Go to www.researchinfo.com. Click on “Marketing Research Calculators.” Which of the calculators can be used to help find the sample size required? How big of a sample is needed to make an
’NET A random number generator and other statistical information can be found at www.random.org. Flip some virtual coins. Perform 20 flips with an Aurelian coin. Perform 20 flips with a Constatius
’NET Go to www.surveypro.com. Click on pricing. Write a brief report that describes how prices are charged to someone wishing to use this service to host a survey. What happens as the desired
1. Discuss why the sampling method and sample size make these results questionable, even though the numbers were reported as if they were precise.2. The simple survey method described in the case may
What qualities should fieldworkers possess?
An interviewer has a rather long telephone interview. The estimate suggests that fully completing the survey will take 30 minutes. However, what do you think the response rate will be if people are
What should the interviewer do if a question is misunderstood? If a respondent answers a question before encountering it in the questionnaire?
When should interviewers probe? Give some examples of how probing should be done.
How should respondents’ answers to open-ended questions be recorded?
How should the fieldworker terminate the interview?
Why is it important to ensure that fieldworkers adhere to the sampling procedure specified for a project?
What forms does interviewer cheating take? How can such cheating be prevented or detected?
Comment on the following field situations.a. After conducting a survey with 10 people, an interviewer noticed that many of the respondents were saying “Was I right?” after a particular
1. Is Margaret going to be a good professional interviewer?2. What should Mary Zagorski tell Margaret?Margaret Murphy O’Hara was fatigued. As she wiped the perspiration from her brow, she felt that
What is the purpose of editing? Provide some examples of questions that might need editing.
When should the raw data from a respondent be altered by a data editor?
How is data coding different from data editing?
A 25-year-old respondent indicates that she owns her own house in Springfield, Illinois, and it is valued at $990 million. Later in the interview, she indicates that she didn’t finish high school
What role might a word counter play in coding qualitative research results?
A survey respondent from Florida has been asked to respond as to whether or not he or she owns a boat, and if so, whether he or she stores the boat at a marina. Over two hundred respondents are
How would a dummy variable be used to represent whether or not a respondent in a restaurant ordered dessert after their meal?
List at least three ways in which recent technological advances (within the last 15 years) have changed the way data are coded.
A large retail company implements an employee survey that ostensibly is aimed at customer satisfaction. The survey includes a yes or no question that asks whether or not the employee has ever stolen
A researcher asks, “What do you remember about advertising for Gillette Turbo razors?” A box with enough room for 100 words is provided in which the respondent can answer the question. The survey
Design a short questionnaire with fewer than five fixed-alternative questions to measure student satisfaction with your college bookstore. Interview five classmates and then arrange the database into
’NET The Web page of the Research Triangle Institute ( www.rti.org) describes its research tools and methods in some detail. Click on tools and methods and explore the surveys and survey tools
Design the coding for this portion of the questionnaire. Assume that the data from previous pages of the questionnaire will follow these data.Some years ago the U.S. Department of the Interior
What is a histogram? What is the advantage of overlaying a normal distribution over a histogram?
A survey asks respondents to respond to the statement €œMy work is interesting.€ Interpret the frequency distribution shown here (taken from an SPSS output):My work isinteresting:
Use the data in the following table toa. Prepare a frequency distribution of the respondents€™ agesb. Cross-tabulate the respondents€™ genders with cola preferencec. Identify
Data on the average size of a soda (in ounces) at all 30 major league baseball parks are as follows: 14, 18, 20, 16, 16, 12, 14, 16, 14, 16, 16, 16, 14, 32, 16, 20, 12, 16, 20, 12, 16, 16, 24, 16,
The following computer output shows a cross-tabulation of frequencies and provides frequency number N) and row R) percentages.a. Interpret this output including a conclusion about whether or not the
List and describe at least three basic data transformations.
What conditions suggest that a ratio variable should be transformed (recoded) into a dichotomous (two group) variable?
A data processing analyst for a research supplier finds that preliminary computer runs of survey results show that consumers love a client’s new product. The employee buys a large block of the
’NET Go the Web site for the Chicago Cubs baseball team (chicago.cubs.mlb.com). Use either the schedule listing or the stats information to find their record in the most recent season. Create a
’NET Go to www.spss.com and click on Industries and Market Research. What services does the company provide?
Comment on the professionalism of the procedures used to make the advertising claim. Why do you believe the researchers performed the data transformations described?A few years ago Vidal Sassoon,
Interpret the data in these tables. What recommendations and conclusions would you offer to Downy-Q management?The research for Downy-Q is an example of a commercial test that was conducted when an
What is a significance level? How does a researcher choose a significance level?
What is the difference between a significance level and a p-value?
How is a p-value used to test a hypothesis?
Distinguish between a Type I and Type II error.
What are the factors that determine the choice of the appropriate statistical technique?
A researcher is asked to determine whether or not a productivity objective (in dollars) of better than $75,000 per employee is possible. A productivity test is done involving 20 employees. What
Assume you have the following data: H1: µ ≠ 200, S = 30, n = 64 and x¯ = 218. Conduct a two-tailed hypothesis test at the 0.05 significance level.
Refer to the pizza store location x2 data on pages 522–524. What statistical decisions could be made if the 0.01 significance level were selected rather than the 0.05 level?
Determine a hypothesis that the following data may address and perform a x2 test on the survey data.a. American Idol should be broadcast before 9 p.m.Agree 40Neutral 35Disagree 25 100b.
A researcher hypothesizes that 15 percent of the people in a test-market will recall seeing a particular advertisement. In a sample of 1,200 people, 20 percent say they recall the ad. Perform a
Examine the statistical choices under €œanalyze€ in SPSS. Click on compare means. To compare an observed mean to some benchmark or hypothesized population mean, the available
1. Formulate a statistical hypothesis appropriate for the consumer groupâ€™s purpose.2. Calculate the mean average miles per gallon. Compute the sample variance and sample standard deviation.3.
What tests of difference are appropriate in the following situations?a. Average campaign contributions (in $) of Democrats andRepublicans are to be compared.b. Average campaign contributions (in $)
Perform a x2 test on the following data:a. Regulation is the best way to ensure safe products.b. Ownership ofresidence
Interpret the following computer cross-tab output including a x2 test. Variable COMMUTE is €œHow did you get to work last week?€ Variable GENDER is €œAre you male or
A store manager’s computer-generated list of all retail sales employees indicates that 70 percent are full-time employees, 20 percent are part-time employees, and 10 percent are furloughed or
How does an independent sample t-test differ from the following?a. one-way ANOVA b. paired-samples t-testc. a x2 test d. a Z-test for differences
Are t-tests or Z-tests used more often in business research? Why?
A sales force received some management-by-objectives training. Are the before/after mean scores for salespeople€™s job performance statistically significant at the 0.05 level? The results
Conduct a Z-test to determine whether the following two samples indicate that the population proportions are significantly different at the 0.05level:
In an experiment with wholesalers, a researcher manipulated perception of task difficulty and measured level of aspiration for performing the task a second time. Group 1 was told the task was very
1. Interpret the computer output. What do the results presented above indicate?2. Is the analytical approach used here appropriate?3. Describe an alternative approach to the analysis of the original
How does a researcher determine if a correlation coefficient is significant?
The management of a regional bus line thought the company€™s cost of gas might be correlated with its passenger/mile ratio. The data and a correlation matrix follow.Comment.
What are some different terms used to refer to the slope coefficient estimated in regression analysis?
The following ANOVA summary table is the result of a regression of sales on year of sales. Is the relationship statistically significant at the 0.95 significance level? Fill in the value for Sums of
Address the following questions about regression analysis:a. Define simple linear regression.b. When is it most appropriate to rely on raw parameter coefficients and when is it most appropriate to
The following table gives a football team€™s season-ticket sales, percentage of games won, and number of active alumni for the years 1996€“2005.a. Compute a correlation matrix for
Are the different forms of consumer installment credit in the following table highlycorrelated?
A manufacturer of disposable washcloths/wipes told a retailer that sales for this product category closely correlated with sales of disposable diapers. The retailer thought he would check this out
Explain how OLS determines where a regression line should be placed among a plot of observations.
1. Test the hypothesis: Attitude toward one’s car is related positively to spending for car-care products.2. Would you recommend CarCare do more research to identify nations with relatively
Define multivariate statistical analysis.
What is the variate in multivariate? What is an example of a variate in multiple regression and in factor analysis?
What is the distinction between dependence techniques and interdependence techniques?
What is GLM? How can multiple regression and n-way ANOVA be described as GLM approaches?
What are the steps in interpreting a multiple regression analysis result? Can the same steps be used to interpret a univariate ANOVA model?
A researcher dismisses a regression result because the model R2 was under 0.70. Do you think this was necessarily wise? Explain.
Return to the simple example of regression results for the toy company presented in the chapter. Since the data come equally from Europe and Canada, does this represent a potential source of
What is a factor loading?
How does factor analysis allow for data reduction?

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