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business
organizational behavior

Questions and Answers of Organizational Behavior

During data collection for the transition from an old management accounting system to a new activity-based cost management system, you see a manager’s reported time allotments. You know that the
You are a management accountant working in the controller’s office. Rick Koch, a very powerful executive, approaches you in the parking lot and asks you to do him a favor. The favor involves
Approaches to control Cite two settings or jobs where each of the following approaches to control would be appropriately applied. Identify what you feel is the definitive characteristic of the
Under what circumstances should both quantitative and qualitative performance measures be used to evaluate employee, work group, and divisional performance? Provide examples to support your answer.
Evaluating system performance Suppose that you are the manager of a production facility in a business that makes plastic items that organizations use for advertising. The customer chooses the color
Characteristics of MACS design: participation and education Explain how participating in decision making and being educated to understand information received in an organization contribute toward
Methods of setting budgets Megan Espanoza, manager of the Wells Division of Mars, Inc., a large credit card company, recently received a memorandum describing the company’s new budgeting process
Budgets are usually set through one of three methods: participation, authority, or consultation.RequiredWrite an essay stating the circumstances under which each method is most appropriate. If you
Manoil Electronics manufactures and sells electronic components to electronics stores. The controller is preparing her annual budget and has asked the sales group to prepare sales estimates. All
Budget slack Mike Shields was having dinner with one of his friends at a restaurant in Memphis. His friend, Woody Brooks, a local manager of an express mail service, told Mike that he consistently
What are some pros and cons of tying an individual’s pay to performance?
Answer the following two questions about the organization units listed below:• What behavior should be rewarded?• What is an appropriate incentive compensation system?a. A symphony orchestrab. A
Suppose that you are the owner/manager of a house-cleaning business. You have 30 employees who work in teams of three. Teams are dispatched to the homes of customers where they are directed by the
Motivating desired performance DMT Biotech is a biotechnology research and development company that designs products for the needs of life science researchers. The company consists of an
Hoechst Celanese, a pharmaceutical manufacturer, has used a profit-sharing plan, the Hoechst Celanese Performance Sharing Plan, to motivate employees. To operationalize the plan, the Hoechst Celanese
Peterborough Medical Devices makes devices and equipment that it sells to hospitals. The organization has a profit-sharing plan that is worded as follows:The company will make available a
Gain sharing Sakura Snack Company manufactures a line of snack foods, such as cheese crackers, granola bars, and cookies. The production workers are part of a gain-sharing program that works as
Knox Company manufactures consumer products such as cleansers, air fresheners, and detergents. During a recent quarter, the value of the products made was $50 million, and the labor costs were $3
Choosing what to reward During the late 1970s, Harley-Davidson, the motorcycle manufacturer, was losing money and was very close to bankruptcy. Management believed that one of the problems was low
Denver Jack’s is a large toy manufacturer. The company has 100 highly trained and skilled employees who are involved with six major product lines, including the production of toy soldiers, dolls,
Evaluating a compensation plan Beau Monde, Inc., a manufacturer and distributor of health and beauty products, made the following disclosure about its compensation program: Our compensation
The mix of salary and commission Belleville Fashions sells high-quality women’s, men’s, and children’s clothing. The store employs a sales staff of 11 full-time employees and 12 part-time
Salary and job responsibilities Marie Johnston, the manager of a government unemployment insurance office is paid a salary that reflects the number of people she supervises and the number of hours
Distributing a bonus pool Four broad approaches to distributing the proceeds of a bonus pool in a profit-sharing plan are listed here:1. Each person’s share is based on salary.2. Each person
Chow Company is an insurance company in Hong Kong. Chow hires 55 people to process insurance claims. The volume of claims is extremely high, and all claims examiners are kept extremely busy. The
Ethical control frameworks In December 2002, Time magazine named Cynthia Cooper, Coleen Rowley, and Sherron Watkins as its Persons of the Year. Cynthia Cooper was vice president of internal audit for
Compensation tied to Balanced Scorecard, degree of difficulty of target achievement Discuss Case 2-48.
1. What two broad technical considerations must designers of management and control systems address? 2. What is meant by gaming a performance indicator?
1. What is the most motivating type of budget with respect to targets? 2. What is a stretch target?
1. What is incentive compensation? 2. What is an intrinsic reward?
1. What distinguishes data falsification from gaming activities?2. What is gain sharing?
1. What is goal congruence? 2. What is data falsification?
1. What is an extrinsic reward? 2. What is a cash bonus?
This chapter suggested that effectiveness can be viewed from the individual, group, and organizational perspectives. Is it possible for an individual manager to be effective even if her group isn’t
What contribution does the concept multiple constituency make to our understanding of organizational effectiveness? In particular, does the concept make it easier or harder for a manager to know when
What has occurred historically to warrant referring to the management of organizational behavior as a blending of art and science?
Should a manager of a small firm (say, 25 employees) be concerned about establishing an organization structure? Explain.
Describe how a manager who worked for 15 years in Los Angeles would apply a contingency management approach when he’s transferred to a similar managerial position in the firm’s Barcelona, Spain,
The study and application of OB has been described as multidisciplinary in nature. Why is it multidisciplinary? Explain.
If you were a training director responsible for instructing managers in the techniques of management, how would you evaluate your training program’s effectiveness? Is the goal model of
One writer on management theory states that management is aptly defined as “getting work done through other people.” Compare this concept of management with the one proposed in this chapter.
How can McDonald’s use its powerful brand name to help improve its effectiveness?The McDonald brothers’ first restaurant was founded in 1937 just east of Pasadena, California. It didn’t serve
Are quality and taste important to you when selecting a restaurant? Explain.The McDonald brothers’ first restaurant was founded in 1937 just east of Pasadena, California. It didn’t serve
What environmental forces are the most different as we move through the decade of 2010 to 2020 when compared with the 1950s and 1960s?The McDonald brothers’ first restaurant was founded in 1937
Organizational culture is a difficult concept to define. How would you define the culture of an organization you have been employed by or observed?
A growing number of Americans work for internationally-owned firms that operate in the United States. Do you think that these American employees are being influenced by the international owner’s
Identify the three main socialization stages. Which of these stages is most important for developing high-performing employees? Explain.
If the process of organizational socialization is inevitable, why is it important that it be managed?
How can a leader or founder help create a strong culture in an organization? Can any founder create a culture? Explain.
Why is it so important that organizations keep trying to encourage productive mentoring relationships between senior- and junior-level employees? What are some of the challenges associated with
What should managers of diverse workforces know about differences in values among individuals?
What do advocates claim about the influence of spirituality on the performance of employees?
Why is it so difficult to change an organizational culture that is considered strong or influential in affecting the behavior of employees?
In what ways does organizational culture influence a company’s effectiveness and performance?
Why did Toyota wait so long to publically acknowledge and replace the faulty accelerator pedals?Toyota is an extremely successful automaker that has built a reputation for quality by fostering a
Changing a culture from one that rewards secrecy to one that is more transparent (especially in a crisis) appears to be difficult. Why?Toyota is an extremely successful automaker that has built a
What are three long-term effects of globalization on businesses, workers, and consumers? Who benefits most/least from globalization?
Assume that you want to develop your global skills so that you can pursue international assignments with your company. Identify five skills that you would want to develop, and describe how you would
Based on Hofstede’s findings, which countries do you believe are most different from the United States? Defend your answer.
What is meant by the term a culture-bound theory of motivation?
What can a newly assigned expatriate manager do to avoid or diminish the intensity and negative effects of culture shock? Explain.
If you found yourself in Robert Adams’s situation (see opening vignette), would you take the three-year expatriate assignment? The virtual expatriate assignment? Or, would you decline both
Describe the attitudes a manager would need to be successful and effective in managing in India, China, and Saudi Arabia.
Can domestic cultural diversity in the United States help American firms better understand and deal with global cultural diversity? Explain.
How does a national culture differ from what is referred to as an organization’s culture? Which “culture” exerts more influence over the behavior of a global company’s employees?
Why is religion often incorrectly ignored in discussions and analyses of business, negotiations, and culture?
1. Which principles of globalization did NR and his colleagues follow when they were growing Infosys into a global powerhouse?2. According to Hofstede’s research, India has a high score on the
Joan is an accountant who opposes the introduction of a new financial control system. For 15 years she has worked with the old manual system. Now the firm is introducing a new computer-based system.
Assume that you are about to ask your supervisor for a raise. Which communication medium or channel would you use? What steps would you take to decrease the amount of noise that can decrease the
With the increase of diversity in the workplace, discuss the additional issues needing to be addressed that may be present in today’s organizations in relation to (a) The communication process and
Assume you are about to meet and negotiate with an individual from a low-context culture. Do you think the person will know a great deal about you before you meet with him or her? Explain.
Think back to a time when you knew a manager, coach, or teacher/professor who was an exceptionally good communicator. Why was this person so effective at communication? Describe.
Many individuals carry a variety of personal communication devices with them wherever they go (e.g., a smart phone). Assuming these individuals leave their devices turned on 24/7, do you see any
Describe a situation in which you’ve been the receiver in a one-way communication process. Give some reasons certain individuals might not like it. Why might some people prefer it?
In your opinion, which barrier to communication is the most frustrating? What can you do to deal with it in an effective manner?
Some people believe that perception is a more important explanation of behavior than is reality. Why is this assumption about perception made?
The chapter focuses on the perspective of the employee in discussing the psychological contract. From the employer’s perspective, what is generally expected from employees in terms of the contract?
Why is emotional intelligence a difficult construct to measure accurately?
What is the relationship between employee satisfaction and customer satisfaction?
In the selection of job candidates, what should a manager know about the self-efficacy concept?
Why is it accurate to conclude that the study and application of OB are multidisciplinary?
Is the “Big Five” model of personality worthwhile in terms of helping explain individual differences?
What’s the meaning of the notion that, even when differences between the sexes exist, there’s overlap between them? Explain this in terms of absenteeism rates and turnover rates.
1. What environmental factors could Bill Strickland have changed in his life?2. What moral authority does Bill Strickland speak from to struggling college students?3. What impact did Strickland’s
As a future manager, which of the theories presented in this chapter will be of most use to you in motivating your employees? Explain.
Describe the major differences between Maslow’s need hierarchy and Alderfer’s ERG explanation of motivation.
What factors serve to make Maslow’s hierarchy of needs theory so intuitively attractive to practicing managers despite its obvious flaws?
Why would it be interesting to examine and compare the needs, discussed by McClelland, in young, middle-aged, and older people in the United States, Japan, Germany, Poland, Egypt, Argentina, and
How would Herzberg’s motivation theory help to explain why most people feel a good salary is not enough to motivate someone over the long-term in a job?
Based on equity theory, why is it important that decisions about pay or compensations programs have be perceived as fair?
In your opinion, should managers attempt to motivate employees with different ethnic backgrounds all in the same manner? Why or why not?
Why is it important to understand that a manager must infer the motivation level of subordinates?
Why is expectancy theory described as the most complex and difficult to measure theory of work motivation?
How can you apply the motivation theories in this chapter to explain the behavior of the entrepreneurs introduced in this case?For most people, going to work means working for someone else; a select
When do you think these entrepreneurs will retire? Use the theories in the chapter to justify your response.For most people, going to work means working for someone else; a select few choose to
Feedback helps employees form perceptions of their self-efficacy on the job. Based on what you learned in this chapter, why is important that employees develop a sense of self-efficacy? Explain.
Discuss why organizational design and communication flow are so closely related.
1. What barriers to effective communication do you detect in this case?2. Is anyone “wrong” in this situation? By what other means could Randell have requested the information from Tom Ballard?
When looking at the decision-making process (Figure), do you feel any one step is more important than the others? If so, why?
Think of a time when you held fast to a decision even after learning that it was probably a wrong or faulty decision. How long did you persist with your original (faulty) decision? Looking back now,

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