An old-fashioned glass apothecary jar contains a patent medicine. The neck is closed with a rubber stopper that is 20 mm tall, with a diameter of 10 mm at the bottom end, widening to 20 mm at the top...

A jacketed vessel is used to cool a process stream as shown in figure. The following information is available: (i) The volume of liquid in the tank V and the volume of coolant in the jacket Vi remain...

Consider the composite wall of Problem 3.13 under conditions for which the inside air is still characterized by T .i = 20C and h i = 30 W/m 2 K. However, use the more realistic conditions for which...

A chemically reacting mixture is stored in a thin-walled spherical container of radius r l = 200 mm, and the exothermic reaction generates heat at a uniform, but temperature-dependent volumetric rate...

It is known that the kinetics of recrystallization for some alloy obey the Avrami equation and that the value of n in the exponential is 2.5. If, at some temperature, the fraction recrystallized is...

Steady potential flow around a stationary sphere. 2 In Example 4.2-1 we worked through the creeping flow around a sphere. We now wish to consider the flow of an incompressible, inviscid fluid in...

Values of the specific internal energy of bromine at three conditions are listed here. (a) What reference (b) Calculate U (kJ/mol) for a process in which bromine vapor at 300 K is condensed at...

An SO2-air mixture is being scrubbed with water in a countercurrent-flow packed tower operating at 20C and 1 atm. Solute-free water enters the top of the tower at a constant rate of 1,000 lb/h and is...

A gas turbine power plant receives a shipment of hydrocarbon fuel whose composition is uncertain but may be represented by the expression CxHy. The fuel is burned with excess air. An analysis of the...

A feed of 13,500 kgh consists of 8 wt% acetic acid (B) in water (A). The removal of the acetic acid is to be accomplished by liquid-liquid extraction at 25oC. The raffinate is to contain only 1 wt%...

Calculate the theoretical flame temperature when ethylene at 25(C is burned with: (a) The theoretical amount of air at 25(C. (b) 25% excess air at 25(C. (c) 50% excess air at 25(C. (d) 100% excess...

Beam AB lies on the ground and supports the parabolic load shown. Assuming the upward reaction of the ground to be uniformly distributed, (a) Derive the equations of the shear and bending-moment...

A two-dimensional rectangular plate is subjected to prescribed boundary conditions. Using the results of the exact solution for the heat equation presented in Section 4.2, calculate the temperature...

If each cable can withstand a maximum tension of 1000 N, determine the largest mass of the cylinder forequilibrium. 3m 1m

The space truss is used to support vertical forces at joints B, C, and D. Determine the force in each member and state if the members are in tension or compression. Units Used: kN = 103 N Given: F1 =...

The roof of a refrigerated truck compartment is of composite construction, consisting of a layer of foamed urethane insulation (t2 = 50 mm, ki = 0.026 W/m K sandwiched between aluminum alloy panels...

The members of a truss are pin connected at joint O. Determine the magnitudes of F 1 and F 2 for equilibrium. Set u = 60?. 5 kN 70 30 7 kN

Consider the peaks for pentafluorobenzene and benzene in the chromatogram below. The elution time for unretained solute is 1.06 min. The open tubular column is 30.0 m in length and 0.530 mm in...

A 36-N force is applied to a wrench to tighten a showerhead knowing that the centerline of the wrench is parallel to the x axis. Determine the moment of the force about A. an

Give the approximate temperature at which creep deformation becomes an important consideration for each of the following metals: nickel, copper, iron, tungsten, lead, and aluminum.

A 120-kg block is supported by a rope which is wrapped 1 1/2 times around a horizontal rod. Knowing that the coefficient of static friction between the rope and the rod is 0.15, determine the range...

Two mercury manometers, one open-end and the other sealed-end, are attached to an air duct. The reading on the open-end manometer is 25 mm and that on the sealed-end manometer is 800mm. Determine the...

The following diagram shows a staged absorption column in which n-hexane (H) is absorbed from a gas into a heavy oil. A gas feed stream containing 5.0 mole% hexane vapor and the balance nitrogen...

The cold-drawn AISI 1018 steel bar shown in the figure is subjected to an axial load fluctuating between 800 and 3000 lbf. Estimate the factors of safety ny and nf using (a) a Gerber fatigue failure...

Consider two long slender rods of the same diameter but different materials. One end of each rod is attached to a base surface maintained at 100C, while the surfaces of the rods are exposed to...

Ammonia is oxidized in a well-insulated continuous reactor: 4 NH 3 (g) + 5 O 2 (g) ? 4 NO (g) + 6 H 2 O (v): ?H? ? = ? 904.7 kJ/mol The feed stream enters at 200?C and the products leave at...

Three forces act on the hook. If the resultant force FR has a magnitude and direction as shown, determine the magnitude and the coordinate direction angles of force F3. Given: FR = 120 N F1 = 80 N F2...

The mechanism is used to hide kitchen appliances under a cabinet by allowing the shelf to rotate downward. If the mixer has weight W, is centered on the shelf, and has a mass center at G, determine...

Evaporation rate for the system shown in Fig. 18.2-1, what is the evaporation rate in g/hr of CC1 3 NO 2 (chloropicrin) into air at 25C Make the customary assumption that air is a "pure substance."...

A long rod 40 mm in diameter, fabricated from sapphire (aluminum oxide) and initially at a uniform temperature of 800 K, is suddenly cooled by a fluid at 300 K having a heat transfer coefficient of...

You have to prepare a pH 3.50 buffer, and you have the following 0.10 M solutions available: HCOOH, CH3COOH, H3PO4, HCOONa, CH3COONa, and NaH2PO4. Which solutions would you use? How many milliliters...

The absorption cross section on the ordinate of the ozone absorption spectrum at the beginning of this chapter is defined by the relation where n is the number of absorbing molecules per cubic...

The 0.732 1.2-m lid ABCD of a storage bin is hinged along side AB and is held open by looping cord DEC over a frictionless hook at E. If the tension in the cord is 54 N, determine the moment about...

Consider a convergent-divergent nozzle with an exit-to-throat area ratio of 1.53. The reservoir pressure is 1atm. Assuming isentropic flow, except for the possibility of a normal shock wave inside...

A liquid mixture contains 600 wt% ethanol (E), 5.0 wt% of a dissolved solute (S), and the balance water. A stream of this mixture is fed to a continuous distillation column operating at steady state....

The performance of gas turbine engines may be improved by increasing the tolerance of the turbine blades to hot gases emerging from the combustor. One approach to achieving high operating...

A Pitot tube on an airplane flying at standard sea level reads 1.07 x 105 N/m2. What is the velocity of the airplane?

A catalytic reactor is used to produce formaldehyde from methanol in the reaction CH 3 OH HCHO + H 2 A single-pass conversion of 60.0% is achieved in the reactor. The methanol in the reactor product...

(a) Write the line notation for the following cell. (b) Calculate the potential of each half-cell and the cell voltage, E. In which direction will electrons flow through the circuit? Write the...

Determine the moment of the force F about point O. The force has coordinate direction angles α, β, γ. Express the result as a Cartesian vector. Given: F = 20 lb a = 8 in α = 60...

A plane wall of thickness 2L and thermal conductivity k experiences a uniform volumetric generation rate q. As shown in the sketch for Case I, the surface at x = - L is perfectly insulated, while the...

A process tank has two input streamsStream 1 at mass flow rate w1 and Stream 2 at mass flow rate w2. The tanks effluent stream, at flow rate w, discharges through a fixed valve to atmospheric...

The gear forces shown act in planes parallel to the yz plane. The force on gear A is 300 lbf. Consider the bearings at O and B to be simple supports. For a static analysis and a factor of safety of...

Air containing 20.0mole% water vapor at an initial pressure of 1 atm absolute is cooled in a 1-liter sealed vessel from 200C to 15C. (a) What is the pressure in the vessel at the end of the process...

(a) When a solution containing 234 mg of pentanol (FM 88.15) and 237 mg of 2,3-dimethyl 2-butanol (FM 102.17) in 10.0 mL was separated, the relative peak areas were pentanol:2,3 dimethyl-2-butanol...

The motion of an oscillating flywheel is defined by the relation = 0e??7t/6 sin4t, where is expressed in radians and t in seconds. Knowing that 0 = 0.4 rad, determine the angular coordinate, the...

The 180-lb man climbs up the ladder and stops at the position shown after he senses that the ladder is on the verge of slipping. Determine the coefficient of static friction between the friction pad...

(a) Consider the AF3 molecules in Exercise 9.29.Which of these will have a nonzero dipole moment? Explain. (b) Which of the AF4 molecules in Exercise 9.30 will have a zero dipole moment? In Exercise...

Consider a cylindrical nuclear fuel rod of length Land diameter D that is encased in a concentric tube. Pressurized water flows through the annular region between the rod and the tube at a rate m,...

As permanent space stations increase in size, there is an attendant increase in the amount of electrical power they dissipate. To keep station compartment temperatures from exceeding prescribed...

Detection limit. A sensitive chromatographic method was developed to measure sub-part per-billion levels of the disinfectant by-products iodate (IO 3 ), chlorite (ClO 2 ), and bromate (BrO 3 ) in...

Calculate the % relative error in hydronium ion concentration by using concentrations instead of activities in calculating the pH of the following buffer solutions using the thermodynamic constants...

The figure shows a formed round-wire cantilever spring subjected to a varying force. The hardness tests made on 50 springs gave a minimum hardness of 400 Brinell. It is apparent from the mounting...

The demand for electric power is usually much higher during the day than it is at night, and utility companies often sell power at night at much lower prices to encourage consumers to use the...

A quantity of liquid chloroform is placed in an open, transparent, three-liter flask and boiled long enough to purge all air from the vapor space. The flask is then sealed and allowed to equilibrate...

Several decades ago benzene was thought to be a harmless chemical with a somewhat pleasant odor and was widely used as a cleaning solvent. It has since been found that chronic exposure to benzene can...

The demand for a particular hydrogenated compound, S, is 5.00k mol/h. This chemical is synthesized in the gas-phase reaction A + H 2 = S. The reaction equilibrium constant at the reactor operating...

In the final stages of production, a pharmaceutical is sterilized by heating it from 25 to 75C as it moves at 0.2 m/s through a straight thin-walled stainless steel tube of 12.7-mm diameter. A...

On a hot summer day the temperature is 35C, barometric pressure is 103 kPa, and the relative humidity is 90%. An air conditioner draws in outside air, cools it to 20C, and delivers it at a rate of...

A liquid mixture of benzene and toluene containing 50.0 wt% benzene at 90C and pressure P0 is fed at a rate of 32.5 m3!h into a flash evaporator, a heated tank maintained at a pressure P 4 P0. When...

Water at 300 K and a flow rate of 5 kg/s enters a black, thin-walled tube, which passes through a large furnace whose walls and air are at a temperature of 700 K. The diameter and length of the tube...

A 750-g collar can slide along the horizontal rod shown. It is attached to an elastic cord with an undeformed length of 300 mm and a spring constant of 150 N/m. Knowing that the collar is released...

The mast is subjected to the three forces shown. Determine the coordinate angles α1, β1, γ1 of F1 so that the resultant force acting on the mast is zero. Given: F1 = 500 N F2 = 200 N...

A refrigerator door has a height and width of H = 1 m and W = 0.65 m, respectively, and is situated in a large room for which the air and walls are at T = Tsur = 25C. The door consists of a layer of...

The compound beam is fixed at A and supported by rockers at B and C. There are hinges (pins) at D and E. Determine the components of reaction at thesupports 15 kN 30 kN - m 6 m 2 m 2 m'2 m

Seventy-five liters of liquid ethanol at 70.0C and 55 L of liquid water at 20.0C are to be mixed in a well-insulated flask. The energy balance for this constant pressure process is Q = H. (a)...

In a manufacturing operation, three holes are drilled simultaneously in a work piece. Knowing that the holes are perpendicular to the surfaces of the work piece, replace the couples applied to the...

A stream of Liquid n-pentane flows at a rate of 50.4L/min into a heating chamber, where it evaporates into a stream of air 15% in excess of the amount needed to burn the pentane completely. The...

Poke a hole in a piece of cardboard and hold the cardboard horizontally in the sunlight (as in Figure 1.6). Note the image of the Sun that is cast below. To convince yourself that the round spot of...

A liquid-level control system can be configured in either of two ways. with a control valve manipulating flow of liquid into the holding tank (Figure a), or with a control valve manipulating the flow...

The figure illustrates the connection of a cylinder head to a pressure vessel using 10 bolts and a confined-gasket seal. The effective sealing diameter is 150 mm. Other dimensions are: A = 100, B =...

Five hundred kmol/h of a liquid mixture of light alcohols containing, by moles, 40% methanol (M), 35% ethanol (E), 15% isopropanol (IP), and 10% normal propanol (NP) is distilled in a sequence of two...

Terephthalic acid (TPA), a raw material in the manufacture of polyester fiber, film, and soft drink bottles, is synthesized from p-xylene (PX) in the process shown below. A fresh feed of pure liquid...

The Pascal (Pa) is actually a very small unit of pressure. To show this, convert 1 Pa = 1 N/m2 to lb/ft2. Atmospheric pressure at sea level is 14.7 lb/in2. How many Pascals is this?

A vapor mixture having equal volumes of NH3 and N2 is to be contacted at 20?C and 1 atm (760 torr) with water to absorb a portion of the NH3. If 14 m3 of this mixture is brought into contact with 10...

Equivalence of various forms of Fick's law for binary mixtures (a) Starting with Eq. (A) of Table 17.8-2, derive Eqs. (B), (D), and (F). (b) Starting with Eq. (A) of Table 17.8-2, derive the folowing...

A skeletal diagram of a hand holding a load is shown in the upper figure. If the load and the forearm have masses of 2 kg and 1.2 kg, respectively, and their centers of mass are located at G1 and G2,...

In a murder trial in the 1990s, the defendant's blood was found at the crime scene. The prosecutor argued that blood was left by the defendant during the crime. The defense argued that police...

The 3-lb uniform rod BD is connected to crank AB and to a collar of negligible weight. A couple (not shown) is applied to crank AB causing it to rotate with an angular velocity of 12 rad/s...

The guy wires are used to support the telephone pole. Represent the force in each wire in Cartesian vector form. Neglect the diameter of thepole. Fs= 175 N F=250 N

A plastic coating is applied to wood panels by first depositing molten polymer on a panel and then cooling the surface of the polymer by subjecting it to air flow at 25C. As first approximations, the...

A mercury manometer (r = 13,600 kg/m3) is connected to an air duct to measure the pressure inside. The difference in the manometer levels is 15 mm, and the atmospheric pressure is 100 kPa. (a)...

A two-evaporator compression refrigeration system as shown in Fig. P11-60 uses refrigerant-134a as the working fluid. The system operates evaporator 1 at 08C, evaporator 2 at 226.48C, and the...

Consider a computer system that contains an I/O module controlling a simple keyboard/ printer Teletype. The following registers are contained in the CPU and connected directly to the system bus:...

Determine the force in each member of the truss and state if the members are in tension or compression. Units Used: kip = 103 lb Given: F = 1000 lb a = 10 ft b = 10 ft D.

For some viscoelastic polymers that are subjected to stress relaxation tests, the stress decays with time according to where ?(t) and ?(0) represent the time-dependent and initial (i.e., time = 0)...

Batch processes are often used in chemical and pharmaceutical operations to achieve a desired chemical composition for the final product and typically involve a transient heating operation to take...

A 0.35-m3 vessel is used to store liquid propane at its vapor pressure. Safety considerations dictate that at a temperature of 320 K the liquid must occupy no more than 80% of the total volume of the...

The plane wall with constant properties and no internal heat generation shown in the figure is initially at a uniform temperature T i Suddenly the surface at x = L is heated by a fluid at T having a...

Liquid water at 30.0C and liquid water at 90.0C are combined in a ratio (1 kg cold water/2 kg hot water). (a) Use a simple calculation to estimate the final water temperature. For this part, pretend...

The mass of 700 kg is suspended from a trolley which moves along the crane rail from d = 1.7 m to d = 3.5 m. Determine the force along the pin-connected knee strut BC (short link) and the magnitude...

Solvent occupies 15% of the volume of a chromatography column whose inner diameter is 3.0 mm. If the volume flow rate is 0.2 mL/min, find the linear flow rate.

A household refrigerator runs one-fourth of the time and removes heat from the food compartment at an average rate of 800 kJ/h. If the COP of the refrigerator is 2.2, determine the power the...

Finely ground mineral (0.632 4 g) was dissolved in 25 mL of boiling 4 M HCl and diluted with 175 mL H2O containing two drops of methyl red indicator. The solution was heated to 100C, and 50 mL of...

A hollow aluminum sphere, with an electrical heater in the center, is used in tests to determine the thermal conductivity of insulating materials. The inner and outer radii of the sphere are 0.15 and...

List the point coordinates of all atoms that are associated with the diamond cubic unit cell(figure). C

The feed to Column C3 of the distillation sequence in Figure is given in Table 1.5. However, the separation is to be altered so as to produce a distillate that is 95 mol% pure isobutene with a...

A light-hydrocarbon feed stream contains 45.4 kmol/h of propane, 136.1 kmol/h of isobutane, 226.8 kmol/h of n-butane, 181.4 kmol/h of isopentane, and 317.4 kmol/h of n-pentane. This stream is to be...

Determine the diffusivity of H2S in water, using the penetration theory, from the following data for the absorption of H2S into a laminar jet of water at 20?C. Jet diameter = 1 cm, Jet length = 7 cm,...

The van der Waals equation of state (Equation 5.3-6) is to be used to estimate the specific molar volume V (L/mol) of air at specified values of T (K) and P(atm). The van der Waals constants for air...