Questions and Answers of Integrated Science

Describe at least several basic diff erences between the Bohr and quantum mechanics models of the atom.
Analyze the signifi cance of the observation that matter only emits and absorbs energy in discrete units.
Describe a conversation between yourself and another person as you correct his or her belief that atomic weight has something to do with gravity.
Th omson’s experiments led to the discovery of the electron.Analyze how you know for sure that he discovered the electron.
What are the signifi cant similarities and diff erences between the isotopes of a particular element?
Evaluate Millikan’s method for fi nding the charge of an electron. Are there any doubts about the results of using this technique?
What is the diff erence between a hydrogen atom in the ground state and one in the excited state?
What is similar about the Bohr model of the atom and the quantum mechanical model? What are the fundamental diff erences?
Which has the lowest energy, an electron in the fi rst energy level ( n 1) or an electron in the third energy level ( n 3)?Explain.
Why do the energies of electrons in an atom have negative values? ( Hint: It is not because of the charge of the electron.)
Describe the three main points in the Bohr model of the atom.
How is the atomic weight of an element determined?
An atom has 11 protons in the nucleus. What is the atomic number? What is the name of this element? What is the electron confi guration of this atom?
What does atomic number mean? How does the atomic number identify the atoms of a particular element? How is the atomic number related to the number of electrons in an atom?
Compare the size of an atom to the size of its nucleus.
What is the main problem with a solar system model of the atom?
Describe the experimental evidence that led Rutherford to the concept of a nucleus in an atom.
What was the experimental evidence that Th omson had discovered the existence of a subatomic particle when working with cathode rays?
If you want to know the number of neutrons in an atom of a given element, youa. round the atomic weight to the nearest whole number.b. add the mass number and the atomic number.c. subtract the atomic
Two different isotopes of the same element havea. the same number of protons, neutrons, and electrons.b. the same number of protons and neutrons but different numbers of electrons.c. the same number
The space in which it is probable that an electron will be found is described by a(an)a. circular orbit.b. elliptical orbit.c. orbital.d. geocentric orbit.
The Bohr model of the atom described the energy state of electrons with one quantum number. The quantum mechanics model uses how many quantum numbers to describe the energy state of an electron?a.
The quantum mechanics model of the atom is based ona. the quanta, or measured amounts of energy of a moving particle.b. the energy of a standing electron wave that can fit into an orbit.c.
When an electron in a hydrogen atom jumps from an orbit farther from the nucleus to an orbit closer to the nucleus, ita. emits a single photon with an energy equal to the energy difference of the two
According to the Bohr model, an electron gains or loses energy only bya. moving faster or slower in an allowed orbit.b. jumping from one allowed orbit to another.c. being completely removed from an
Hydrogen, with its one electron, produces a line spectrum in the visible light range witha. one color line.b. two color lines.c. three color lines.d. four color lines.
According to Rutherford’s calculations, the volume of an atom is mostlya. occupied by protons and neutrons.b. filled with electrons.c. occupied by tightly bound protons, electrons, and neutrons.d.
The existence of a tiny, massive, and positively charged nucleus was deduced from the observation thata. fast, massive, and positively charged alpha particles all move straight through metal foil.b.
Thomson was convinced that he had discovered a subatomic particle, the electron, from the evidence thata. the charge-to-mass ratio was the same for all materials.b. cathode rays could move through a
The electron was discovered through experiments witha. radioactivity.b. light.c. matter waves.d. electricity.
How are visible light and a radio wave diff erent? How are they the same?
Analyze how the equation E = hf could mean that visible light is a particle and a wave at the same time.
Compare and contrast the path of light through a convex and a concave lens. Give several uses for each lens, and describe how the shape of the lens results in that particular use.
Use a dialogue as you “think aloud” in considering the evidence that visible light is a wave, a particle, or both.
Describe how you would use questions alone to help someone understand that the shimmering they see above a hot pavement is not heat.
Clarify the distinction between light refl ection and light refraction by describing clear, obvious examples of each.
Why are both the photon model and the electromagnetic wave model accepted today as a single theory? Why was this so diffi cult for people to accept at fi rst?
What was so unusual about Planck’s fi ndings about blackbody radiation? Why was this considered revolutionary?
Explain why the intensity of refl ected light appears to change if you tilt your head from side to side while wearing polarizing sunglasses.
How can you tell if a pair of sunglasses is polarizing or not?
Why does a highway sometimes appear wet on a hot summer day when it is not wet?
When does total internal refl ection occur? Why does this occur in the diamond more than other gemstones?
One star is reddish, and another is bluish. Do you know anything about the relative temperatures of the two stars?Explain.
What happens to light that is absorbed by matter?
What model of light is supported by the photoelectric eff ect?Explain.
Which carries more energy, red light or blue light? Should this mean anything about the preferred color of warning and stop lights? Explain.
What model of light does the polarization of light support?Explain.
What determines if an electromagnetic wave emitted from an object is a visible light wave or a wave of infrared radiation?
Today, light is considered to bea. tiny particles of matter that move through space, having no wave properties.b. electromagnetic waves only, with no properties of particles.c. a small-scale
Einstein applied Planck’s quantum discovery to light and founda. a direct relationship between the energy and frequency of light.b. that the energy of a photon divided by the frequency of the
Max Planck made the revolutionary discovery that the energy of vibrating molecules involved in blackbody radiation existed only ina. multiples of certain fixed amounts.b. amounts that smoothly graded
The polarization behavior of light is best explained by considering light to bea. longitudinal waves.b. transverse waves.c. particles.d. particles with ends, or poles.
Which of the following can only be explained by a wave model of light?a. reflectionb. refractionc. interferenced. photoelectric effect
A prism separates the colors of sunlight into a spectrum becausea. each wavelength of light has its own index of refraction.b. longer wavelengths are refracted more than shorter wavelengths.c. red
Any part of the electromagnetic spectrum, including the colors of visible light, can be measured in units ofa. wavelength.b. frequency.c. energy.d. Any of the above is correct.
The ratio of the speed of light in a vacuum to the speed of light in some transparent materials is calleda. the critical angle.b. total internal reflection.c. the law of reflection.d. the index of
You are able to see in shaded areas, such as under a tree, because light has undergonea. refraction.b. incident bending.c. a change in speed.d. diffuse reflection.
Before it travels through Earth’s atmosphere, sunlight is mostlya. infrared radiation.b. visible light.c. ultraviolet radiation.d. blue light.
The difference in the light emitted from a candle, an incandescent lightbulb, and the Sun is basically from differences ina. energy sources.b. materials.c. temperatures.d. phases of matter.
An object is hot enough to emit a dull red glow. When this object is heated even more, it will emita. shorter-wavelength, higher-frequency radiation.b. longer-wavelength, lower-frequency radiation.c.
What are the basic similarities and diff erences between an electric fi eld and a magnetic fi eld?
Analyze the apparent contradiction in the statement that “solar energy is free” with the fact that solar cells are too expensive to use as an energy source.
Will a fuel cell be the automobile engine of the future? Identify the facts, beliefs, and theories that support or refute your answer.
Transformers usually have signs warning, “Danger—High Voltage.” Analyze if this is a contradiction since it is exposure to amps, not volts, that harms people.
What are the signifi cant similarities and diff erences between AC and DC? What determines which is “better” for a particular application?
Explain how the model of electricity as electrons moving along a wire is an oversimplifi cation that misrepresents the complex nature of an electric current.
Explain what causes an electron to move toward one end of a wire when the wire is moved across a magnetic fi eld.
Why does the north pole of a magnet generally point to the geographic North Pole if like poles repel?
Describe how an electric generator is able to generate an electric current.
Explain why the electric utility company increases the voltage of electricity for long-distance transmission.
How is an unmagnetized piece of iron diff erent from the same piece of iron when it is magnetized?
What is a magnetic pole? How are magnetic poles named?
What is the diff erence between AC and DC?
Is a kWh a unit of power or a unit of work? Explain.
Explain how you know that it is an electric fi eld, not electrons, that moves rapidly through a circuit.
Why does a positively or negatively charged object have multiples of the fundamental charge?
Explain what is happening when you walk across a carpet and receive a shock when you touch a metal object.
Explain why a balloon that has been rubbed sticks to a wall for a while.
A step-up transformer steps up (the)a. power.b. current.c. voltage.d. All of the above are correct.
A current-carrying wire has a magnetic field around it becausea. a moving charge produces a magnetic field of its own.b. the current aligns the magnetic fields in the metal of the wire.c. the metal
A permanent magnet has magnetic properties becausea. the magnetic fields of its electrons are balanced.b. of an accumulation of monopoles in the ends.c. the magnetic fields of elections are
Compared to a thick wire, a thin wire of the same length, material, and temperature hasa. less electric resistance.b. more electric resistance.c. the same electric resistance.d. None of the above is
The unit of resistance is thea. watt.b. ohm.c. amp.d. volt.
If you multiply amps volts, the answer will be in units ofa. resistance.b. work.c. current.d. power.
In an electric current, the electrons are movinga. at a very slow rate.b. at the speed of light.c. faster than the speed of light.d. at a speed described as “Warp 8.”
An electric current is measured in units ofa. coulomb.b. volt.c. amp.d. watt.
The unit that describes the potential difference that occurs when a certain amount of work is used to move a certain quantity of charge is called thea. ohm.b. volt.c. amp.d. watt.
A quantity of electric charge is measured in a unit called a (an)a. coulomb.b. volt.c. amp.d. watt.
Which of the following is most likely to acquire an electrostatic charge?a. electric conductorb. electric nonconductorc. Both are equally likely.d. None of the above is correct.
An object that acquires an excess of electrons becomes a (an)a. ion.b. negatively charged object.c. positively charged object.d. electric conductor.
Why is it not a good idea for a large band to march in unison across a bridge?
How can sound waves be waves of pressure changes if you can hear several people talking at the same time?
Are vibrations the source of all sounds? Discuss if this is supported by observations or if it is an inference.
Is sound actually destroyed in destructive interference?
Describe how you can use beats to tune a musical instrument.
Sometimes it is easier to hear someone speaking in a full room than in an empty room. Explain how this could happen.
What are the signifi cant similarities and diff erences between longitudinal and transverse waves? Give examples of each.
How would distant music sound if the speed of sound decreased with frequency?
Why are fundamental frequencies and overtones also called resonant frequencies?
What is an echo?

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