Questions and Answers of Integrated Science

Does a supersonic aircraft make a sonic boom only when it cracks the sound barrier? Explain.
What gives a musical note its characteristic quality?
What eventually happens to a sound wave traveling through the air?
Do all frequencies of sound travel with the same velocity?Explain your answer by using the wave equation.
Explain why sounds travel faster in warm air than in cool air.
What is resonance?
Why do astronauts on the moon have to communicate by radio even when close to one another?
A piano tuner hears three beats per second when a tuning fork and a note are sounded together and six beats per second aft er the string is tightened. What should the tuner do next, tighten or loosen
Is it possible for a transverse wave to move through air?Explain.
What is a wave?
An observer on the ground will hear a sonic boom from an airplane traveling faster than the speed of sounda. only when the plane breaks the sound barrier.b. as the plane is approaching.c. when the
The efficient transfer of energy that takes place at a natural frequency is known asa. resonance.b. beats.c. the Doppler effect.d. reverberation.
Sound interference is necessary to produce the phenomenon known asa. resonance.b. decibels.c. beats.d. reverberation.
Sound waves travel faster ina. solids as compared to liquids.b. liquids as compared to gases.c. warm air as compared to cooler air.d. All of the above are correct.
The number of cycles that a vibrating tuning fork experiences each second is related to the resulting sound wave characteristic ofa. frequency.b. amplitude.c. wave height.d. quality.
The characteristic of a wave that is responsible for what you interpret as pitch is the wavea. amplitude.b. shape.c. frequency.d. height.
Longitudinal mechanical waves will move only througha. solids.b. liquids.c. gases.d. All of the above are correct.
Transverse mechanical waves will move only througha. solids.b. liquids.c. gases.d. All of the above are correct.
A longitudinal mechanical wave causes particles of a material to movea. back and forth in the same direction the wave is moving.b. perpendicular to the direction the wave is moving.c. in a circular
The period of a vibrating object is related to the frequency, since they area. directly proportional.b. inversely proportional.c. frequently proportional.d. not proportional.
The unit of cycles per second is called aa. hertz.b. lambda.c. wave.d. watt.
The time required for a vibrating object to complete one full cycle is thea. frequency.b. amplitude.c. period.d. hertz.
Explore the assumptions on which the “heat death of the universe” idea is based. Propose and evaluate an alternative idea for the future of the universe.
Could a heat pump move heat without the latent heat of vaporization? Explain.
Th is chapter contains information about three types of passive solar home design. Develop criteria or standards of evaluation that would help someone decide which design is right for their local
Analyze the table of specifi c heats ( table 4.2 ) and determine which metal would make an energy-effi cient and practical pan, providing more cooking for less energy.
Gas and plasma are phases of matter, yet gas runs a car and plasma is part of your blood. Compare and contrast these terms and off er an explanation for the use of similar names.
What are the signifi cant similarities and diff erences between heat and temperature?
Considering the criteria for determining if something is a solid, liquid, or a gas, what is table salt, which can be poured?
Th e relative humidity increases almost every evening aft er sunset. Explain how this is possible if no additional water vapor is added to or removed from the air.
Explain why a burn from 100°C steam is more severe than a burn from water at 100°C.
Explain why a glass fi lled with a cold beverage seems to sweat.Would you expect more sweating inside a house during the summer or during the winter? Explain.
Which Styrofoam cooler provides more cooling, one with 10 lb of ice at 0°C or one with 10 lb of ice water at 0°C? Explain your reasoning.
What is condensation? Explain, on a molecular level, how the condensation of water vapor on a bathroom mirror warms the bathroom.
A piece of metal feels cooler than a piece of wood at the same temperature. Explain why.
Why is air a good insulator?
Why is cooler air found in low valleys on calm nights?
A true vacuum bottle has a double-walled, silvered bottle with the air removed from the space between the walls. Describe how this design keeps food hot or cold by dealing with conduction,
Would the tight packing of more insulation, such as glass wool, in an enclosed space increase or decrease the insulation value?Explain.
Explain why most materials become less dense as their temperature is increased.
What is temperature? What is heat?
Compared to cooler air, warm air can holda. more water vapor.b. less water vapor.c. the same amount of water vapor.d. less water vapor, the amount depending on the humidity.
No water vapor is added to or removed from a sample of air that is cooling, so the relative humidity of this sample of air willa. remain the same.b. be lower.c. be higher.d. be higher or lower,
The condensation of water vapor actuallya. warms the surroundings.b. cools the surroundings.c. sometimes warms and sometimes cools the surroundings, depending on the relative humidity at the time.d.
As a solid undergoes a phase change to a liquid state, ita. releases heat while remaining at a constant temperature.b. absorbs heat while remaining at a constant temperature.c. releases heat as the
The transfer of heat that takes place because of density difference in fluids isa. conduction.b. convection.c. radiation.d. None of the above is correct.
Styrofoam is a good insulating material becausea. it is a plastic material that conducts heat poorly.b. it contains many tiny pockets of air.c. of the structure of the molecules making up the
The heat transfer that does not require matter isa. conduction.b. convection.c. radiation.d. impossible, for matter is always required.
The heat transfer that takes place by energy moving directly from molecule to molecule is calleda. conduction.b. convection.c. radiation.d. None of the above is correct.
Table 4.2 lists the specific heat of soil as 0.20 kcal/kgC° and the specific heat of water as 1.00 kcal/kgC°. This means that if 1 kg of soil and 1 kg of water each receive 1 kcal of energy,
The metric unit of heat called a calorie isa. the specific heat of water.b. the energy needed to increase the temperature of 1 gram of water 1 degree Celsius.c. equivalent to a little over 4 joules
Using the absolute temperature scale, the freezing point of water is correctly written asa. 0 K.b. 0°K.c. 273 K.d. 273°K.
The kinetic molecular theory explains the expansion of a solid material with increases of temperature as basically the result ofa. individual molecules expanding.b. increased translational kinetic
Are there any contradictions to the law of conservation of energy in any area of science?
Most technological devices convert one of the fi ve forms of energy into another. Try to think of a technological device that does not convert an energy form to another. Discuss the signifi cance of
Th e fi ve forms of energy are the result of the fundamental forces—gravitational, electromagnetic, and nuclear—and objects that are interacting. Analyze which force is probably involved with
Describe at least several examples of negative potential energy and how each shows a clear understanding of the concept.
Use the equation for kinetic energy to prove that speed is more important than mass in bringing a speeding car to a stop.
Simple machines are useful because they are able to trade force for distance moved. Describe a conversation between yourself and another person who believes that you do less work when you use a
Whenever you do work on something, you give it energy.Analyze how you would know for sure that this is a true statement.
What are the signifi cant similarities and diff erences between work and power?
Evaluate the requirement that something must move whenever work is done. Why is this a requirement?
What happens to the kinetic energy of a falling book when the book hits the fl oor?
Compare the energy needed to raise a mass 10 m on Earth to the energy needed to raise the same mass 10 m on the Moon.Explain the diff erence, if any.
Defi ne a joule. What is the diff erence between a joule of work and a joule of energy?
From time to time, people claim to have invented a machine that will run forever without energy input and develops more energy than it uses (perpetual motion). Why would you have reason to question
Why are petroleum, natural gas, and coal called fossil fuels?
A spring clamp exerts a force on a stack of papers it is holding together. Is the spring clamp doing work on the papers?Explain.
If energy cannot be destroyed, why do some people worry about the energy supplies?
Is a kWh a unit of work, energy, power, or more than one of these? Explain.
A lamp bulb is rated at 100 W. Why is a time factor not included in the rating?
Does a person standing motionless in the aisle of a moving bus have kinetic energy? Explain.
What is the relationship between the work done while moving a book to a higher bookshelf and the potential energy that the book has on the higher shelf?
How is work related to energy?
The accounting device of a “barrel of oil” is defined to hold how many U.S. gallons of petroleum?a. 24b. 42c. 55d. 100
The most widely used source of energy today isa. coal.b. petroleum.c. nuclear.d. moving water.
The law of conservation of energy is basically thata. energy must not be used up faster than it is created, or the supply will run out.b. energy should be saved because it is easily destroyed.c.
Most energy comes to and leaves Earth in the form ofa. nuclear energy.b. chemical energy.c. radiant energy.d. kinetic energy.
Which quantity has the greatest influence on the amount of kinetic energy that a large truck has while moving down the highway?a. massb. weightc. velocityd. size
A rock on the ground is considered to have zero potential energy. In the bottom of a well, then, the rock would be considered to havea. zero potential energy, as before.b. negative potential
The potential energy of a box on a shelf, relative to the floor, is a measure ofa. the work that was required to put the box on the shelf from the floor.b. the weight of the box times the distance
A kilowatt-hour is a unit ofa. powerb. workc. timed. electrical charge
About how many watts are equivalent to 1 horsepower?a. 7.5b. 75c. 750d. 7500
Which of the following is a combination of units called a watt?a. N · m/sb. kg · m 2 /s 2 /sc. J/sd. All of the above are correct.
Power isa. the rate at which work is done.b. the rate at which energy is expended.c. work per unit time.d. Any of the above is correct.
The metric unit of a joule (J) is a unit ofa. potential energy.b. work.c. kinetic energy.d. Any of the above is correct.
An astronaut leaves a spaceship that is moving through free space to adjust an antenna. Will the spaceship move off and leave the astronaut behind? Explain.
A rocket blasts off from a platform on a space station. An identical rocket blasts off from free space. Considering everything else to be equal, will the two rockets have the same acceleration?
Suppose you are standing on the ice of a frozen lake and there is no friction whatsoever. How can you get off the ice? ( Hint: Friction is necessary to crawl or walk, so that will not get you off the
What maintains the speed of Earth as it moves in its orbit around the Sun?
Is it possible for your weight to change as your mass remains constant? Explain.
Why should you bend your knees as you hit the ground aft er jumping from a roof?
How can an unbalanced force exist if every action has an equal and opposite reaction?
What net force is needed to maintain the constant velocity of a car moving in a straight line? Explain.
Is it possible for a small car to have the same momentum as a large truck? Explain.
Can gravity act in a vacuum? Explain.
Disregarding air friction, describe all the forces acting on a bullet shot from a rifl e into the air.
An insect inside a bus fl ies from the back toward the front at 5.0 mi/h. Th e bus is moving in a straight line at 50.0 mi/h.What is the speed of the insect?
A ball is swinging in a circle on a string when the string length is doubled. At the same velocity, the force on the string will bea. twice as great.b. four times as great.c. one-half as much.d.
If a ball swinging in a circle on a string is moved twice as fast, the force on the string will bea. twice as great.b. four times as great.c. one-half as much.d. one-fourth as much.

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