Questions and Answers of Integrated Science

It is known that the difference between the genomes of humans and chimpanzees is about 1.5 percent. If there is only this small difference between what appears to be two strikingly different
Polydactyly is the most common genetic abnormality of the human hand and is classified into three types.a. What are these types?b. Diagram how such phenotypes would arise beginning with a mutation in
What is the genetic basis of the following diseases and what are their symptoms?a. Kearns-Sayre syndromeb. Leber’s hereditary optic neuropathy (LHON)c. Myoclonic epilepsy and red ragged fibers
It is important to remember that Mendel’s work was introduced only a little over a hundred years ago. But in that time, science has progressed from his most basic hypothesis to a level of
There are two approaches to gene therapy: somatic cell and germ cell line therapy. Compare and contrast these two approaches.Give examples of genetic abnormalities that might be controlled with each
What role is played by DNA polymerase?
Give an example of a potential use of biotechnology related to stem cells.
What amino acids would occur in the protein chemically coded by the sequence of nucleotides in question 12?
If a DNA nucleotide sequence is CATAAAGCA, what is the mRNA nucleotide sequence that would base-pair with it?
How does DNA replication differ from the manufacture of an RNA molecule?
Chromosomal and point mutations both occur in DNA. In what ways do they differ? How is this related to recombinant DNA?
List the sequence of events that takes place when a DNA message is translated into protein.
What are the differences between DNA and RNA?
The roan color of horses is an example of codominance. Why?
Hemophilia is a disease that prevents the blood from clotting normally. It is caused by a recessive allele located on the X chromosome. A boy has the disease; neither his parents nor his grandparents
A woman with color-deficient vision marries a man with normal vision. They have ten children—six boys and four girls.a. How many are expected to have normal vision?b. How many are expected to have
Dwarfism (achondroplasia) is the result of a mutation in the gene for the production of fibroblast growth factor. It is inherited as an autosomal dominant disorder and often occurs as a new mutation.
In humans, the allele for albinism is recessive to the allele for normal skin pigmentation.a. What is the probability that a child of a heterozygous mother and father will be an albino?b. If a child
If an offspring has the genotype Aa, what possible combinations of parental genotypes can exist?
What is the probability of each of the following sets of parents producing the given genotypes in their offspring?Parents Offspring Genotypea. AA 3 aa Aab. Aa 3 Aa Aac. Aa 3 Aa aa
Why is meiosis I referred to as reduction division?
Describe two general types of mutations and the role they play in generating genetic diversity.
What advantage does a sexually reproducing, diploid organism have in comparison to an asexually reproducing, haploid organism?
List three likely causes of infertility in males and three in females.
What is the difference between the origin of fraternal and identical twins?
List the hormones associated with the functioning of the male and female reproductive systems. Describe their function.
What are the differences between oogenesis and spermatogenesis in humans?
What structures are associated with the human male reproductive system? What are their functions?
What structures are associated with the human female reproductive system? What are their functions?
What is HRT?
Diagram fertilization as it would occur between a sperm and an egg with the haploid number of 3.
What are advantages and disadvantages of the rhythm method of conception control?
How does mitosis differ from meiosis?
What is unique about metaphase I?
How do haploid cells differ from diploid cells?
How is the structure of each of the following organs able to provide a large surface area for the exchange of molecules:lungs, small intestine, and kidney?
Describe the ways in which the functions of the nervous and endocrine systems are similar. In what ways are they different?
If you were allergic to dairy products, what are the particular nutrients for which you would need to find alternative sources?
The skin is an excellent organ for getting rid of heat. What role does surface area play in this function?
The heart can be replaced with a mechanical pump. Major blood vessels can be replaced with plastic tubing. Can you envision artificial capillaries? What technical problems would need to be overcome
Describe the flow of blood in systemic circulation.
List the components of blood.
Give an example of homeostasis.
Describe two ways in which smooth muscle and skeletal muscle differ in the way they function.
Describe how villi and the length of the small intestine are related to the ability to absorb nutrients.
List the six groups of MyPlate, along with a major contribution of each to the diet.
Why do large, multicellular organisms need a circulatory system?
Describe how a nerve impulse travels along a nerve fiber.
List the differences between the central and peripheral nervous systems.
What is actually detected by the nasal epithelium, taste buds, cochlea of the ear, and retina of the eye?
What is the role of acetylcholine in a synapse?
Describe how changing permeability of the cell membrane and the movement of sodium ions cause a nerve impulse.
Describe the mechanics of breathing.
Describe three ways in which the digestive system increases its ability to absorb nutrients.
What are the functions of the heart, arteries, veins, arterioles, the blood, and capillaries?
Compare your social interactions with other people to the kinds of ecological interactions that occur among organisms. List examples of social interactions that could be considered to be:mutualism
Describe how one might go about the process of conserving an endangered species.
Many people advocate the use of biofuels (biodiesel, ethanol, etc.) as a substitute for fossil fuels. They suggest that these fuels cause less environmental damage and are renewable.Based on what you
Sulfur is present in all organisms, particularly in proteins.Based on what you know about the carbon and nitrogen cycles, develop an outline of what you think the sulfur cycle would look like.
Many cities have serious problems with large populations of deer. They eat the plants in people’s yards and cause serious traffic accidents. You are a consultant hired to help a city solve its deer
Look around your neighborhood and identify the various kinds of plants and animals you see. Create a food web based on how these organisms interact.
If variety in the number and kinds of producers is reduced in a field as the result of farming, what might happen to the variety of herbivores in that same field?
List three environmental factors that would change as a result of building a new bridge over a river.
How does the population growth curve of humans compare with that of other kinds of animals?
If competition is intense, how can both kinds of competing organisms continue to exist?
What kinds of organisms have their population size limited by the carrying capacity of their environment?
Describe four different roles played by bacteria in the nitrogen cycle.
Trace the flow of carbon atoms through a community that contains plants, herbivores, decomposers, and parasites.
What do parasites, commensal organisms, and mutualistic organisms have in common? How are they different?
Describe your niche.
Can energy be recycled through an ecosystem? Explain why or why not.
List several biotic and abiotic factors that interact to give rise to the following biomes: temperate deciduous forest, boreal coniferous forest, desert, tundra, tropical rainforest, and savanna.
Why is there usually a larger herbivore biomass than a carnivore biomass?
What role does each of the following play in an ecosystem:sunlight, plants, the second law of thermodynamics, consumers, decomposers, herbivores, carnivores, and omnivores?
Describe the flow of energy through an ecosystem.
Consider the following questions:Could our early hominin ancestors have seen living dinosaurs?What did the animals in the Cambrian period eat?What organisms have dominated most of the history of
Take a long, narrow strip of paper. Tear it in half crossways. Tear one of the remaining pieces in half. Continue until you have made five tears. Measure the length of the piece you have remaining.
What are some of the major steps thought to have been involved in the evolution of humans?
Describe four things that fossils can tell you about Earth’s history.
Describe four different kinds of fossils and how they were formed.
Describe how the principles of superposition, horizontality, and faunal succession are used in the relative dating of sedimentary rock layers.
What major event marked the end of the Paleozoic and Mesozoic eras according to the fossil record? Describe one theory that proposes to account for this.
Why does the rock record go back only 3.8 billion years? If this missing record were available, what do you think it would show?Explain.
Develop a “phylogeny” for motor vehicles and draw a diagram of your phylogeny. Consider the following questions among those you include in determining your phylogeny:How many “kinds”
Describe four kinds of evidence used to establish phylogenetic relationships among organisms.
List two characteristics typical for each of the following kingdoms: Protista, Fungi, Plantae, Animalia.
Why are Latin names used for genus and species?
How do viruses reproduce?
What is the value of taxonomy?
How do the domains Bacteria and Archaea differ?
Scientists regularly reorganize how they think specific species of organisms evolved. Some people argue that this is evidence that evolution is “only a theory” and that we can’t ever know how
Explain the morphological species concept.
List the series of events necessary for speciation to occur.
Why aren’t mules considered a species?
Why is geographic isolation important in the process of speciation?
“Evolution is a fact.” “Evolution is a theory.” Explain how both of these statements can be true.
During the early part of the twentieth century, a major social movement known as the eugenics movement occurred. The purpose of eugenics was to improve the quality of the human gene pool by
How much diversity is there in hair color in the students of your class? Assume all colors seen are natural. Have the students stand in groups based on distinguishable differences in hair color. How
People who are hospitalized often develop infections after they have entered the hospital. Often these infections are very difficult to treat with conventional antibiotics. Why do you think this is
What does sexual reproduction have to do with genetic diversity, evolution, and natural selection?

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