Questions and Answers of Integrated Science

Individual, loosely coiled threads of DNA that are too thin and tangled to be seen with the naked eye are calleda. chromatin.c. chromatids.b. chromosomes.d. centromeres.
Which is not a portion of the cell cycle?a. G1 , gap (growth)—phase oneb. Interphase, synthesisc. G2, gap (growth)—phase twod. Cell division (mitosis and cytokinesis)
The centromeres split duringa. anaphase.c. interphase.b. prophase.d. metaphase.
Chromosomes move to the equator of the cell and attach to the spindle fibers at a point on the chromosomes known as the centromeres at the stage of mitosis.a. interphasec. telophaseb. prophased.
During which stage of the cell cycle does DNA replication occur?a. the S stage of interphasec. G 2 stage of metaphaseb. anaphase of mitosisd. prophase
The biochemical pathways of cellular respiration and photosynthesis are controlled bya. mitochondria.c. enzymes.b. lysosomes.d. sunlight.
Associated with the release of energy from food, these are the site of aerobic cellular respiration.a. chloroplastsc. ribosomesb. mitochondriad. centrioles
The ultimate energy source for all life isa. ATP.b. radiant energy from the Sun.c. biochemicals.d. DNA.
A series of enzyme-controlled reactions operating in a cell isa. photosynthesis.c. biochemical pathway.b. ATP formation.d. All the above are correct.
A useful chemical bond form of energy used in all cells isa. DNA.c. protein.b. ATPd. centrioles.
Which is an example of an organism composed of eukaryotic cells?a. bacteriumc. maple treeb. virusd. limestone
Which is a role played by lysosomes?a. It is the location for the production of ATP.b. It kills dangerous microorganisms that have been taken into the cell by phagocytosis.c. It provides for the
Which is not a passive form of transport through cell membranes?a. facilitated diffusionc. phagocytosisb. diffusiond. ion channel operation
Tanning as a result of exposure to the sun is an example of which characteristic of life?a. metabolic processesb. responsive processesc. generative processesd. control processes
Metabolic processes includea. nutrient processing.b. aerobic cellular respiration.c. waste elimination.d. All of these are correct.
Many communities throughout the world are involved in recycling. One of the most important classes of materials recycled is plastic. Th ere has been concern that the cost of recycling plastics is
Th e so-called “birth control pill,” or “the pill,” has been around since the early 1960s. Th is medication is composed of a variety of organic molecules. What is the nature of these
Th ere have been some health concerns about the additives used in gasoline. What are these additives? What purpose do they serve? What do opponents of using such additives propose are their negative
Many people feel that by using a higher-octane gasoline in their vehicles, they will get better performance. What is the diff erence between high-octane and regular gasoline? Does scientifi c
List the main roles played by proteins in a cell.
What are the key diff erences between DNA and RNA?
What is the diff erence between a micromolecule and a macromolecule?
A soft drink is advertised to “contain no sugar.” Th e label lists ingredients of carbonated water, dextrose, corn syrup, fructose, and fl avorings. Evaluate the advertising.
Draw a structural formula for the fatty acid linoleic acid. What feature makes this a saturated fat?
What is a functional group? List four examples.
Give an example of each of the following classes of organic molecules: carbohydrates, proteins, nucleic acids, lipids.
What is a polymer? Give an example of a naturally occurring plant polymer. Give an example of a synthetic polymer.
What does the octane number of gasoline describe? On what is the number based?
What are (a) natural gas, (b) LPG, and (c) diesel fuel?
Why are organic molecules three-dimensional?
Suggest a reason that ethylene is an important raw material used in the production of plastics but ethane is not.
Is it possible to have an isomer of ethane? Explain.
What features allow organic molecules to form millions of compounds?
What is an organic compound?
What is the job of a chaperone protein?a. Transferring an amino acid to the ribosome for protein synthesis.b. Making sure proteins are synthesized.c. Helping other proteins fold into their proper
What role is played by tRNA in cells?a. telling the cell which protein to make.b. transferring a specific amino acid to a ribosome for incorporation into a protein.c. transferring a copy of the DNA
Many synthetic polymers become a problem in the environment because theya. decompose to nutrients, which accelerates plant growth.b. do not readily decompose and tend to accumulate.c. do not contain
Which of the following is not converted to blood sugar by the human body?a. lactoseb. dextrosec. cellulosed. glycogen
A protein is a polymer formed from the linking of manya. glucose units.b. DNA molecules.c. amino acid molecules.d. monosaccharides.
–NH2 is a specific combination of atoms attached to a carbon skeleton known asa. –enes.b. hydrocarbon derivative.c. alcoholic group.d. amino group.
The R in ROH representsa. a functional group.b. a hydrocarbon group with a name ending in “-yl.”c. an atom of an inorganic element.d. a polyatomic ion that does not contain carbon.Part II
Chemical reactions usually take place on an organic compound at the site of aa. double bond.b. lone pair of electrons.c. functional group.d. Any of the above is correct.
Ethylene molecules can add to each other in a reaction to form a long chain called aa. monomer.b. dimer.c. trimer.d. polymer.
Petroleum is believed to have formed mostly from the anaerobic decomposition of burieda. dinosaurs.b. fish.c. pine trees.d. plankton and algae.
The hydrocarbons with a double covalent carbon-carbon bond are calleda. a polymer.b. unsaturated.c. petroleum.d. None of the above is correct.
Isomers are compounds with the samea. molecular formula with different structures.b. molecular formula with different atomic masses.c. atoms but different molecular formulas.d. structures but
A hydrocarbon molecule with 4 carbon atoms would be called saturated if it had how many hydrogen atoms?a. 4b. 8c. 10d. 16
There are millions of organic compounds but only thousands of inorganic compounds becausea. organic compounds were formed by living things.b. there is more carbon on Earth’s surface than any other
All organic compoundsa. contain carbon and were formed only by a living organism.b. are natural compounds that have not been synthesized.c. contain carbon, no matter if they were formed by a living
What are the signifi cant similarities and diff erences between a river and an ocean current?
Can ocean waves or ocean currents be used as an energy source? Explain why or why not.
Explain how the average salinity of seawater has remained relatively constant over the past six hundred million years in spite of the continuous supply of dissolved salts in the river waters of the
Some people believe that constructing a reservoir for water storage is a bad idea because (1) it might change the downstream habitat below the dam and (2) the reservoir will eventually fi ll with
Describe a number of ways that you believe would increase the amount of precipitation going into groundwater rather than runoff .
Considering the distribution of all the water on Earth, which presently unavailable category would provide the most freshwater at the least cost for transportation, processing, and storage?
Describe the required wavelength and wave height that are needed before sediments will move on the ocean fl oor beneath the wave.
What are the requirements for an artesian well?
How are the waters of Earth distributed as a solid, a liquid, and a gas at a given time? How much of the water is salt water and how much is freshwater?
Describe what you would look for to avoid where rip current occurs at a beach.
Describe how a breaker forms from swell. What is surf?
What factors determine the size of an ocean wave made by the wind?
Why do waves always seem to approach the shore head-on?
What is swell and how does it form?
Th e world’s rivers and streams carry millions of tons of dissolved materials to the ocean each year. Explain why this does not increase the salinity of the ocean.
Discuss some possible ways of extending the supply of freshwater.
Prepare arguments for (a) agriculture, (b) industries, and(c) cities each having fi rst priority in the use of a limited water supply. Identify one of these arguments as being the “best case”for
Compare the advantages and disadvantages of using (a) surface water and (b) groundwater as a source of freshwater.
What is the water table? What is the relationship between the depth to the water table and the depth that a well must be drilled? Explain.
Explain how a stream can continue to fl ow even during a dry spell.
Describe in general all the things that happen to the water that falls on the land.
If the wavelength of swell is 10.0 m, then you know that the fish below the surface feel the waves to a depth ofa. 5.0 m.b. 10.0 m.c. 20.0 m.d. however deep it is to the bottom.
The regular, low-profile waves called swell are produced froma. constant, prevailing winds.b. small, irregular waves becoming superimposed.c. longer wavelengths outrunning and outlasting shorter
Considering only the available light and the dissolving ability of gases in seawater, more abundant life should be found in aa. cool, relatively shallow ocean.b. warm, very deep ocean.c. warm,
The salinity of seawater is increased locally bya. the addition of water from a large river.b. heavy precipitation.c. the formation of sea ice.d. None of the above is correct.
Measurement of the salts dissolved in seawater taken from various locations throughout the world show that seawater has aa. uniform chemical composition and a variable concentration.b. variable
The Gulf of Mexico is a shallow sea of thea. Atlantic Ocean.b. Pacific Ocean.c. Indian Ocean.d. South American Ocean.
The largest of the three principal ocean regions of Earth is thea. Atlantic Ocean.b. Pacific Ocean.c. Indian Ocean.d. South American Ocean.
How many different oceans are actually on Earth’s surface?a. 14b. 7c. 3d. 1
In a region of abundant rainfall, a layer of extensively cracked but otherwise solid granite could serve as a limited source of groundwater because it hasa. limited permeability and no porosity.b.
Of the total supply, the amount of water that is available for human consumption and agriculture isa. 97 percent.b. about two-thirds.c. about 3 percent.d. less than 1 percent.
The most abundant chemical compound at the surface of Earth isa. silicon dioxide.b. nitrogen gas.c. water.d. minerals of iron, magnesium, and silicon.
Describe several examples of regional climate factors completely overriding the expected weather in a given principal climatic zone. Explain how this happens.
Analyze and compare the potential damage caused by a hurricane to the potential damage caused by a tornado.
What are the signifi cant similarities and diff erences between air mass weather and frontal weather?
Explain why dew is not considered to be a form of precipitation.
Given the current air temperature and relative humidity, explain how you could use the graph in fi gure 17.15 to fi nd the dew point temperature.
Evaluate the requirement that diff erential heating must take place before wind will blow. Do any winds exist without diff erential heating?
According to the U.S. National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, the atmospheric concentration of CO 2 has been increasing, global surface temperatures have increased about 0.2 ° C (0.4 ° F)
If heated air rises, why is there snow on top of a mountain and not at the bottom?
Describe how you could use a garden hose and a bucket of water to make a barometer. How high a column of water would standard atmospheric pressure balance in a water barometer?
Heated air rises, so why is snow found on top of a mountain and not at lower elevations?
Identify the four major factors that infl uence the climate of a region, and explain how each does its infl uencing.
How is climate diff erent from the weather?
What is a hurricane? Describe how the weather conditions change as a hurricane approaches, passes directly over, then moves away from a location.
What is a tornado? When and where do tornadoes usually form?
Describe the three main stages in the life of a thunderstorm cell, identifying the events that mark the beginning and end of each stage.
In which of the four basic types of air masses would you expect to fi nd aft ernoon thunderstorms? Explain.
Describe the wind direction, pressure, and weather conditions that are usually associated with (a) low-pressure centers and(b) high-pressure centers.
What kinds of clouds and weather changes are usually associated with the passing of (a) a warm front and (b) a cold front?
What is an air mass?

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