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principles of organizational behavior
Questions and Answers of
Principles Of Organizational Behavior
What reasons did you discover for this lack of congruency in perception?
What can you do to aid others in forming perceptions of you that more closely mirror your per- ceptions of yourself?
If indeed behavior is primarily based on inheritance, what implications does this have for such social institutions as our education system, penal system, and rehabilitation services? What hope, if
What are the ethical dangers of believing in the genetic approach? How would bigots use this theory? Is our culture geared to a belief in the survival of the fittest?
Take a class tally of Step 2 results. How many people were predominantly motivated by hygiene factors? By motivators?
Develop a profile of people who might tend to be "motivated" by hygiene factors. Would they, for example, tend to be new job holders? What else?
Take a class tally of Step 3 results. How many people predominantly fit at each of Maslow's levels?
How did the group(s) make decisions? Consensus? Vote? Directed?
How did the groups' activities and behaviors change first without, then with, a formal leader?
What s t a t u s dynamics were observed during the exercise? H ow did these impact on the quality of involvement of the newcomer and the Chairman of the Board?
Each group is asked to describe how they felt about their experience? About the end product? Would they want to be a part of this group again?
Which style of leadership worked best under the circumstances? What conclusions can be drawn about appropriate leadership style?
Which of the five power bases would you most like to have as your own? Why?
Which of the power bases would seem to be the most lasting?
Which of the power bases do you think is t h e most transferrable if you were moving from job t o job?
Which of the power bases do you think would be the most valuable to a graduate entering the job market?
Which power base is most valuable to a corporate president?
Did each group choose the same job-redesign techniques? Why or why not?
Is job redesign as easy as you originally thought it would be?
What similarities are found in the scenarios? List on the chalkboard commonly agreed upon behaviors for each type.
Which person do you think would be most productive on a day like this?
Which person do you think is more effective in the long run?
How serious a problem is job-related stress?
Most models probably concentrated on effects found in the work setting. What o t h e r effects does job-related stress have on the individual's life?
Who is responsible for job-related s t r e s s ? Is it up to the organization or t h e individual to control it?
Ask group members how they felt about participating in the NGT?
What benefits can they see in this procedure? What drawbacks?
For what types of problems does the NGT seem most applicable?
Did it come naturally to respond with effective listening techniques?
How did the listener feel when being nonevaluative and nonjudgmental?
How did the speaker feel when effective listening responses were given?
Are these nonevaluative techniques always appropriate?
How could you tell when the listener was really interested in what you were saying?
How many people found line A and line C to be exactly alike; in o t h e r words, your first opinion had not changed?
How many people found line B and line C to be exactly alike?
How many people had all three lines to be exactly alike? Did you feel you wielded a lot of influence on the group decision?
What does this exercise tell you about the phenomenon of change?
If you had been given more time for the exercise, do you think the results would have been different?
Did each g r o u p r e a c h t h e same conclusion? If not, how did their conclusions differ? What led t h em to these different conclusions?
Did everyone in the groups support the group's decisions or was t h e r e internal conflict? If so, how was this conflict dealt with?
How similar were the problem diagnoses?
Did the consultant groups noticeably take the perspective of the manager or employees?
Was the data sufficient to merit the conclusions reached?
What is meant by the term organizational behavior? Define it in your own words.LO.1
Did the scientific managers understand organizational behavior? Defend your answer.LO.1
Did the administrative theorists under- stand organizational behavior? Explain.LO.1
In what way did the bureaucracy advo- cates miss the boat when it came to organizational behavior? Give your reasoning.LO.1
How did the human relationists extend the thinking of the classical management theorists? Be complete in your answer.LO.1
What did the Hawthorne researchers learn about organizational behavior as a result of this massive research study?LO.1
In your own words, what was the basic philosophy of the human relationists?LO.1
What contributions did the human relationists make to organizational behavior theory?LO.1
In recent years the human relations phi- losophy has come under attack. What are some of the criticisms leveled against it?LO.1
How does the human resources model differ from the human relations model? How does the human resources model differ from the classical model? Compare and contrast the three models.LO.1
In what way does modern organizational behavior theory extend human relationist thinking?LO.1
Modern theorists see the social structure as consisting of five basic parts. What are they? Describe them.LO.1
Modern theory tends to be descriptive rather than normative or prescriptive. What is meant by this statement?LO.1
What is the field of psychology all about?Answer in your own words.LO.1
What kinds of problems or issues does the modern sociologist study? Explain.LO.1
The most important subfield of anthropology is cultural anthropology. What problems or issues do cultural anthropologists study? Explain.LO.1
A research design contains a plan, a structure, and a strategy. What is involved in each?LO.1
What are some of the design fundamentals used in behavioral science research?Describe them.LO.1
All research should embody, to some degree, the six characteristics of an ideal science. What are these six characteristics?LO.1
How does a field study differ from a field experiment? How does a field experiment differ from a laboratory experiment?LO.1
In what way is a laboratory experiment more rigorous than a field study? Be sure to include a full description of a field study in your answer.LO.1
If you were interested in measuring the effect of a speed-reading course on college freshmen, which of the three research designs described in this chapter would you use? Why?LO.1
When would observation be a useful method of data collection? When would secondary sources be most beneficial?LO.1
What are the benefits and drawbacks of the objective questionnaire? The descriptive questionnaire? Explain.LO.1
In which of the three research designs described in this chapter would you expect interviews to be most helpful?Explain. What about questionnaires? Secondary sources? Observation?LO.1
What kinds of ethical responsibility do modern behavioral scientists have to those participating in their research studies?LO.1
How reliable is the data from the Bureaucracy Mass Index? What are the problems with the way that it was collected? How confidently can you generalize from it?
From your personal experience of work and study of the subject, which managerial activities do you think Henri Fayol failed to mention which are particularly important in today’s organizations?
From your personal experience of work and study of the subject, which managerial roles do you think Henry Mintzberg failed to mention which are particularly important in today’s organizations?
Compare Mintzberg’s ten managerial roles with Porter and Nohria’s six dimensions of CEO influence. In what ways are they similar and different?
Woodward’s classification of technologies is based on the manufacture of products.How well does it fit the provision of services? Consider services such as having your windows cleaned, buying a
Define and distinguish differentiation from integration. Using an example from your experience or reading, illustrate these two processes in operation, and the highlight some of the problems that can
Think of an example of a change to the structure of an organization with which you are familiar. How has it changed the way that you and others do your work? Has it improved or worsened it?
What are some of the similarities and differences between an agile and a holacratic organization?
Consider those who you would call leaders, in business, politics, sport, music, the arts.What characteristics – skills, abilities, personality traits – do they have in common?Which of those
Henry Mintzberg asks: Would you like to be managed by someone who can’t lead?Would you like to be led by someone who can’t manage? How would you respond to those two questions?
Given what we know about gender differences in approach to leadership and management, who would you prefer to be led by at work – a woman, or a man, and why?
What traits do women typically have that make them more suited than men to leadership roles?
One of your well-liked and highly experienced female colleagues has just been passed over for promotion – which she expected to win. The job went to an equally well-liked but less-experienced male
Considering business and political leaders – past or present – with whom you are familiar, directly or through the media, which come closest to these definitions of new leader, superleader and
The new, super, transformational leader looks like a ‘one best way’ approach. Does this support trait-spotting and discredit contingency perspectives?
When faced with the concept of distributed leadership, a common criticism is that there must always be somebody in charge. Must there? What is your view?
Identify examples of leaders – of organizations or countries – to whom Khurana’s four criticisms apply. In your view, are those leaders successful or disastrous – and why?
Why is trait-spotting such a popular theme in leadership research? What has traitspotting told us about the qualities of successful leaders? What are the problems with this perspective?
Traditionally, leaders have been men with special qualities. Why are women now more likely to be considered as effective leaders?
What are the benefits and disadvantages of a charismatic leadership style?
The chief executives of private and public sector organizations are often in the news:online, blogs, Twitter, television. Sometimes, they attract media interest because their organization has been
How would you respond to these ‘true or false’ questions?a. People have a natural resistance to change. True or False?b. People get bored with routine and seek out new experiences. True or
Mike Duggan seems to be transforming Chicago without a ‘management textbook’plan for change. Why do you think he has been so successful?
Your university has decided to scrap conventional written examinations. Assessments will now take place online. Students’ answers to multiple choice questions will be computer graded and checked by
Faced with resistance to a desirable change, would you ever recommend manipulation and threat, or would you regard these methods as unprofessional and unethical in all circumstances?
Fabrizio Freda at Estée Lauder (see box above) exploited a crisis in order to weaken resistance to the organizational changes that he wanted to introduce. Do you think that is acceptable, ethical,
Dictatorial transformation? Coercion? Surely these methods are more likely to generate hostility and resistance, and reduce organization performance? In what circumstances – if any – do you think
Steve Easterbrook (see box above) changed almost the whole of the company’s top leadership team and cut layers of middle managers. Should leaders be ruthless when implementing radical
Using the original definition of disruptive innovation as a process, is the transportation company Uber a disruptive innovator? How about Netflix – does it fit the growth pattern of a disruptive
What are the basic rules of change implementation? Although these appear to be simple, the failure rate of organizational changes is high. How can that failure rate be explained?
Choose an organization that has experienced major change. Arrange to interview two managers who were involved in implementing this change. Using John Kotter’s guide to corporate transformation,
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