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statistics alive

Questions and Answers of Statistics Alive

Critical Thinking All other conditions being equal, does a larger sample size increase or decrease the corresponding magnitude of the z or t value of the sample test statistic?AppendixLO1
Statistical Literacy What do we mean when we say a test is significant? Does this necessarily mean the results are important?AppendixLO1
Statistical Literacy When testing m or the difference of means m1 2m2 from independent populations, how do we decide whether to use the standard normal distribution or a Student’s t
Critical Region Method: Testing p12 p2 Redo Problem 31 using the critical region method and compare your results to those obtained using the P-value method.AppendixLO1
Critical Region Method: Testing m1 2m2; s1, s 2 Unknown Redo Problem 21 using the critical region method and compare your results to those obtained using the P-value method.AppendixLO1
Critical Region Method: Testing m1 2m2; s1, s 2 Known Redo Problem 17 using the critical region method and compare your results to those obtained using the P-value method.AppendixLO1
Sociology: Trusting People Generally speaking, would you say that most people can be trusted? A random sample of n1 5 250 people in Chicago ages 18–25 showed that r1 5 45 said yes. Another random
Art: Politics Do you prefer paintings in which the people are fully clothed? This question was asked by a professional survey group on behalf of the National Arts Society (see reference in Problem
Extraterrestrials: Believe It? Based on information from Harper’s Index, r1 5 37 people out of a random sample of n1 5100 adult Americans who did not attend college believe in extraterrestrials.
Political Science: Voters A random sample of n1 5 288 voters registered in the state of California showed that 141 voted in the last general election. A random sample of n2 5 216 registered voters in
Employment: Working Remotely A study was conducted to determine whether there was a difference in the number of employees who worked from home between 2019 and 2020. In 2019, a random sample of n1
Art Funding: Politics Would you favor spending more federal tax money on the arts? This question was asked by a research group on behalf of The National Institute(Reference: Painting by Numbers, J.
Federal Tax Money: Art Funding Would you favor spending more federal tax money on the arts? This question was asked by a research group on behalf of The National Institute (Reference: Painting by
Expand Your Knowledge: Pooled Two-Sample Procedure Consider independent random samples from two populations that are normal or approximately normal, or the case in which both sample sizes are at
Management: Intimidators and Stressors This problem is based on information regarding productivity in leading Silicon Valley companies (see reference in Problem 27). In large corporations, an
Management: Lost Time In her book Red Ink Behaviors, Jean Hollands reports on the assessment of leading Silicon Valley companies regarding a manager’s lost time due to inappropriate behavior of
Agriculture: Bell Peppers The pathogen Phytophthora capsici causes bell peppers to wilt and die. Because bell peppers are an important commercial crop, this disease has undergone a great deal of
Wildlife: Fox Rabies A study of fox rabies in southern Germany gave the following information about different regions and the occurrence of rabies in each region (Reference: B. Sayers et al., “A
Education: Remote Learning Does online learning affect student achievement? In an experiment, a group of college students were randomly divided into two groups: the experimental group received
Education: Tutoring Does tutoring help support student achievement? In an experiment, a group of college students were randomly divided into two groups: the experimental group received peer tutoring
Medical: Hay Fever A random sample of n1 516 communities in western Kansas gave the following information for people under 25 years of age.x1: Rate of hay fever per 1000 population for people under
Crime Rate: FBI A random sample of n1 510 regions in New England gave the following violent crime rates(per million population).x1: New England Crime Rate 3.5 3.7 4.0 3.9 3.3 4.1 1.8 4.8 2.9 3.1
Generation Gap: Education Education influences attitude and lifestyle. Differences in education are a big factor in the “generation gap.” Is the younger generation really better educated? Large
Survey: Outdoor Activities A Michigan study concerning preference for outdoor activities used a questionnaire with a 6-point Likert-type response in which 1 designated“not important” and 6
Environment: Pollution Index Based on information from The Denver Post, a random sample of n1 512 winter days in Denver gave a sample mean pollution index of x1 5 43. Previous studies show that s1 5
Medical: REM Sleep REM (rapid eye movement) sleep is sleep during which most dreams occur. Each night a person has both REM and non-REM sleep. However, it is thought that children have more REM sleep
Basic Computation: Test p1 2 p2 For one binomial experiment, 200 binomial trials produced 60 successes.For a second independent binomial experiment, 400 binomial trials produced 156 successes. At the
Basic Computation: Test p1 2 p2 For one binomial experiment, 75 binomial trials produced 45 successes.For a second independent binomial experiment, 100 binomial trials produced 70 successes. At the
Basic Computation: Testing μ12 μ2 Two populations have normal distributions. The first has population standard deviation 2 and the second has population standard deviation 3. A random sample of 16
Basic Computation: Testing μ12 μ2 A random sample of 49 measurements from a population with population standard deviation 3 had a sample mean of 10. An independent random sample of 64 measurements
Basic Computation: Testing μ12 μ2 Two populations have mound-shaped, symmetric distributions. A random sample of 16 measurements from the first population had a sample mean of 20, with sample
Basic Computation: Testing μ12 μ2 A random sample of 49 measurements from one population had a sample mean of 10, with sample standard deviation 3.An independent random sample of 64 measurements
Critical Thinking Trinity wanted to determine whether the number of young adult voters (18–25)had a greater concern about climate change than older voters (65 and older). Trinity decides to take a
Critical Thinking Emery wanted to conduct a study to determine whether the average amount of time college students spent online is different than the average amount of time employees working at a
Critical Thinking When conducting a test for the difference of means for two independent populations x1 and x2, what alternate hypothesis would indicate that the mean of the x2 population is larger
Critical Thinking When conducting a test for the difference of means for two independent populations x1 and x2, what alternate hypothesis would indicate that the mean of the x2 population is smaller
Critical Thinking Consider use of a Student’s t distribution to test the difference of means for independent populations using random samples of sizes n1 and n2.(a) Which process gives the larger
Statistical Literacy Consider a hypothesis test of difference of proportions for two independent populations. Suppose random samples produce r1 successes out of n1 trials for the first population and
Statistical Literacy Consider a hypothesis test of difference of proportions for two independent populations. Suppose random samples produce r1 successes out of n1 trials for the first population and
Statistical Literacy Consider a hypothesis test of difference of means for two independent populations x1 and x2. What are two ways of expressing the null hypothesis?AppendixLO1
Statistical Literacy Consider a hypothesis test of difference of means for two independent populations x1 and x2. Suppose that both sample sizes are greater than 30 and that you know s1 but not s2.
Statistical Literacy Consider a hypothesis test of difference of means for two independent populations x1 and x2.(a) What does the null hypothesis say about the relationship between the two
Conclude a statistical test for p1 2 p2.AppendixLO1
Compute the sample test statistics and P-value for tests of p1 2 p2.AppendixLO1
Conclude a statistical test for m1 2m2.AppendixLO1
Compute the sample test statistic and P-value for tests of m1 2m2.AppendixLO1
Explain what is meant by an independent sample.AppendixLO1
Critical Region Method: Student’s t Solve Problem 15 using the critical region method of testing.Compare your conclusions with the conclusion obtained by using the P-value method. Are they the
Critical Region Method: Student’s t Solve Problem 12 using the critical region method of testing.Compare your conclusions with the conclusion obtained by using the P-value method. Are they the
Psychology: Training Rats The same experimental design discussed in Problem 24 was used to test rats trained to climb a sequence of short ladders. Times in seconds for eight rats to perform this task
Psychology: Training Rats The following data are based on information from the Regis University Psychology Department. In an effort to determine if rats perform certain tasks more quickly if offered
Golf: Tournaments Do professional golfers play better in their first round? Let row B represent the score in the fourth (and final) round, and let row A represent the score in the first round of a
Economics: Cost of Living Index In the following data pairs, A represents the cost of living index for utilities and B represents the cost of living index for transportation. The data are paired by
Economics: Cost of Living Index In the following data pairs, A represents the cost of living index for housing and B represents the cost of living index for groceries. The data are paired by
Archaeology: Stone Tools The following is based on information taken from Bandelier Archaeological Excavation Project: Summer 1990 Excavations at Burnt Mesa Pueblo and Casa del Rito, edited by T. A.
Weight Loss: Diet Programs A study was conducted to test the effects of a new diet program to determine if weight loss would occur. The following table is a random sample of 10 volunteers whose
Demographics: Birthrate and Death Rate In the following data pairs, A represents birthrate and B represents death rate per 1000 resident population. The data are paired by counties in the Midwest. A
Wildlife: Wolves In environmental studies, sex ratios are of great importance. Wolf society, packs, and ecology have been studied extensively at different locations in the United States and foreign
Wildlife: Highways The western United States has a number of four-lane interstate highways that cut through long tracts of wilderness. To prevent car accidents with wild animals, the highways are
Ecology: Rocky Mountain National Park The following is based on information taken from Winter Wind Studies in Rocky Mountain National Park by D. E. Glidden (Rocky Mountain Nature Association).At five
Academics: Tutoring A study was conducted to determine whether the effect of college tutoring has the ability of raising students’ grades. A random sample of 10 students was asked to participate in
Fishing: Shore or Boat? Is fishing better from a boat or from the shore? Pyramid Lake is located on the Paiute Indian Reservation in Nevada. Presidents, movie stars, and people who just want to catch
Business: CEO Raises Are America’s top chief executive officers (CEOs) really worth all that money?One way to answer this question is to look at row B, the annual company percentage increase in
Basic Computation: Paired Differences Test For a random sample of 20 data pairs, the sample mean of the differences was 2. The sample standard deviation of the differences was 5. Assume that the
Basic Computation: Paired Differences Test For a random sample of 36 data pairs, the sample mean of the differences was 0.8. The sample standard deviation of the differences was 2. At the 5% level of
Critical Thinking Alisha is conducting a paired differences test for a “before (B score) and after(A score)” situation. She is interested in testing whether the average of the “before” scores
Critical Thinking Ellis wanted to determine whether there is significant evidence a new drug being advertised is helping people sleep longer. If Ellis wanted to conduct a paired difference test using
Critical Thinking Rowan wanted to conduct a test to determine whether there is a difference in the mean hours spent studying between engineering and liberal arts majors. To do this, Rowan surveyed a
Statistical Literacy List the advantages of using paired data to conduct a statistical test.AppendixLO1
Statistical Literacy When using a Student’s t distribution for a paired differences test with n data pairs, what value do you use for the degrees of freedom?AppendixLO1
Statistical Literacy When conducting a paired differences test, what is the value of n?AppendixLO1
Statistical Literacy When testing the difference of means for paired data, what is the null hypothesis?AppendixLO1
Statistical Literacy Consider a set of data pairs. What is the first step in processing the data for a paired differences test? What is the formula for the sample test statistic t? Describe each
Statistical Literacy Are data that can be paired independent or dependent?AppendixLO1
Conclude a statistical test using paired data.AppendixLO1
Estimate the P-value for a statistical test using paired data.AppendixLO1
Compute differences and the sample test statistic for paired data.AppendixLO1
Explain the advantages of paired data tests.AppendixLO1
Explain what is meant by paired data and dependent samples.AppendixLO1
Critical Region Method: Testing Proportions Solve Problem 21 using the critical region method of testing.Hint: See Problem 26. Compare your conclusions with the conclusions obtained by using the
Critical Region Method: Testing Proportions Solve Problem 17 using the critical region method of testing.Hint: See Problem 26. Compare your conclusions with the conclusions obtained by using the
Critical Region Method: Testing Proportions Solve Problem 14 using the critical region method of testing. Since the sampling distribution of ˆp is the normal distribution, you can use critical
Myers–Briggs: Extroverts Are most student government leaders extroverts? According to Myers–Briggs estimates, about 82% of college student government leaders are extroverts (Source:
Medical: Hypertension Diltiazem is a commonly prescribed drug for hypertension (see source in Problem 23). However, diltiazem causes headaches in about 12% of patients using the drug. It is
Medical: Hypertension This problem is based on information taken from The Merck Manual(a reference manual used in most medical and nursing schools). Hypertension is defined as a blood pressure
Supermarket: Prices Harper’s Index reported that 80% of all supermarket prices end in the digit 9 or 5.Suppose you check a random sample of 115 items in a supermarket and find that 88 have prices
Consumers: Product Loyalty USA Today reported that about 47% of the general consumer population in the United States is loyal to the automobile manufacturer of their choice. Suppose Chevrolet did a
Plato’s Dialogues: Prose Rhythm Symposium is part of a larger work referred to as Plato’s Dialogues.Wishart and Leach (see source in Problem 19)found that about 21.4% of five-syllable sequences
Plato’s Republic: Syllable Patterns Prose rhythm is characterized by the occurrence of five-syllable sequences in long passages of text.This characterization may be used to assess the similarity
Fishing: Northern Pike Athabasca Fishing Lodge is located on Lake Athabasca in northern Canada. In one of its recent brochures, the lodge advertises that 75% of its guests catch northern pike over 20
Wildlife: Wolves The following is based on information from The Wolf in the Southwest: The Making of an Endangered Species by David E. Brown(University of Arizona Press). Before 1918, the proportion
Preference: Color What is your favorite color? A large survey of countries, including the United States, China, Russia, France, Turkey, Kenya, and others, indicated that most people prefer the color
College Athletics: Graduation Rate Female athletes at the University of Colorado, Boulder, have a longterm graduation rate of 67% (Source: Chronicle of Higher Education). Over the past several years,
Sociology: Crime Rate Is the national crime rate really going down? Some sociologists say yes! They say that the reason for the decline in crime rates in the 1980s and 1990s is demographics. It seems
College: Depression Is depression a common problem among college students? Research has shown many college students suffer some form of depression due to the stress of school work, finances,
Social Media: Facebook Has the proportion of Facebook accounts decreased worldwide? Many young adults believe that is the case because of several other social media platforms now taking center stage.
Focus Problem: Benford’s Law Again, suppose you are the auditor for a very large corporation. The revenue file contains millions of numbers in a large computer data bank (see Problem 10). You draw
Focus Problem: Benford’s Law Please read the Focus Problem at the beginning of this chapter. Recall that Benford’s Law claims that numbers chosen from very large data files tend to have “1”
Basic Computation: Testing p A random sample of 60 binomial trials resulted in 18 successes. Test the claim that the population proportion of successes exceeds 18%. Use a level of significance of
Basic Computation: Testing p A random sample of 30 binomial trials resulted in 12 successes. Test the claim that the population proportion of successes does not equal 0.50. Use a level of

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