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statistics alive

Questions and Answers of Statistics Alive

10.99 CI versus test Consider the results from the previous exercise.a. Construct a 95% confidence interval to compare the population means.b. Explain what you learn from the confidence interval that
10.100 Breast augmentation and self-esteem A researcher in the College of Nursing, University of Florida, hypothesized that women who undergo breast augmentation surgery would gain an increase in
10.101 Internet use As part of her class project in a statistics course, a student decided to study ways in which her fellow students use the Internet. She randomly sampled 5 of the 165 students in
10.85 Sex roles A study of the effect of the gender of the tester on sex-role differentiation scores13 in Manhattan gave a random sample of preschool children the Occupational Preference Test.
10.84 Test—CI connection In the previous exercise, explain how the result of the 95% confidence interval in part b corresponds to the result of the decision using significance level 0.05 in part c.
10.83 Time spent on Internet In 2014, the General Social Survey asked about the number of hours a week spent on the World Wide Web (variable denoted WWWHR).Some results are as follows:a. Identify the
10.68 Teacher salary, gender, and academic rank The American Association of University Professors (AAUP)reports yearly on faculty salaries for all types of higher education institutions across the
10.69 Family size in Canada The table shows the mean number of children in Canadian families, classified by whether the family was English speaking or French speaking and by whether the family lived
10.70 Heart disease and age In the United States, the median age of residents is lowest in Utah. At each age level, the death rate from heart disease is higher in Utah than in Colorado. Overall, the
10.71 Breast cancer over time The percentage of women who get breast cancer sometime during their lifetime is higher now than in 1900. Suppose that breast cancer incidence tends to increase with age,
10.73 Public versus scientists’ opinions on fracking A Pew Research Center survey of 2002 U.S. adults in August 2014 and a survey of 3748 scientists connected to the American Association for the
10.74 BMI then and now The Centers for Disease Control(www.cdc.gov) periodically administers large randomized surveys to track health of Americans. In a survey of 4431 adults in 2003/2004, 66% were
10.75 Marijuana and gender In a survey conducted by Wright State University, senior high school students were asked if they had ever used marijuana. The table shows results of one analysis, where X
10.76 Gender and belief in afterlife The table shows results from the 2014 General Social Survey on gender and whether one believes in an afterlife.Belief in Afterlife Gender Yes No Total Female 1026
10.77 Belief depend on gender? Refer to the previous exercise.a. Find the standard error of 1pn 1 - pn 22 for a test of H0: p1 = p2.b. For a two-sided test, find the test statistic and P-value and
10.78 Females or males have more close friends? A recent GSS reported that the 486 surveyed females had a mean of 8.3 close friends 1s = 15.62 and the 354 surveyed males had a mean of 8.9 close
10.79 Heavier horseshoe crabs more likely to mate? A study of a sample of horseshoe crabs on a Florida island (J.Brockmann, Ethology, vol. 102, 1996, pp. 1–21) investigated the factors that were
10.80 TV watching and race The 2014 GSS asked about the number of hours you watch TV per day. An analysis that evaluates this by race shows the results (note the codes:1 = Black and 2 = White):a. Do
10.81 Test TV watching by race Refer to the previous exercise.a. Specify the hypotheses that are tested in the output shown.b. Report the value of the test statistic and the P-value.Interpret.c. Make
10.82 Ibuprofen and lifespan Geneticists hypothesized that one reason for a prolonged lifespan observed in yeast cells treated with the common drug ibuprofen stems from inhibiting the uptake of
10.67 Stress at work A study performed in Austria in 2015 addressed the problem of workplace stress by the gender of the worker. Researchers also used the type of working area as a control variable
10.102 TV or rock music a worse influence? In a recent General Social Survey, subjects were asked to respond to the following: “Children are exposed to many influences in their daily lives. What
10.103 Influence of TV and movies Refer to the previous exercise. The GSS also asked about the influence of movies. The responses for these 12 subjects were-1, 1, 0, 2, 0,-2, -1, 0,-1, 1, 1, -1. The
10.122 Guessing on a test A test consists of 100 true-false questions.Joe did not study, and on each question he randomly guesses the correct response. Jane studied a little and has a 0.60 chance of
10.123 Standard error of difference From the box formula for the standard error at the end of Section 10.1, se (estimate 1 estimate 2) = V[se (estimate 1)] + [se (estimate 2)], if you know the se for
10.124 Gap between rich and poor: 32>n margina. For comparisons of groups in which n1 = n2, with common value denoted by n, use the fact that the largest possible value of pn 11 - pn 2 occurs at pn =
10.125 Small-sample CI The small-sample confidence interval for comparing two proportions is a simple adjustment of the large-sample one. Recall that for a small-sample confidence interval for a
10.126 Symmetry of permutation distribution Refer to Example 12, which compared two groups of seven dogs each in terms of their time interacting with their owners.Figure 10.10 showed the sampling
10.127 Null standard error for matched pairs Under the null hypothesis H0: p1 = p2 of equal population proportions, the standard error for the difference in the two sample proportions mentioned in
10.128 Graphing Simpson’s paradox The figure illustrates Simpson’s paradox for Example 18 on the death penalty.For each defendant’s race, the figure plots the percentage receiving the death
Reading the medical literature Refer to Activity 2,which follows, about reading an article in a medical journal. Your instructor will pick a recent article at the website for the British Medical
What was the objective of the study?Medical research makes frequent use of statistical methods shown in this chapter. At British Medical Journal (BMJ) bmj.com on the Internet, pull up the April 19,
Was the study experimental or observational? Summarize the design and the subjects used in the study.Medical research makes frequent use of statistical methods shown in this chapter. At British
Identify response and explanatory variables.Medical research makes frequent use of statistical methods shown in this chapter. At British Medical Journal (BMJ) bmj.com on the Internet, pull up the
According to Table 2 in the article, the 135 subjects in the nutrition counseling group had a baseline mean of 3.67 and standard deviation of 2.00 for the number of portions per day they ate of
j Adjusted for confounding variables, the difference between the change in the mean for the behavioral counseling group and the nutrition counseling group was 0.62. Report and interpret the 95%
According to Table 2, at the baseline for the nutrition counseling group, the proportion of subjects who ate at least five portions a day of fruits and vegetables was 0.267, and this increased by
What were the primary conclusions of the study?Medical research makes frequent use of statistical methods shown in this chapter. At British Medical Journal (BMJ) bmj.com on the Internet, pull up the
10.121 True or false: Control for clinic Suppose there is a higher percentage of successes with Treatment A than with Treatment B at a clinic in Rochester, and there is a higher percentage of
10.120 True or false: Afford food? A 2013 survey by the Pew Research Center asked whether there have been times in the past year the respondent has been unable to afford food. Of advanced economies,
10.119 True or false: Positive values in CI If a 95% confidence interval for 1m1 - m22 contains only positive numbers, then we can conclude that both m1 and m2 are positive.
10.104 Crossover study The table summarizes results of a crossover study to compare results of low-dose and high-dose analgesics for relief of menstrual bleeding(B. Jones and M. Kenward, Statistics
10.105 Belief in ghosts and in astrology A poll by Louis Harris and Associates of 1249 Americans indicated that 36% believe in ghosts and 37% believe in astrology.a. Is it valid to compare the
10.106 Death penalty paradox Exercise 3.58 showed results of another study about the death penalty and race. The data are repeated here.a. Treating victim’s race as the control variable, show that
10.107 Death rate paradoxes The crude death rate is the number of deaths in a year, per size of the population, multiplied by 1000.a. According to the U.S. Bureau of the Census, in 1995 Mexico had a
10.108 Income and gender For a particular Big Ten university, the mean income for male faculty is $8000 higher than the mean income for female faculty. Explain how this difference could disappear:a.
10.109 Student survey Refer to the FL Student Survey data file on the book’s website. Using software, prepare a short report summarizing the use of confidence intervals and significance tests
10.110 Review the medical literature Your instructor will pick a medical topic of interest to the class. Find a recent article of a medical journal that reports results of a research study on that
10.111 Attractiveness and getting dates The results in the table are from a study of physical attractiveness and subjective well-being (E. Diener et al., Journal of Personality and Social Psychology,
10.112 Pay discrimination against women? A Time Magazine article titled “Wal-Mart’s Gender Gap” (July 5, 2004)stated that in 2001 women managers at Wal-Mart earned $14,500 less than their male
10.113 Mean of permutation distribution Refer to Example 11, which compared two doses of a medication in terms of the number of symptom-free days, using a permutation approach. Table 10.13 and Figure
10.114 Treating math anxiety Two new programs were recently proposed at the University of Florida for treating students who suffer from math anxiety. Program A provides counseling sessions, one
10.115 Obesity and earnings An AP story (April 9, 2005) with headline Study: Attractive People Make More stated that “A study concerning weight showed that women who were obese earned 17 percent
10.116 Multiple choice: Alcoholism and gender Suppose that a 99% confidence interval for the difference p1 - p2 between the proportions of men and women in California who are alcoholics equals (0.02,
10.117 Multiple choice: Comparing mean incomes A study compares the population mean annual incomes for Hispanics 1m12 and for whites 1m22 having jobs in construction, using a 95% confidence interval
10.118 Multiple choice: Sample size and significance If the sample proportions in Example 4 comparing cancer death rates for aspirin and placebo had sample sizes of only 1000 each, rather than about
10.129 Describe two limitations of the study, as explained in the sections titled “Representativeness of the sample” and“Limitations of the study.”Medical research makes frequent use of
10.1 Categorical Response:Comparing Two Proportions
10.15 Address global warming You would like to determine what students at your school would be willing to do to help address global warming and the development of alternatively fueled vehicles. To do
10.16 Housework for women and men Do women tend to spend more time on housework than men? If so, how much more? Based on data from the National Survey of Families and Households, one study reported
10.17 More confident about housework Refer to part c in the previous exercise.a. Show that a 99% confidence interval is (10.0, 16.2).b. Explain why this interval is wider than the 95% confidence
10.18 Employment by gender The study described in Exercise 10.16 also evaluated the weekly time spent in employment.This sample comprises men and women with a high level of labor force attachment.
10.19 Ideal number of children In 2014, the GSS asked, “What is the ideal number of children for a family to have?” For those giving a numerical response (and treating the response“7 or more”
10.20 Annual income of CEOs A study analyzes the total annual pay of CEOs (in pounds) for a sample of UK companies over the period 2003–2006 categorized according to the number of compensation
10.21 Bulimia CI A study of bulimia among college women(J. Kern and T. Hastings, Journal of Clinical Psychology, vol. 51, 1995, p. 499) studied the connection between childhood sexual abuse and a
10.22 Empagliflozin and renal function over time A study published in June 2016 in New England Journal of Medicine wanted to determine the long-term renal effects (measured by eGFR: estimated
10.23 Nicotine dependence A study on nicotine dependence for teenage smokers obtained a random sample of seventh graders. The response variable was constructed from a questionnaire called the Hooked
10.24 Inhaling affect HONC? Refer to the previous exercise.a. Show that the test statistic for H0: m1 = m2 equals t = 11.7. If the population means were equal, explain why it would be nearly
10.25 Females or males more nicotine dependent? Refer to Exercise 10.23 about studying nicotine dependence using a random sample of teenagers. Of those seventh graders in the study who had tried
10.26 Female and male monthly smokers Refer to the previous exercise. A subject was called a monthly smoker if he or she had smoked cigarettes over an extended period of time.The 74 female monthly
10.27 Kuwaiti men versus Swedish men The following descriptive statistics were obtained from a study (Saud al-Obaidi et al., Journal of Rehabilitation Research and Development, vol. 40, 2003) that
10.28 Kidnapping in southern and eastern European countries The following data on kidnapping offences in countries of east and south Europe in 2014 were obtained from https://data.unodc.org.(Crime
10.29 Study time A graduate teaching assistant for Introduction to Statistics (STA 2023) at the University of Florida collected data from students in one of her classes in spring 2007 to investigate
10.14 Energy drinks: health risks and toxicity A study was carried out in Saudi Arabia in which 31 male university students (18 overweight/obese and 13 having normal weight) were enrolled from
10.13 Prevalence of allergen-specific IgE antibodies in school children A study was conducted in Japan to estimate the prevalence of allergen-specific IgE antibodies in children. A group of school
10.12 Obama A/B testing To increase Barack Obama’s visibility and to raise money for the campaign leading up to the 2008 presidential election, Obama’s analytics team conducted an A/B test with
10.2 Quantitative Response:Comparing Two Means
10.3 Other Ways of Comparing Means, Including a Permutation Test
10.4 Analyzing Dependent Samples
10.5 Adjusting for the Effects of Other Variables
10.1 Unemployment rate According to the Bureau of Labor Statistics, the official unemployment rate was 10.4%among blacks and 4.7% among whites as of February 2015. (www.bls.gov/).a. Identify the
10.2 Sampling sleep The 2011 Bedroom Sleep poll of a random sample of 1500 adults reported that respondents slept an average of 6.5 hours on weekdays and 7.2 hours on weekends, and that 21% of
10.3 Basic life support knowledge In 2015, a survey of firstyear university students in Brazil was conducted to determine if they knew how to activate the Mobile Emergency Attendance Service (MEAS).
10.4 Smoking and lung obstruction A National Center for Health Statistics data brief published in 2015 (Nr. 181)looked at the association between lung obstruction and smoking status in adults 40 to
10.5 Risky behaviors among HIV positive female sex workers In 2014, questionnaire surveys were administrated among 181 female sex workers in the Yunnan province of China who confirmed themselves to
10.6 Aspirin and heart attacks in Sweden A Swedish study used 1360 patients who had suffered a stroke. The study randomly assigned each subject to an aspirin treatment or a placebo treatment.3 The
10.7 Swedish study test Refer to the previous exercise.a. State the hypotheses that were tested.b. Explain how to interpret the P-value for the test.c. Even though the difference between the sample
10.8 Significance test for aspirin and cancer deaths study In the study for cancer death rates, consider the null hypothesis that the population proportion of cancer deaths p1 for placebo is the same
10.9 Basic life support knowledge and willingness to enroll in a first-aid course. In the study of basic life support knowledge mentioned in Exercise 10.3, 51.1% students from nonbiological subjects
10.10 Comparing marketing commercials Two TV commercials are developed for marketing a new product. A volunteer test sample of 200 people is randomly split into two groups of 100 each. In a
10.11 Hormone therapy for menopause The Women’s Health Initiative conducted a randomized experiment to see whether hormone therapy was helpful for postmenopausal women. The women were randomly
10.30 Gum flavor longevity In a test to determine the flavor longevity of a chewing gum, clients entering a store were asked to participate in an activity. The activity consisted of chewing a certain
10.31 Time spent on social networks As part of a class exercise, an instructor at a major university asks her students how many hours per week they spend on social networks. She wants to investigate
10.32 More time on social networks In the previous exercise, plot the data. Do you see any outliers that could influence the results? Remove the most extreme observation from each group and redo the
10.51 Social activities for students As part of her class project, a student at the University of Florida randomly sampled 10 fellow students to investigate their most common social activities.As
10.52 More social activities Refer to the previous exercise.The output shows the result of comparing the mean responses on parties and sports.a. Explain how to interpret the reported 95% confidence
10.53 Movies versus parties Refer to the previous two exercises.Using software, compare the responses on movies and parties using (a) all steps of a significance test and (b) a 95%confidence
10.54 Mileage of midsized cars The following table lists the fuel economy of 15 midsized cars when driven in the city and when driven on the highway, along with their overall mileage. Their
10.55 Midsized cars’ gas mileage change Refer to the previous exercise. Statistics of the change in the overall performance and the city performance are summarized in the following table:a. Explain
10.56 Internet book prices Anna’s project for her introductory statistics course was to compare the selling prices of textbooks at two Internet bookstores. She first took a random sample of 10

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