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statistics alive

Questions and Answers of Statistics Alive

15.28 Student survey For the FL Student Survey data file on the book’s website, we identify the number of times reading a newspaper as the response variable and gender as the explanatory variable.
15.27 Wilcoxon signed-rank test about the GRE workshop Example 8 on the GRE workshop used the Wilcoxon signed-rank test to evaluate the score differences of 0.5,-0.5, and 1.5. Suppose the test
15.26 Sign test about the GRE workshop In Exercise 15.12 on the effect of a GRE training workshop on the writing, you used the sign test to evaluate the test differences of 0.5, -0.5, and 1.5.
15.25 GPAs The Georgia Student Survey data file has data on college GPA and high school GPA for 59 University of Georgia students.a. If you wanted to use a nonparametric test to check your friend’s
15.24 Browsing the Internet Refer to the Georgia Student Survey data file on the book’s website. Use a method from this chapter to test whether the amount of time spent browsing the Internet is
15.23 Internet versus cell phones For the countries in the Human Development data file on the book’s website, in 4 countries a higher percentage of people used the Internet than used cell phones,
15.22 Comparing therapies for anorexia The Anorexia data file on the book’s website shows weight change for 72 anorexic teenage girls who were randomly assigned to one of three psychological
15.21 Comparing tans Examples 1 and 2 compared two methods of getting a tan. Suppose Allison conducted an expanded experiment in which nine participants were randomly assigned to one of two brands of
15.20 Treating alcoholics The nonparametric statistics textbook by Hollander and Wolfe (1999) discussed a study on a social skills training program for alcoholics. A sample of male alcoholics was
15.19 Telephone holding times In Exercise 15.8, the telephone holding times for Muzak and classical music were Muzak 0, 1, 4, 6, 3 Classical 13, 9, 8, 15, 7a. For comparing these two groups with the
15.18 Comparing smartphone sales Refer to the previous exercise.a. Would the results of your analysis change if the second value under the sales with discount column be 9 instead of 25? What does
15.17 Smartphone sales A smartphone retailer wants to compare the sales of smartphones with and without offering a discount. She wanted to see if the sales increased or not. In an experimental study
15.16 Use all data on cell phones Refer to the previous exercise.When we use the data for all 32 subjects, MINITAB reports result in the following for the Wilcoxon signedranks test.a. State the null
15.15 More on cell phones Refer to Exercise 15.11. That analysis did not take into account the magnitudes of the differences in reaction times. Show how to do this with the Wilcoxon signed-ranks
15.14 More on blood pressure Refer to the previous exercise.The analysis there did not take into account the size of the change in blood pressure. Show how to do this with the Wilcoxon signed-ranks
15.13 Does exercise help blood pressure? Exercise 10.50 in Chapter 10 discussed a pilot study of people who suffer from abnormally high blood pressure. A medical researcher decides to test her belief
15.12 Sign test for GRE scores Consider Example 8, for which the changes in the writing portion GRE scores for the first three people who attended a training workshop were 0.5, -0.5, and 1.5. Show
15.11 Cell phones and reaction times Example 13 in Chapter 10 compared reaction times in a simulated driving test for the same students when they were using a cell phone and when they were not. The
15.10 Tea versus coffee Which of the two beverages do people prefer more—tea or coffee? For the employees surveyed at a company, 24 prefer drinking tea and 30 prefer coffee.Let p denote the
15.9 What’s the best way to learn French? Exercise 14.3 gave the data in the table for scores on the first quiz for ninthgrade students in an introductory-level French course. The instructor
15.8 How long do you tolerate being put on hold?Examples 1–4 and 7 in Chapter 14 referred to the following randomized experiment: An airline analyzed whether telephone callers to their reservations
15.7 Teenage anorexia Previous chapters described a study that used therapy to treat teenage girls who suffered from anorexia. The girls were randomly assigned to the cognitive behavioral treatment
15.6 Trading volumes The following data show the number of shares of General Electric stock traded on Mondays and on Fridays from February through April of 2011. The trading volumes (rounded to the
15.5 Estimating the effect of smoking Refer to the previous exercise. For these data, MINITAB reports:Point estimate for η1 − η2 is −2.00 95.9 Percent CI for η1 − η2 is (−3.30,−0.70)W =
15.4 Body mass reduction and smoking Smoking is a known cause of reduced body mass. To validate this, a researcher randomly selects 7 smokers and 7 nonsmokers and records their individual body mass
15.3 Comparing clinical therapies A clinical psychologist wants to choose between two therapies for treating severe mental depression. She selects six patients who are similar in their depressive
15.2 Test for tanning experiment Refer to the previous exercise. For the actual experiment, suppose the participants using the tanning studio got ranks 1 and 2 and the participants using the tanning
15.1 Tanning experiment Suppose the tanning experiment described in Examples 1 and 2 used only four participants, two for each treatment.a. Show the six possible ways the four ranks could be
14.72 Student survey data Refer to the student survey data file that your class created with Activity 3 in Chapter 1.For variables chosen by your instructor, use ANOVA methods and related inferential
14.71 Three factors An experiment analyzed how the mean corn yield depends on three different fertilizers:Nitrogen (applied at low and high levels), phosphate(applied at low and high levels), and
14.70 Regression or ANOVA? You want to analyze y = house selling price and x = number of bathrooms(1, 2, or 3) by testing whether x and y are independent.a. You could conduct a test of independence
14.69 Independent confidence intervals You plan to construct a 95% confidence interval in five situations with independent data sets.a. Assuming that the results of the confidence intervals are
14.68 Bonferroni multiple comparisons The Bonferroni theorem states that the probability that at least one of a set of events occurs can be no greater than the sum of the separate probabilities of
14.67 Between-subjects estimate This exercise motivates the formula for the between-subjects estimate of the variance in one-way ANOVA. Suppose each population mean equals m (that is, H0 is true) and
14.66 What causes large or small F? An experiment used four groups of five individuals each. The overall sample mean was 60.a. What did the sample means look like if the one-way ANOVA for comparing
14.65 True or false: Interaction For subjects aged under 50, there is little difference in mean annual medical expenses for smokers and nonsmokers. For subjects aged over 50, there is a large
14.64 Multiple choice: Interaction There is interaction in a two-way ANOVA model whena. The two factors are associated.b. Both factors have significant effects in the model without interaction
14.63 Multiple choice: Multiple comparisons For four means, it is planned to construct Tukey 95% multiple comparison confidence intervals for the differences between the six pairs.a. For each
14.62 Multiple choice: ANOVA variability One-way ANOVA provides relatively more evidence that H0: m1 = g= mg is false:a. The smaller the between-groups variation and the larger the within-groups
14.61 Multiple choice: ANOVA/regression similarities Analysis of variance and multiple regression have many similarities. Which of the following is (are) not true?a. ANOVA is analogous to multiple
14.60 Another Simpson paradox The 25 women faculty members in the humanities division of a college have a mean salary of $65,000, whereas the five women faculty in the science division have a mean
14.59 Multiple comparison confidence For four groups, explain carefully the difference between a confidence level of 0.95 for a single comparison of two means and a confidence level of 0.95 for a
14.58 A • B and B • C, but A 3 C? In multiple comparisons following a one-way ANOVA with equal sample sizes, the margin of error with a 95% confidence interval for comparing each pair of means
14.57 Sketch within- and between-groups variability Sketch a dot plot of data for 10 observations in each of three groups such thata. You believe the P-value would be very small for a one-way ANOVA.
14.56 Number of friends and degree Using the GSS website sda.berkeley.edu/GSS, analyze whether the number of good friends (the variable NUMFREND) depends on the subject’s highest degree (the
14.55 Regress TV watching on gender and marital status When we use the 2014 GSS and regress y = number of hours per day watching TV on g = gender(1 = male, 0 = female) and marital status (m1 = 1 for
14.54 Political ideology interaction The first table shown summarizes responses on political ideology (where 1 = extremely liberal and 7 = extremely conservative)from the 2014 GSS by gender and
14.53 Salary and gender The American Association of University Professors (AAUP) reports yearly on faculty salaries for all types of higher education institutions across the United States. Regard
14.52 TV watching by gender and race When we use the 2008 GSS to evaluate how the mean number of hours a day watching TV depends on gender and race, we get the results shown in the ANOVA table that
14.51 Birth weight, age of mother, and smoking A study on the effects of prenatal exposure to smoke (by J. Nigg and N. Breslau, Journal of the American Academy of Child &Adolescent Psychiatry, vol.
14.50 Income, gender, and education According to the U.S.Bureau of the Census, as of March 2009, the average earnings of full-time workers was estimated to be $31,666 for females with high school
14.48 Regress kids on gender and race Refer to the previous exercise. Let f = 1 for females and 0 for males and let r = 1 for blacks and 0 for whites. The regression model for predicting y = ideal
14.47 Ideal number of kids by gender and race The GSS asks,“What is the ideal number of kids for a family?” When we use a recent GSS to evaluate how the mean response depends on gender and race
14.46 House with garage Refer to the House Selling Price OR data file on the book’s website.a. The variable “Garage” included in the dataset is an indicator variable for whether a house has a
14.45 Years of education varies by region? A social scientist compares years of education in four quadrants of a city.To do this, she randomly selects 50 adults from each quadrant of the city. The
14.44 Comparing therapies for anorexia The Anorexia data file on the book’s website shows weight change for 72 anorexic teenage girls who were randomly assigned to one of three psychological
14.43 Georgia political ideology The Georgia Student Survey file on the book’s website asked students their political party affiliation 11 = Democrat, 2 = Republican, 3 = Independent) and their
14.42 Compare segregation means Refer to the previous exercise.a. Using software, find the margin of error that pertains to each comparison, using the Tukey method for 95%multiple comparison
14.41 Segregation by region Studies of the degree of residential racial segregation often use the segregation index. This is the percentage of nonwhites who would have to change the block on which
14.40 Compare bumpers Refer to the previous exercise.a. Find the margin of error for constructing a 95% confidence interval for the difference between any pair of the true means. Interpret by showing
14.39 Comparing auto bumpers A consumer organization compares the sturdiness of three types of front bumpers.In the study, a particular brand of car is driven into a concrete wall at 15 miles per
14.38 Singles watch more TV The 2014 General Social Survey asked 1475 subjects how many hours per day they watched TV, on average. Are there differences in population means according to the marital
14.37 Going to bars and having friends Do people who go to bars and pubs a lot tend to have more friends? A recent GSS asked, “How often do you go to a bar or tavern?”The table shows results of
14.36 Good friends and marital status Is the number of good friends associated with marital status? For GSS data with marital status measured with the categories(married, widowed, divorced,
14.35 Regression of weight gain on diet Refer to the previous exercise.a. Set up indicator variables for protein source and for protein level and specify a regression model with the effects both of
14.34 Diet and weight gain A randomized experiment4 measured weight gain (in grams) of male rats under six diets varying by source of protein (beef, cereal, pork) and level of protein(high, low). Ten
14.33 Attractiveness and getting dates The results in the table are from a study of physical attractiveness and subjective well-being (E. Diener et al., Journal of Personality and Social Psychology,
14.32 Ideology by gender and race Refer to Example 12, the sample means from which are shown again below (for 2008 data).a. Explain how to obtain the following interpretation for the interaction from
14.31 Income by gender and degree In 2012, the population mean hourly wage for males was $17 for high school graduates,$33 for college graduates and $43 for males with more advanced degrees. For
14.30 Wheat crop yield The following table shows the result of fitting the regression model for predicting wheat crop yield with indicator variables for fertilizer level (low: 0, high: 1) and
14.29 Regression for telephone holding times Refer to the previous exercise. Let x1 = 1 for the advertisement and 0 otherwise, x2 = 1 for Muzak and 0 otherwise, and x1 = x2 = 0 for classical music.
14.28 Hang up if recording repeated? Example 2 described an experiment in which telephone callers to an airline were put on hold with an advertisement, Muzak, or classical music in the background.
14.27 Corn and manure In Example 10, the coefficient of the manure-level indicator variable m is 1.96.a. Explain why this coefficient is the estimated difference in mean corn yield between the high
14.26 House prices, age, and bedrooms For the House Selling Prices OR data file on the book’s website, the output shows the result of conducting a two-way ANOVA of house selling prices (in
14.25 Political ideology in 2014 The GSS measures political ideology on a seven-point scale, starting with 1 = extremely liberal, to 4 = moderate, to 7 = extremely conservative. The following table
14.24 Fertilizer main effects For the previous exercise, show a hypothetical set of population means for the four groups that would havea. A dose effect but no fertilizer effect.b. A fertilizer
14.23 Effect of fertilizers An experiment randomly assigns 100 agricultural plots of land to one of four groups of fertilizers:low-dose nitrogen, high-dose nitrogen, low-dose potassium, and high-dose
14.22 Multiple comparison for time on Facebook Refer to Exercise 14.13, which investigated the amount of time freshman, sophomores, juniors, and seniors spent on Facebook while doing schoolwork. The
14.21 French ANOVA Refer to Exercise 14.3 about studying French, with data shown again below. Using software,a. Compare the three pairs of means with separate 95%confidence intervals. Interpret.b.
14.20 Advertising effect on sales Each of 100 restaurants in a fast-food chain is randomly assigned one of four media for an advertising campaign: A = radio, B = TV, C = newspaper, D = mailing. For
14.19 Regression for outsourcing Refer to the previous exercise.a. Set up indicator variables to represent the three service centers.b. The prediction equation is yn = 7.1 + 0.5x1 + 0.7x2, where x1
14.18 Outsourcing satisfaction Exercise 14.5 showed an ANOVA for comparing mean customer satisfaction scores for three service centers. The sample means on a scale of 0 to 10 were 7.60 in San Jose,
14.17 Hamburger sales regression Refer to the previous exercise.a. Set up indicator variables for a regression model so that an F test for the regression parameters is equivalent to the ANOVA test
14.16 Hamburger sales The market research department of a chain of hamburger restaurants wants to compare the mean monthly sales of hamburgers under three different marketing strategies. It randomly
14.15 Tukey holding time comparisons Refer to the previous exercise. We could instead use the Tukey method to construct multiple comparison confidence intervals. The Tukey confidence intervals having
14.14 Comparing telephone holding times Examples 2 and 3 analyzed whether telephone callers to an airline would stay on hold different lengths of time, on average, if they heard (a) an advertisement
14.13 Time on Facebook Do freshmen spent significantly more time on Facebook than other class ranks? A recent study (R. Junco, Journal of Applied Developmental Psychology, 2015, vol. 36, p. 18–29)
14.12 House prices and age For the House Selling Prices OR data file on the book’s website, the output shows the result of conducting an ANOVA comparing mean house selling prices (in $1000) by Age
14.11 Comparing therapies for anorexia The Anorexia data file on the book’s website shows weight change for 72 anorexic teenage girls who were randomly assigned to one of three psychological
14.10 Software and French ANOVA Refer to Exercise 14.3.Using software,a. Create the data file and find the sample means and standard deviations.b. Find and report the ANOVA table. Interpret the
14.9 French cuisine The restaurant guide Zagat compiles customer ratings on the quality of food on a 30-point scale. The data set French Cuisine on the book’s website contains a random sample of
14.8 Smoking and personality A study about smoking and personality (by A. Terracciano and P. Costa, Addiction, vol.99, 2004, pp. 472–481) used a sample of 1638 adults in the Baltimore Longitudinal
14.7 Years of education A recent General Social Survey asked students at an Australian university, “What is the ideal number of years of education for an individual?” Do responses tend to depend
14.6 ANOVA and box plots For two studies, each comparing three groups, the box plots below show results. (Each box plot is based on a random sample of size 40.)a. Judging from the box plots, which
14.5 Outsourcing Example 1 at the beginning of this chapter mentioned a study to compare customer satisfaction at service centers in San Jose, California; Toronto, Canada;and Bangalore, India. Each
14.4 What affects the F value? Refer to the previous exercise.a. Suppose that the first observation in the second group was actually 9, not 1. Then the standard deviations are the same as reported in
14.3 What’s the best way to learn French? The following table shows scores on the first quiz (maximum score 10 points) for eighth-grade students in an introductory level French course. The
14.2 Satisfaction with banking A bank conducts a survey in which it randomly samples 400 of its customers. The survey asks the customers which way they use the bank the most: (1) interacting with a
14.1 Restaurant satisfaction The CEO of a company that owns six restaurants wants to evaluate and compare visitor satisfaction across all six restaurants. The company’s research department randomly
13.93 When is p = 0.50? When a + bx = 0, so that x = -a>b, show that the logistic regression equation p = ea + bx> 11 + ea + bx2 gives p = 0.50.

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