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statistics alive

Questions and Answers of Statistics Alive

10.57 Comparing book prices 2 For the data in the previous exercise, use software or a calculator to perform a significance test comparing the population mean prices.Show all steps of the test and
10.58 Lung capacity revisited Refer to Exercise 10.34 about measuring the lung function (called the forced vital capacity, or FVC, measured in liters) before and after using an inhaler. The data are
10.59 Comparing speech recognition systems Table 10.20 in Example 17, repeated here, showed results of an experiment comparing the results of two speech recognition systems, GMDS and CDHMM.CDHMM GMDS
10.60 Treat juveniles as adults? The table that follows refers to a sample of juveniles convicted of a felony in Florida.Matched pairs were formed using criteria such as age and the number of prior
10.61 Change coffee brand? A study was conducted to see if an advertisement campaign would increase market share for Sanka instant decaffeinated coffee (R. Grover and V.Srinivasan, J. Marketing
10.62 President’s popularity Last month a random sample of 1000 subjects was interviewed and asked whether they thought the president was doing a good job. This month the same subjects were asked
10.63 Marital status and life insurance Adult males participating in a poll were asked whether they were married and whether they had subscribed to a life insurance policy. Of all the respondents,
10.64 Marital status and life insurance by age Refer to the previous exercise. Results in this poll also depended strongly on the age of the respondents. For instance, the percentages of respondents
10.65 Benefits of drinking A USA Today story (May 22, 2010) about the medical benefits of moderate drinking of alcohol stated that a major French study links those who drink moderately to a lower
10.50 Test for blood pressure Refer to the previous exercise.The output shows some results of using software to analyze the data with a significance test. Paired T for Before-After Before After
10.49 Does exercise help blood pressure? Several recent studies have suggested that people who suffer from abnormally high blood pressure can benefit from regular exercise. A medical researcher
10.48 Sampling distribution of x1 - x2 Refer to Example 12, which compared two groups of seven dogs each in terms of their time interacting with their owners. The following graph shows a smoothed
10.33 Normal assumption The methods of this section make the assumption of a normal population distribution. Why do you think this is more relevant for small samples than for large samples? (Hint:
10.34 Vital capacity One of the authors of this book has his lung function checked every other year. At each checkup, his lung volume (called the forced vital capacity, or FVC)is measured before and
10.35 Body dissatisfaction Female college student participation in athletics has increased dramatically over the past few decades. Sports medicine providers are aware of some unique health concerns
10.36 Body dissatisfaction test Refer to the previous exercise.a. Find the P-value for testing whether the population means are equal. Use a two-sided alternative.b. Summarize assumptions for the
10.37 Surgery versus placebo for knee pain Refer to Example 10, “Arthroscopic Surgery.” Here we show MINITAB output comparing mean knee pain scores for the placebo (Group 1) to lavage
10.38 Comparing clinical therapies A clinical psychologist wants to choose between two therapies for treating severe cases of mental depression. She selects six patients who are similar in their
10.39 Clinical therapies 2 Refer to the previous exercise.a. For the null hypothesis, H0: m1 = m2, show that t = 2.62 and the two-sided P@value = 0.059. Interpret.b. What decision would you make in
10.40 Vegetarians more liberal? When a sample of social science graduate students at the University of Florida gave their responses on political ideology (ranging from 1 = very liberal to 7 = very
10.41 Teeth whitening results One scientific “test of whiteness”tested the effect of a self applied tooth-whitening peroxide gel system in a randomized, controlled clinical trial.9 The 58 adults
10.42 Permuting therapies Refer to Exercise 10.38, which compared two therapies for depression patients. Suppose that in a different experiment, only four patients took part; two were randomly
10.43 Permutations equally likely Refer to the previous exercise comparing improvement scores under two therapies for depression patients.a. State the null hypothesis of equal population
10.44 Two-sided permutation P-value Refer to the previous exercise and the sampling distribution mentioned there.What is the permutation P-value for the two-sided test with alternative hypothesis
10.45 Time spent on social networks revisited Exercise 10.31 considered the following data on the number of hours students spent on social network sites per week:Males: 5, 7, 9, 10, 12, 12, 12, 13,
10.46 Compare permutation test to t test Refer to the previous exercise.a. Run a t test and report the P-value for the two-sided alternative hypothesis.b. Using a significance level of 0.10, are the
10.47 Dominance of politicians For a rating experiment, researchers translated short video clips of randomly selected speeches by 30 male and 30 female politicians into animated, gender-neutral
10.66 Death penalty in Kentucky A study of the death penalty in Kentucky reported the results shown in the table. (Source:Data from T. Keil and G. Vito, Amer. J. Criminal Justice, vol. 20, 1995, pp.
10.67 Stress at work A study performed in Austria in 2015 addressed the problem of workplace stress by the gender of the worker. Researchers also used the type of working area as a control variable
10.86 How often do you feel sad? A recent General Social Survey asked, “How many days in the past seven days have you felt sad?” Software comparing results for men and women who responded showed
10.89 Teenage anorexia Example 8 in Section 9.3 described a study that used a cognitive behavioral therapy to treat a sample of teenage girls who suffered from anorexia. The study observed the mean
10.91 Surgery versus placebo for knee pain Refer to Example 10 on whether arthroscopic surgery is better than placebo. The following table shows the pain scores one year after surgery. Using software
10.93 Anorexia again Refer to Exercise 10.89, comparing mean weight changes in anorexic girls for cognitive behavioral therapy and a control group. The MINITAB output shows results of doing analyses
10.83 Time spent on Internet In 2014, the General Social Survey asked about the number of hours a week spent on the World Wide Web (variable denoted WWWHR).Some results are as follows:a. Identify the
10.68 Teacher salary, gender, and academic rank The American Association of University Professors (AAUP)reports yearly on faculty salaries for all types of higher education institutions across the
10.69 Family size in Canada The table shows the mean number of children in Canadian families, classified by whether the family was English speaking or French speaking and by whether the family lived
10.79 Heavier horseshoe crabs more likely to mate? A study of a sample of horseshoe crabs on a Florida island (J.Brockmann, Ethology, vol. 102, 1996, pp. 1–21) investigated the factors that were
10.80 TV watching and race The 2014 GSS asked about the number of hours you watch TV per day. An analysis that evaluates this by race shows the results (note the codes:1 = Black and 2 = White):a. Do
10.101 Internet use As part of her class project in a statistics course, a student decided to study ways in which her fellow students use the Internet. She randomly sampled 5 of the 165 students in
10.102 TV or rock music a worse influence? In a recent General Social Survey, subjects were asked to respond to the following: “Children are exposed to many influences in their daily lives. What
10.103 Influence of TV and movies Refer to the previous exercise. The GSS also asked about the influence of movies. The responses for these 12 subjects were-1, 1, 0, 2, 0,-2, -1, 0,-1, 1, 1, -1. The
10.123 Standard error of difference From the box formula for the standard error at the end of Section 10.1, se (estimate 1 estimate 2) = V[se (estimate 1)] + [se (estimate 2)], if you know the se for
10.127 Null standard error for matched pairs Under the null hypothesis H0: p1 = p2 of equal population proportions, the standard error for the difference in the two sample proportions mentioned in
10.128 Graphing Simpson’s paradox The figure illustrates Simpson’s paradox for Example 18 on the death penalty.For each defendant’s race, the figure plots the percentage receiving the death
10.104 Crossover study The table summarizes results of a crossover study to compare results of low-dose and high-dose analgesics for relief of menstrual bleeding(B. Jones and M. Kenward, Statistics
10.106 Death penalty paradox Exercise 3.58 showed results of another study about the death penalty and race. The data are repeated here.a. Treating victim’s race as the control variable, show that
10.111 Attractiveness and getting dates The results in the table are from a study of physical attractiveness and subjective well-being (E. Diener et al., Journal of Personality and Social Psychology,
10.54 Mileage of midsized cars The following table lists the fuel economy of 15 midsized cars when driven in the city and when driven on the highway, along with their overall mileage. Their
10.18 Employment by gender The study described in Exercise 10.16 also evaluated the weekly time spent in employment.This sample comprises men and women with a high level of labor force attachment.
10.19 Ideal number of children In 2014, the GSS asked, “What is the ideal number of children for a family to have?” For those giving a numerical response (and treating the response“7 or more”
10.20 Annual income of CEOs A study analyzes the total annual pay of CEOs (in pounds) for a sample of UK companies over the period 2003–2006 categorized according to the number of compensation
10.12 Obama A/B testing To increase Barack Obama’s visibility and to raise money for the campaign leading up to the 2008 presidential election, Obama’s analytics team conducted an A/B test with
10.55 Midsized cars’ gas mileage change Refer to the previous exercise. Statistics of the change in the overall performance and the city performance are summarized in the following table:a. Explain
10.6 Aspirin and heart attacks in Sweden A Swedish study used 1360 patients who had suffered a stroke. The study randomly assigned each subject to an aspirin treatment or a placebo treatment.3 The
10.50 Test for blood pressure Refer to the previous exercise.The output shows some results of using software to analyze the data with a significance test. Paired T for Before-After Before After
10.51 Social activities for students As part of her class project, a student at the University of Florida randomly sampled 10 fellow students to investigate their most common social activities.As
10.52 More social activities Refer to the previous exercise.The output shows the result of comparing the mean responses on parties and sports.a. Explain how to interpret the reported 95% confidence
10.54 Mileage of midsized cars The following table lists the fuel economy of 15 midsized cars when driven in the city and when driven on the highway, along with their overall mileage. Their
10.55 Midsized cars’ gas mileage change Refer to the previous exercise. Statistics of the change in the overall performance and the city performance are summarized in the following table:a. Explain
10.61 Change coffee brand? A study was conducted to see if an advertisement campaign would increase market share for Sanka instant decaffeinated coffee (R. Grover and V.Srinivasan, J. Marketing
10.48 Sampling distribution of x1 - x2 Refer to Example 12, which compared two groups of seven dogs each in terms of their time interacting with their owners. The following graph shows a smoothed
10.47 Dominance of politicians For a rating experiment, researchers translated short video clips of randomly selected speeches by 30 male and 30 female politicians into animated, gender-neutral
10.129 Describe two limitations of the study, as explained in the sections titled “Representativeness of the sample” and“Limitations of the study.”Medical research makes frequent use of
What were the primary conclusions of the study?Medical research makes frequent use of statistical methods shown in this chapter. At British Medical Journal (BMJ) bmj.com on the Internet, pull up the
According to Table 2, at the baseline for the nutrition counseling group, the proportion of subjects who ate at least five portions a day of fruits and vegetables was 0.267, and this increased by
j Adjusted for confounding variables, the difference between the change in the mean for the behavioral counseling group and the nutrition counseling group was 0.62. Report and interpret the 95%
According to Table 2 in the article, the 135 subjects in the nutrition counseling group had a baseline mean of 3.67 and standard deviation of 2.00 for the number of portions per day they ate of
Identify response and explanatory variables.Medical research makes frequent use of statistical methods shown in this chapter. At British Medical Journal (BMJ) bmj.com on the Internet, pull up the
Was the study experimental or observational? Summarize the design and the subjects used in the study.Medical research makes frequent use of statistical methods shown in this chapter. At British
What was the objective of the study?Medical research makes frequent use of statistical methods shown in this chapter. At British Medical Journal (BMJ) bmj.com on the Internet, pull up the April 19,
Reading the medical literature Refer to Activity 2,which follows, about reading an article in a medical journal. Your instructor will pick a recent article at the website for the British Medical
10.126 Symmetry of permutation distribution Refer to Example 12, which compared two groups of seven dogs each in terms of their time interacting with their owners.Figure 10.10 showed the sampling
10.125 Small-sample CI The small-sample confidence interval for comparing two proportions is a simple adjustment of the large-sample one. Recall that for a small-sample confidence interval for a
10.124 Gap between rich and poor: 32>n margina. For comparisons of groups in which n1 = n2, with common value denoted by n, use the fact that the largest possible value of pn 11 - pn 2 occurs at pn =
10.122 Guessing on a test A test consists of 100 true-false questions.Joe did not study, and on each question he randomly guesses the correct response. Jane studied a little and has a 0.60 chance of
10.121 True or false: Control for clinic Suppose there is a higher percentage of successes with Treatment A than with Treatment B at a clinic in Rochester, and there is a higher percentage of
10.120 True or false: Afford food? A 2013 survey by the Pew Research Center asked whether there have been times in the past year the respondent has been unable to afford food. Of advanced economies,
10.119 True or false: Positive values in CI If a 95% confidence interval for 1m1 - m22 contains only positive numbers, then we can conclude that both m1 and m2 are positive.
10.118 Multiple choice: Sample size and significance If the sample proportions in Example 4 comparing cancer death rates for aspirin and placebo had sample sizes of only 1000 each, rather than about
10.117 Multiple choice: Comparing mean incomes A study compares the population mean annual incomes for Hispanics 1m12 and for whites 1m22 having jobs in construction, using a 95% confidence interval
10.116 Multiple choice: Alcoholism and gender Suppose that a 99% confidence interval for the difference p1 - p2 between the proportions of men and women in California who are alcoholics equals (0.02,
10.115 Obesity and earnings An AP story (April 9, 2005) with headline Study: Attractive People Make More stated that “A study concerning weight showed that women who were obese earned 17 percent
10.114 Treating math anxiety Two new programs were recently proposed at the University of Florida for treating students who suffer from math anxiety. Program A provides counseling sessions, one
10.113 Mean of permutation distribution Refer to Example 11, which compared two doses of a medication in terms of the number of symptom-free days, using a permutation approach. Table 10.13 and Figure
10.112 Pay discrimination against women? A Time Magazine article titled “Wal-Mart’s Gender Gap” (July 5, 2004)stated that in 2001 women managers at Wal-Mart earned $14,500 less than their male
10.110 Review the medical literature Your instructor will pick a medical topic of interest to the class. Find a recent article of a medical journal that reports results of a research study on that
10.109 Student survey Refer to the FL Student Survey data file on the book’s website. Using software, prepare a short report summarizing the use of confidence intervals and significance tests
10.108 Income and gender For a particular Big Ten university, the mean income for male faculty is $8000 higher than the mean income for female faculty. Explain how this difference could disappear:a.
10.107 Death rate paradoxes The crude death rate is the number of deaths in a year, per size of the population, multiplied by 1000.a. According to the U.S. Bureau of the Census, in 1995 Mexico had a
10.105 Belief in ghosts and in astrology A poll by Louis Harris and Associates of 1249 Americans indicated that 36% believe in ghosts and 37% believe in astrology.a. Is it valid to compare the
10.100 Breast augmentation and self-esteem A researcher in the College of Nursing, University of Florida, hypothesized that women who undergo breast augmentation surgery would gain an increase in
10.99 CI versus test Consider the results from the previous exercise.a. Construct a 95% confidence interval to compare the population means.b. Explain what you learn from the confidence interval that
10.98 Effect of alcoholic parents A study14 compared personality characteristics between 49 children of alcoholics and a control group of 49 children of nonalcoholics who were matched on age and
10.97 Which tire is better? A tire manufacturer believes that a new tire it is introducing (Brand A) will have longer wear than the comparable tire (Brand B) sold by its main competitor.To get
10.96 Improving employee evaluations Each of a random sample of 10 customer service representatives from a large department store chain answers a questionnaire about how they respond to various
10.95 Australian cell phone use In Western Australia, handheld cell phone use while driving has been banned since 2001, but hands-free devices are legal. A study (published in the British Medical
10.94 Breast-feeding helps IQ? A Danish study of individuals born at a Copenhagen hospital between 1959 and 1961 reported higher mean IQ scores for adults who were breast-fed for longer lengths of
10.92 More knee pain Refer to the previous exercise.Compare the placebo to the debridement group using a significance test. State the assumptions and explain how to interpret the P-value.
10.90 Equal pay in sports? The following data refer to a random sample of prize money earned by male and female skiers racing in the 2014/2015 FIS world cup season (in Swiss Franc).Males: 89000,
10.88 Car bumper damage An automobile company compares two types of front bumpers for its new model by driving sample cars into a concrete wall at 20 miles per hour. The response is the amount of

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