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systems analysis and design
Questions and Answers of
Systems Analysis And Design
Charge-Storage Device ( )A capacitor is a two-terminal device that can store electric charge. In a linear capacitor the amount of charge stored is proportional to the voltage across the device. For a
AC to DC Converter ( )A manufacturer’s data sheet for the converter in Figure P1–29 states that the output voltage is vdc ¼ 5 V when the input voltage vac ¼ 120 V. When the load draws a current
Power Ratio (PR) in dB ( )Astereo amplifier takes the output of a CD player, for example, and increases the power to an audible level. Suppose the output of the CD player is 50mWand the desired
Using the passive sign convention, the voltage across a device is v(t) ¼ 170 cos(377t) V and the current through the device is i(t) 2 sin(377t) A. Using MATLAB, create a short script (m-file) to
Repeat Problem 1–22 using MATLAB to perform the calculations. Create a vector for the voltage values, v ¼[15 5 10 10 20 20 ], and a vector for the current values,i¼[1 1 2 1 3 2].Compute the
For t 0 the voltage across and power absorbed by a twoterminal device are v(t) ¼ 2et V and p(t) ¼ 40e2t mW. Find the total charge delivered to the device for t 0.AppendixLO1
Suppose in Figure P1–22 a ground is connected to the minus () side of element 6 and another to the junction of elements 2, 3 and 4. Further, assume that the voltage v4 is 5 V and v1 is 10 V. What
Figure P1–22 shows an electric circuit with a voltage and a current variable assigned to each of the six devices. Use power balance to find v4 when v1 ¼ 20 V, i1 ¼2 A, p2 ¼ 20 W, p3 ¼ 10 W, i4
Figure P1–22 shows an electric circuit with a voltage and a current variable assigned to each of the six devices. The device voltages and currents are observed to be v (V) i (A) v (V) i (A)Device 1
Two electrical devices are connected as shown in Figure P1–21. Using the reference marks shown in the figure, find the power transferred and state whether the power is transferred from A to B or B
Traffic lights are being converted from incandescent bulbs to LED arrays to save operating and maintenance costs.Typically each incandescent light uses three 100-W bulbs, one for each color R, Y, G.
The maximum power a device can dissipate is 0.25 W.Determine the maximum current allowed by the device power rating when the voltage is 9 V.AppendixLO1
A new 6 V Alkaline lantern battery delivers 237.5 kJ of energy during its lifetime. How long will the battery last in an application that draws 15 mA continuously. Assume the battery voltage is
When illuminated the i-v relationship for a photocell is i¼ev10 A. For v¼2, 2 and 3Vfind the device power and state whether it is absorbing or delivering power.AppendixLO1
A string of holiday lights is protected by a 5-A fuse and has 25 bulbs, each of which is rated at 7 W. How many strings can be connected end-to-end across a 120 V circuit without blowing a
The current through a device is zero for t < 0 and is i(t) ¼3e2t A for t 0. Find the charge q(t) flowing through the device for t 0.AppendixLO1
An incandescent lamp absorbs 100 W when connected to a 120-V source. A energy-efficient compact fluorescent lamp(CFL) producing the same amount of light absorbs 16 W when connected to the same
The 12-V automobile battery in Figure P1–13 has an output capacity of 100 ampere-hours (Ah) when connected to a head lamp that absorbs 200 watts of power. The car engine is not running and
The charge flowing through a device is q(t) ¼ 1 e1000t mC. How long will it take the current to reach 200 mA?AppendixLO1
For 0 t 5 s, the current through a device is i(t) ¼ 4t A.For 5 < t 10 s, the current is i(t) ¼ 40 4t A, and i(t) ¼0 A for t > 10 s. Sketch i(t) versus time and find the total charge
A cell-phone charger outputs 9.6 V and is protected by a 50 mA fuse. A 1.5 W cell phone is connected to it to be charged. Will the fuse blow?AppendixLO1
The net negative charge flowing through a device varies as q(t) ¼ 3t2 C. Find the current through the device at t ¼ 0 s, t ¼ 0.5 s, and t ¼ 1 s.AppendixLO1
Figure P1–8 shows a plot of the net positive charge flowing in a wire versus time. Sketch the corresponding current during the same period of time.AppendixLO1 Charge (C) 30 20 10- 1 2 3 4 5 6 Time
The net positive charge flowing through a device is q(t) ¼20 þ 4t mC. Find the current through the device.AppendixLO1
A wire carries a constant current of 30 mA. How many coulombs flow past a given point in the wire in 5 s?AppendixLO1
Fill in the blanks in the following statements.(a) To convert capacitance from picofarads to microfarads, multiply by ___.(b) To convert resistance from megohms to kilohms, multiply by ___.(c) To
Electric power companies measure energy consumption in kilowatt-hours, denoted kWh. One kilowatt-hour is the amount of energy transferred by 1 kW of power in a period of 1 hour. A power company
An ampere-hour (Ah) meter measures the time-integral of the current in a conductor. During an 8-hour period, a certain meter records 3300 Ah. Find the number of coulombs that flowed through the meter
Express the following quantities to the nearest standard prefix using no more than three digits.(a) 0.000222 H(b) 20.5 105 J(c) 72.25 l03 C(d) 3,264 V AppendixLO1
Express the following quantities to the nearest standard prefix using no more than three digits.(a) 1,000,000 Hz(b) 102.5 109 W(c) 0.333 107 s(d) 10 1012 F AppendixLO1
14–72 Crystal Filters Although not an active filter, crystal (Quartz) filters are very high-Q filters. Some can have Q’s approaching 100,000. High Q means high selectivity; hence, crystal filters
14–71 Biquad Filter A biquad filter has the unique properties of having the ability to alter the filter’s parameters, namely, gain K, quality factor Q, and resonant frequency ω0. This is done in
14–70 Notch Filter Comparison To eliminate an interfering signal at 10 krad/s on a new product design, your consulting firm needs to purchase a notch filter with the following specifications:Center
14–69 Third-Order Butterworth Circuit Show that the circuit in Figure P14–69 produces a third-order Butterworth low-pass filter with a cutoff frequency ofωC =1=RC and a passband gain of K = 4.
14–67 What’s a High-Pass Filter Ten years after earning a BSEE, you return for a master’s degree and sign on as the laboratory instructor for the basic circuit analysis course. One experiment
14–66 Modifying an Existing Circuit One of your company’s products includes the passive RLC filter and OP AMP buffer circuit in Figure P14–66. The supplier of the inductor is no longer in
14–65 Design Evaluation A need exists for a third-order Butterworth low-pass filter with a cutoff frequency of 2 krad and a dc gain of 0 dB. The design department has proposed the circuit in Figure
14–64 Bessel Filter Bessel filters are in the category of maximally flat filters similar to Butterworth but have a critically damped time-domain response similar to a First-Order Cascade filter.
14–62 An amplified portion of the radio spectrum is shown in Figure P14–61. You want to select the signal at 1.31 MHz, but it is barely above the background noise.Design a tuned filter that has a
14–61 An amplified portion of the radio spectrum is shown in Figure P14–61. You need to hear all of the signals from 1.0 to 2.0 MHz, but there is an interfering signal at 1.8 MHz. Design a notch
14–60 You are working at an aircraft manufacturing plant on an altitude sensor that eventually will be used to retrofit dozens of similar sensors on an upgrade to a current airframe.You are
14–59 A certain instrumentation system for a new hybrid car needs a bandpass filter to limit its output bandwidth prior to digitization. The filter must meet the following specifications:Two
14–58 Design an active high-pass filter to meet the specification in Problem 14–54. Use Multisim to verify that your design meets the specifications.
14–57 Design an active high-pass filter to meet the specification in Problem 14–53. Use Multisim to verify that your design meets the specifications.
14–56 Design an active high-pass filter to meet the specification in Problem 14–52. Use Multisim to verify that your design meets the specifications.
14–55 Design an active high-pass filter to meet the specification in Problem 14–51. Use Multisim to verify that your design meets the specifications.
Construct the lowest order, high-pass transfer functions that meet the following filter specifications. Calculate the gain (in dB) of the transfer function at ω = ωC and ωMIN. Use MATLAB to
Construct the lowest order, high-pass transfer functions that meet the following filter specifications. Calculate the gain (in dB) of the transfer function at ω = ωC and ωMIN. Use MATLAB to
Construct the lowest order, high-pass transfer functions that meet the following filter specifications. Calculate the gain (in dB) of the transfer function at ω = ωC and ωMIN. Use MATLAB to
Construct the lowest order, high-pass transfer functions that meet the following filter specifications. Calculate the gain (in dB) of the transfer function at ω = ωC and ωMIN. Use MATLAB to
14–50 A100 kHz square wave must be bandwidth-limited by attenuating all harmonics after the third. Design a lowpass filter that attenuates the fifth harmonic and greater by at least 20 dB. The
14–49 A strong signal at 2.45 MHz is interfering with an AM signal at 980 kHz. Design a filter that will attenuate the undesired signal by at least 60 dB. Verify your design using Multisim.
14–48 A pesky signal at 80 kHz is interfering with a desired signal at 20 kHz.Acareful analysis suggests that reducing the interfering signal by 65 dB will eliminate the problem, provided the
14–47 Design a low-pass filter with 10 dB passband gain, a cutoff frequency of 10 kHz, and a stopband gain of less than−20 dB at 20 kHz. Overshoot is not a problem, but a low filter order, least
14–46 Design a low-pass filter with 0 dB passband gain, a cutoff frequency of 4 kHz, and a stopband gain of less than−50 dB at 16 kHz. The filter must not have an overshoot greater than 13%.
14–45 Design a low-pass filter with 6 dB passband gain, a cutoff frequency of 2 kHz, and a stopband gain of less than−14 dB at 6 kHz. The filter must not have an overshoot greater than 13%.
14–44 A low-pass filter is needed to suppress the harmonics in a periodic waveform with f0 = 1 kHz. The filter must have unity passband gain, less than −60 dB gain at the third harmonic, and less
14–43 Design an active low-pass filter to meet the specification in Problem 14–38. Use Multisim to verify that your design meets the specifications.
14–42 Design an active low-pass filter to meet the specification in Problem 14–37. Use Multisim to verify that your design meets the specifications.
14–41 Design an active low-pass filter to meet the specification in Problem 14–36. Use Multisim to verify that your design meets the specifications.
14–40 Design an active low-pass filter to meet the specification in Problem 14–35. Use Multisim to verify that your design meets the specifications.
14–39 Design an active low-pass filter to meet the specification in Problem 14–34. Use Multisim to verify that your design meets the specifications.
construct the lowest-order transfer functions that meet the following low-pass filter specifications.Calculate the gain (in dB) of the transfer function atω = ωC and ωMIN. Use MATLAB to validate
construct the lowest-order transfer functions that meet the following low-pass filter specifications.Calculate the gain (in dB) of the transfer function atω = ωC and ωMIN. Use MATLAB to validate
construct the lowest-order transfer functions that meet the following low-pass filter specifications.Calculate the gain (in dB) of the transfer function atω = ωC and ωMIN. Use MATLAB to validate
construct the lowest-order transfer functions that meet the following low-pass filter specifications.Calculate the gain (in dB) of the transfer function atω = ωC and ωMIN. Use MATLAB to validate
construct the lowest-order transfer functions that meet the following low-pass filter specifications.Calculate the gain (in dB) of the transfer function atω = ωC and ωMIN. Use MATLAB to validate
14–33 A local AM radio station has an undesirable signal at 850 kHz. Design a notch filter to remove it.The notch should attenuate at least 40 dB and have a bandwidth no wider than 8.5 kHz and a
14–17 The transfer functions of three different second-order low-pass filter design approaches shown in Figure P14–17 are as follows:The filter specifications are a cutoff frequency of 100 krad/s
14–16 Design a second-order high-pass filter with a cutoff frequency of 150 kHz, a ζ of 0.01, and a gain of 20 dB.Usethe unity-gainapproach.UseMultisimto verify your design.
14–15 Design a second-order high-pass filter with a cutoff frequency of 150 kHz, a ζ of 0.01, and a gain of 20 dB. Use the equal-element approach. Use Multisim to verify your design.
14–14 Design a second-order low-pass filter with a cutoff frequency of 1 kHz, a ζ of 0.5, and a gain of 100. Use the unitygain approach. Use Multisim to verify your design.
14–13 Design a second-order low-pass filter with a cutoff frequency of 1 kHz, a ζ of 0.5, and a gain of 100. Use the equal-element approach. Use Multisim to verify your design.
14–12 The active filter in Figure P14–12 has a transfer function of the formSelect values of R and C so that the filter has an ω0 of 377 rad/s. Use Multisim to plot the filter’s Bode magnitude
14–11 Find the transfer function of the active filter in Figure P14–11. Then using R1 =R2 =10 kΩ, R3 =20 kΩ, andC1 =C2 =0:01 μF, findthefilter’s typeandroll-off, its cutoff frequency, and
14–10 Show that the active filter in Figure P14–10 has a transfer function of the formUsing R1 =R2 =R, develop a method of selecting values for C1, C2, and R. Then select values so that the
The circuit in Figure 14–9(b) has a high-pass transfer function given in Eq. (14–11) and repeated belowIn Section 14–2, we developed equal-element and unity-gain design methods for this
14–8 For the filter in Figure P14–6, replace the three resistors with three capacitors, maintaining the same subscripts, and the two capacitors with two resistors, again maintaining the same
14–7 Find the transfer function of the active filter in Figure P14–7. Then using R1 =50 kΩ, R2 =2 kΩ, and C1 =C2 =0:1 μF, find the filter’s type and roll-off, its cutoff frequency, and its
14–6 Find the transfer function of the active filter in Figure P14–6. Then using R1 =R2 =R3 =10 kΩ, C1 =0:1 μF, and C2 =4:444 pF, find the filter’s type and roll-off, its cutoff
14–5 The circuit in Figure 14–3(b) has a low-pass transfer function given in Eq. (14–6) and repeated belowIn Section 14–2, we developed equal-element and unity-gain design methods for this
14–4 Find the transfer function of the active filter in Figure P14–4.Using C1 =C2 =C =0:1 μF, R1 =10 kΩ, and R2 =10MΩ, use MATLABto plot the filter’s Bode diagram. Determine the type of
14–3 Show that the circuit in Figure 14–17 has the bandstop transfer function in Eq. (14–20).
14–2 Show that the circuit in Figure 14–14 has the bandpass transfer function in Eq. (14–16).
14–1 Interchanging the positions of the resistors and capacitors converts the low-pass filter in Figure 14–3(a) into the high-pass filter in Figure 14–9(a). This CR–RC interchange involves
Develop Butterworth low-pass and high-pass transfer functions whose parallel connection produces a bandstop filter with cutoff frequencies at 2 and 800 rad=s, passband gains of 20 dB, and stopband
Construct Butterworth low-pass and high-pass transfer functions whose cascade connection produces a bandpass function with cutoff frequencies at 20 and 500 rad=s, a passband gain of 0 dB, and a
Use second-order Butterworth low-pass and high-pass functions to obtain a fourthorder bandstop function with passband gains of 0 dB and cutoff frequencies atωC1 = 10 rad=s and ωC2 =50 rad=s. Use
Use second-order Butterworth low-pass and high-pass functions to obtain a fourthorder bandpass function with a passband gain of 0 dB and cutoff frequencies atωC1 = 10 rad=s and ωC2 = 50 rad=s. Use
Construct Butterworth and Chebyshev high-pass transfer functions that meet the following requirements: TMAX = 10 dB,ωC = 50 rad=s,TMIN = −40 dB, and ωMIN = 10 rad=s.
Construct a Chebyshev high-pass transfer function that meets the requirements of Example 14–11. That is, TMAX = 20 dB, ωC = 10 rad=s, TMIN = −10 dB, andωMIN = 3 rad=s. Use MATLAB to plot the
Repeat Exercise 14–15, but design a Butterworth high-pass filter using the unity gain configuration.You must use 0:01 μF capacitors. Compare the results with Exercise 14–15.
Design a Butterworth high-pass filter using the equal element configuration that meets the following conditions: passband gain 100,ω0 = 5 krad=s,ωMIN = 500 rad=s,Tmin = −40 dB 1dB. You must use
(a) Construct a Butterworth high-pass transfer function that meets the following requirements: TMAX = 20 dB, ωC = 10 rad=s,TMIN = −10 dB, and ωMIN = 3 rad=s.Use MATLAB to plot the gain
Design a high-pass, first-order cascade filter with a cutoff frequency of 100 krad=s, a TMIN of−65 dB, a ωMIN of 10 krad=s, and a passband gain of 100.
Design a cascade of active RC high-pass filter circuits to create a filter with a K of 0 dB, a cutoff frequency of 500 rad=s, a TMIN of −40 dB, and a ωMIN of 100 rad=s. Simulate the output using
A low-pass filter is required that will process high-fidelity audio signals meeting the following criteria:f0 = 20 kHz, TMAX = 20 dB, TMIN = −50 dB, fMIN = 200 kHz The filter should have less than
Construct a Chebyshev low-pass transfer function that meets the following requirements:TMAX = 0 dB, TMIN = −30 dB, ωC = 250 rad=s, and ωMIN =1:5 krad=s.
Rework the design in Example 14–8 using the unity gain method in Sect. 14–2 to design the required third-order low-pass circuit. Use Multisim to validate your design. Which method is likely the
(a) Construct a Chebyshev low-pass transfer function that meets the following requirements: TMAX = 20 dB, ωC = 10 rad=s, TMIN = −30 dB, and ωMIN = 50 rad=s.(b) Design a cascade of active RC
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