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managing human behavior in public
Questions and Answers of
Managing Human Behavior In Public
a. What is the purpose of the team?
7. Where Do We Begin?
6. Expectations of work performance may be machine driven. Employees in some organizations will perceive this as dehumanizing and coercive. (pp. 480–481)
5. The computer imposes a discipline of linear thinking. Organizations will need to find ways to encourage and protect nonlinear thinking and communicating.
4. Trust develops with shared experience, values, give-and-take, and the result of human communication. Satellites, electronic mail, and networks could reduce the dimensions of trust to which we are
3. Messages of affect and value will decrease. Ambiguity in interpreting information will increase. Managers will have to seek new ways of communicating the affective component of messages.
2. More informal messages and “short-circuiting of the hierarchy will occur.” Organization structure and formal information flow will be redefined.
1. Opportunities for face-to-face contact will be diminished, and information from nonverbal cues will be reduced.Consequently, opportunities for random spontaneous information sharing will be
3. Are our bosses always right? If not, what should we do?
2. What, according to Sergey, was “strange” at this meeting?
1. Why couldn’t Sergey understand the behavior of his fellow workers?
5. [From a citizen] “Can you tell me who to talk with about a junk car that I’d like to have removed from the vacant lot next door?”a. “That’s not my department.”b. “Ask the secretary
4. [From a legislator or a member of the city council] “I want to see all the information we have on the new construction project, and I want it in my office in 1 hour.”a. “That’s none of
3. [From your subordinates] “We really think that we deserve more money for doing this job.”a. “That’s silly. You’re really not worth what we’re paying you now.”b. “You know that the
2. [From a coworker] “I’m terribly afraid that the mistake I made in the Harris confirmation hearing means that the boss is going to transfer me to the end of the world.”a. “That’s stupid.
1. [From the head of your agency] “I’ve heard some disturbing rumors about the way you treat our clients.”a. “That’s ridiculous.”b. “You can’t believe everything you hear.”c.
3. How would you advise Anita to proceed if she wants to stay in the organization and be successful? How can she increase her influence and power in the organization?
2. While this case clearly involves power relationships, is there anything else that might be going on? If you think other factors are contributing to Anita’s problems, which of these factors can
1. What do you think is going on here? What are the elements of organizational politics that may be operating here? Power dynamics?
6. What are some of the ethical principles that ought to guide your efforts in networking with others?
5. Under what circumstances is introducing yourself to someone you don’t know a good idea? When is introducing yourself not such a good idea?
4. How comfortable are you with introducing yourself to people? What kind of impression do you think you give others? (You may want to check your self-assessment by asking a trusted source what kind
3. Have you ever felt good or been flattered by someone seeking to network with you? What did the person do to make you feel good about the interaction?
2. Have you ever been offended by someone seeking to network with you? If so, what was it about the interaction that bothered you?
1. On balance, do you think networking is best thought of as a way to meet interesting people or a way of using people to get what you want?
5. What can you learn from this person that will help you to gain power and use it constructively for your own benefit and for the organization’s benefit? (In some cases, this might involve
4. Do you have power relative to this person? Why or why not? Do you need or want more power in this case? If yes, then what are some of the ways in which you might increase your influence and power?
3. Are these strategies used constructively to enhance organizational goal attainment? Are these strategies used for self-serving purposes? Explain.
2. What strategies does this person employ? What strategies have been the most effective and why?
1. Think of the most effective and successful organizational politician you know. From what sources of power does this person draw?
3. If you were John and had the benefit of hindsight, how might you have handled the situation differently? How could you use power and organizational politics to gain the respect and cooperation you
2. Assuming that, after his reassignment, John might have become more open to suggestions on his behavior, how might you advise him?
How does John’s experience relate to questions of organizational power and politics?
1. What do you think has happened here? Who, and in what way, are the various participants responsible for the outcome?
Are there lessons that can be learned from the experience that will inform future practice in a positive manner?
Is the person willing to deal with the consequences?
Was there an effort to involve the appropriate people?
Was the person thoughtful about the alternatives, and did he or she make a reasonable and appropriate choice given the information available?
Did the person take the initiative to understand the issue and gather needed information?
20. The best way of handling power and organizational politics is to stay away from it.
19. It is not a good idea to become dependent on one person in an organization.
18. If you have power, then people will dislike and fear you.
17. Gaining power often involves making friends rather than making enemies in the organization.
16. If you have very little power in an organization, then there is basically nothing you can or should do about it.
15. On very controversial issues, it often is best to delay or avoid your involvement as long as possible.
14. Reaching organizational goals requires that organizational politics and power be avoided whenever possible.
13. You always should try to make a good first impression.
12. It is advisable to always tell people everything you know about a situation.
11. As a manager, it is necessary to have organizational power just to do a good job with the tasks assigned to you.
10. If you have good relationships with the people in your unit, then it is not necessary to have good relationships with people in other parts and levels of the organization.
9. Power and politics can be destructive forces in organizations.
8. Empowerment requires delegation; if your boss does not give it to you, then it is not possible to make it happen.
7. It is advisable to do favors for people whenever possible.
6. To maintain power, you should not compromise, even when an issue is of minor importance to you.
5. It often is a good idea to make others dependent on you for your expertise and knowledge.
4. The simplest and best long-term strategy for getting others to do what you want is to let them know that you are the boss.
3. You can gain power by making others feel important.
2. Organizational politics should have no role in the administration of public programs.
1. It is important to get along with everyone in organizations, even people you do not like.
If we asked your friends to list your best leadership qualities, what do you think they would say?
What five characteristics do you consider your best leadership qualities or traits?
What was it you did in this situation that caused others to follow you?
Write down the circumstances in which you led.
What are the 10 qualities that make you think highly of that person’s leadership?Consider a specific incident in which you thought this person exercised exceptional leadership skills. Which of the
3. What specific steps can you take to highlight and reinforce the public service contributions of those around you, including your peers, your supervisor, and your employees?
2. What is your role and contribution in this regard? How do you, or how could you, help your organization to better achieve its public service mission? Although it may be difficult to see and
1. What is the public service mission of your agency or organization (or the organization that you hope to work for)? How does the organization benefit the people it serves? Think of specific
3. Implement the action steps. After a reasonable time period, assess the results. Has your motivation increased? Has your interest, satisfaction, or performance improved? What else might you do to
2. Formulate a plan, including action steps, for overcoming the barriers to motivation. Discuss the plan with affected parties and get commitments from them (if appropriate).
1. Identify the barriers to motivation. Is the work challenging? Do you feel competent to perform the work? Are you getting needed feedback? Do you understand the expectations? Do you have the time
5. What conclusions can you draw or what observations can you make about motivation theory and research?
4. Which of the theories or models do you think fit best with which employees and why?
3. What are some of the perspectives on organizational behavior that could explain the apparently high levels of motivation among the four employees? What models might explain Jess’s motivation?
2. Discuss the practical implications for each of the models you use. In other words, what do these models suggest the supervisor should do or say as a consequence of defining the problem from that
1. Define the problem(s) in this case, using as many theories of motivation from this chapter as you think might apply.
Did the organization’s culture and incentives encourage those involved to make the right decision? Explain.
Were the right people brought in, and if not, who was left out and why?
When there was controversy, was it clear who had the final say?
Were the decisions based on appropriate facts?
Were the roles, process, and timeline adhered to by all parties involved?
Was it clear to you: (a) who would make the recommendation, (b) who would be asked to provide input, (c) who had the final say, and (d) who would be responsible for implementation?
Were the right people involved in the decision-making process?
Were they made on a timely basis?
Did the decisions need to be made, or had they already been made?
7. How will you encourage her to report back on the findings?
6. What questions would you suggest should be included?
5. Who should facilitate the focus group?
4. Who should be invited to attend?
3. Should participants be incentivized to attend? If so, how would you suggest?
2. How much time should be allocated to the focus group?
1. Where will you recommend that she hold the focus group?
3. What might you have done differently
2. What role, if any, might Simon’s (1976) “satisfice” theory have played in this situation?
1. Using Allison’s (1971) model, what lens(es) do you believe Chief Jackson used to make these decisions?
7. What traps should she avoid?
6. What data will she need?
5. What decision-making model would you advocate to this person?
4. Did you rethink your decision?
3. Did you seek anyone’s advice?
2. Did you have many choices, or were there constraints that narrowed your selection?
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